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of God; and consequently  (by Part i。; Ax。 iv。) is not the effect



of any attribute save thought。  Therefore the actual  being of



ideas owns God as its cause; in so far as he is considered as a



thinking thing; &c。   Q。E。D。







VI。  The modes of any given attribute are caused by God; in so



far as he is considered  through the attribute of which they are



modes; and not in so far as he is considered through  any other



attribute。







》》》》》ProofEach attribute is conceived through itself; without



any other part (Part i。;  Prop。 x。); wherefore the modes of each



attribute involve the conception of that attribute;  but not of



any other。  Thus (Part i。; Ax。 iv。) they are caused by God; only



in so far as he  is considered through the attribute whose modes



they are; and not in so far as he is  considered through any



other。  Q。E。D。







ProofThis proposition is evident from Part i。; Ax。 iv。 



For the idea of everything  that is caused depends on a



knowledge of the cause; whereof it is an effect。







ProofThis proposition is evident from the last; it is



understood more clearly from  the preceding note。







ProofThe idea of an individual thing actually existing is



an individual mode of  thinking; and is distinct from other modes



(by the Cor。 and Note to Prop。 viii。 of this part);  thus (by



Prop。 vi。 of this part) it is caused by God; in so far only as he



is a thinking thing。   But not (by Prop。 xxviii。 of Part i。) in



so far as he is a thing thinking absolutely; only in so  far as



he is considered as affected by another mode of thinking; and he



is the cause of this  latter; as being affected by a third; and



so on to infinity。  Now; the order and connection  of ideas is



(by Prop。 vii。 of this book) the same as the order and connection



of causes。   Therefore of a given individual idea another



individual idea; or God; in so far as he is  considered as



modified by that idea; is the cause; and of this second idea God



is the  cause; in so far as he is affected by another idea; and



so on to infinity。  Q。E。D。







ProofWhatsoever takes place in the object of any idea; its



idea is in God (by  Prop。 iii。 of this part); not in so far as he



is infinite; but in so far as he is considered as  affected by



another idea of an individual thing (by the last Prop。); but (by



Prop。 vii。 of  this part) the order and connection of ideas is



the same as the order and connection of  things。  The knowledge;



therefore; of that which takes place in any individual object



will  be in God; in so far only as he has the idea of that



object。  Q。E。D。







X。  The being of substance does not appertain to the essence of



manin other words;  substance does not constitute the actual



being (forma) of man。







》》》》》ProofThe being of substance involves necessary existence



(Part i。; Prop。 vii。)。   If; therefore; the being of substance



appertains to the essence of man; substance being  granted; man



would necessarily be granted also (II。 Def。 ii。); and;



consequently; man would  necessarily exist; which is absurd (II。



Ax。 i。)。  Therefore &c。  Q。E。D。







*****NoteThis proposition may also be proved from I。v。; in



which it is shown that there  cannot be two substances of the



same nature;

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