the golden bough-第203节

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at　or　prison　and　scourged　them　severely。　Thus；　for　example；　the　heir　to　the　throne　of　Bogota；　who　was　not　the　son　but　the　sister's　son　of　the　king；　had　to　undergo　a　rigorous　training　from　his　infancy；　he　lived　in　complete　retirement　in　a　temple；　where　he　might　not　see　the　sun　nor　eat　salt　nor　converse　with　a　woman；　he　was　surrounded　by　guards　who　observed　his　conduct　and　noted　all　his　actions；　if　he　broke　a　single　one　of　the　rules　laid　down　for　him；　he　was　deemed　infamous　and　forfeited　all　his　rights　to　the　throne。　So；　too；　the　heir　to　the　kingdom　of　Sogamoso；　before　succeeding　to　the　crown；　had　to　fast　for　seven　years　in　the　temple；　being　shut　up　in　the　dark　and　not　allowed　to　see　the　sun　or　light。　The　prince　who　was　to　become　Inca　of　Peru　had　to　fast　for　a　month　without　seeing　light。

3。　The　Seclusion　of　Girls　at　Puberty

NOW　it　is　remarkable　that　the　foregoing　two　rulesnot　to　touch　the　ground　and　not　to　see　the　sunare　observed　either　separately　or　conjointly　by　girls　at　puberty　in　many　parts　of　the　world。　Thus　amongst　the　negroes　of　Loango　girls　at　puberty　are　confined　in　separate　huts；　and　they　may　not　touch　the　ground　with　any　part　of　their　bare　body。　Among　the　Zulus　and　kindred　tribes　of　South　Africa；　when　the　first　signs　of　puberty　show　themselves　while　a　girl　is　walking；　gathering　wood；　or　working　in　the　field；　she　runs　to　the　river　and　hides　herself　among　the　reeds　for　the　day；　so　as　not　to　be　seen　by　men。　She　covers　her　head　carefully　with　her　blanket　that　the　sun　may　not　shine　on　it　and　shrivel　her　up　into　a　withered　skeleton；　as　would　result　from　exposure　to　the　sun's　beams。　After　dark　she　returns　to　her　home　and　is　secluded　in　a　hut　for　some　time。　With　the　Awa…nkonde；　a　tribe　at　the　northern　end　of　Lake　Nyassa；　it　is　a　rule　that　after　her　first　menstruation　a　girl　must　be　kept　apart；　with　a　few　companions　of　her　own　sex；　in　a　darkened　house。　The　floor　is　covered　with　dry　banana　leaves；　but　no　fire　may　be　lit　in　the　house；　which　is　called　the　house　of　the　Awasungu；　that　is；　of　maidens　who　have　no　hearts。

In　New　Ireland　girls　are　confined　for　four　or　five　years　in　small　cages；　being　kept　in　the　dark　and　not　allowed　to　set　foot　on　the　ground。　The　custom　has　been　thus　described　by　an　eye…witness。　I　heard　from　a　teacher　about　some　strange　custom　connected　with　some　of　the　young　girls　here；　so　I　asked　the　chief　to　take　me　to　the　house　where　they　were。　The　house　was　about　twenty…five　feet　in　length；　and　stood　in　a　reed　and　bamboo　enclosure；　across　the　entrance　to　which　a　bundle　of　dried　grass　was　suspended　to　show　that　it　was　strictly　'tabu。'　Inside　the　house　were　three　conical　structures　about　seven　or　eight　feet　in　height；　and　about　ten　or　twelve　feet　in　circumference　at　the　bottom；　and　for　about　four　feet　from　the　ground；　at　which　point　they　tapered　off　to　a　point　at　the　top。　These　cages　were　made　of　the　broad　leaves　of　the　pandanus…tree；　sewn　quite　close　together　so　that　no　light　and　little　or　no　air　could　enter。　On　one　side　of　each　is　an　opening　which　is　closed　by　a　double　door　of　plaited　cocoa…nut　tree　and　pandanus…tree　leaves。　About　three　feet　from　the　ground　there　is　a　stage　of　bamboos　which　forms　the　floor。　In　each　of　these　cages　we　were　told　there　was　a　young　woman　confined；　each　of　whom　had　to　remain　for　at　least　four　or　five　years；　without　ever　being　allowed　to　go　outside　the　house。　I　could　scarcely　credit　the　story　when　I　heard　it；　the　whole　thing　seemed　too　horrible　to　be　true。　I　spoke　to　the　chief；　and　told　him　that　I　wished　to　see　the　inside　of　the　cages；　and　also　to　see　the　girls　that　I　might　make　them　a　present　of　a　few　beads。　He　told　me　that　it　was　'tabu；'　forbidden　for　any　men　but　their　own　relations　to　look　at　them；　but　I　suppose　the　promised　beads　acted　as　an　inducement；　and　so　he　sent　away　for　some　old　lady　who　had　charge；　and　who　alone　is　allowed　to　open　the　doors。　While　we　were　waiting　we　could　hear　the　girls　talking　to　the　chief　in　a　querulous　way　as　if　objecting　to　something　or　expressing　their　fears。　The　old　woman　came　at　length　and　certainly　she　did　not　seem　a　very　pleasant　jailor　or　guardian；　nor　did　she　seem　to　favour　the　request　of　the　chief　to　allow　us　to　see　the　girls；　as　she　regarded　us　with　anything　but　pleasant　looks。　However；　she　had　to　undo　the　door　when　the　chief　told　her　to　do　so；　and　then　the　girls　peeped　out　at　us；　and；　when　told　to　do　so；　they　held　out　their　hands　for　the　beads。　I；　however；　purposely　sat　at　some　distance　away　and　merely　held　out　the　beads　to　them；　as　I　wished　to　draw　them　quite　outside；　that　I　might　inspect　the　inside　of　the　cages。　This　desire　of　mine　gave　rise　to　another　difficulty；　as　these　girls　were　not　allowed　to　put　their　feet　to　the　ground　all　the　time　they　were　confined　in　these　places。　However；　they　wished　to　get　the　beads；　and　so　the　old　lady　had　to　go　outside　and　collect　a　lot　of　pieces　of　wood　and　bamboo；　which　she　placed　on　the　ground；　and　then　going　to　one　of　the　girls；　she　helped　her　down　and　held　her　hand　as　she　stepped　from　one　piece　of　wood　to　another　until　she　came　near　enough　to　get　the　beads　I　held　out　to　her。　I　then　went　to　inspect　the　inside　of　the　cage　out　of　which　she　had　come；　but　could　scarely　put　my　head　inside　of　it；　the　atmosphere　was　so　hot　and　stifling。　It　was　clean　and　contained　nothing　but　a　few　short　lengths　of　bamboo　for　holding　water。　There　was　only　room　for　the　girl　to　sit　or　lie　down　in　a　crouched　position　on　the　bamboo　platform；　and　when　the　doors　are　shut　it　must　be　nearly　or　quite　dark　inside。　The　girls　are　never　allowed　to　come　out　except　once　a　day　to　bathe　in　a　dish　or　wooden　bowl　placed　close　to　each　cage。　They　say　that　they　perspire　profusely。　They　are　placed　in　these　stifling　cages　when　quite　young；　and　must　remain　there　until　they　are　young　women；　when　they　are　taken　out　and　have　each　a　great　marriage　feast　provided　for　them。　One　of　them　was　about　fourteen　or　fifteen　years　old；　and　the　chief　told　us　that　she　had　been　there　for　five　years；　but　would　soon　be　taken　out　now。　The　other　two　were　about　eight　and　ten　years　old；　and　they　have　to　stay　there　for　several　years　longer。

In　Kabadi；　a　district　of　British　New　Guinea；　daughters　of　chiefs；　when　they　are　about　twelve　or　thirteen　years　of　age；　are　kept　indoors　for　two　or　three　years；　never　being　allowed；　under　any　pretence；　to　descend　from　the　house；　and　the　house　is　so　shaded　that　the　sun　cannot　shine　on　them。　Among　the　Yabim　and　Bukaua；　two　neighbouring　and　kindred　tribes　on　the　coast　of　Northern　New　Guinea；　a　girl　at　puberty　is　secluded　for　some　five　or　six　weeks　in　an　inner　part　of　the　house；　but　she　may　not　sit　on　the　floor；　lest　her　uncleanliness　should　cleave　to　it；　so　a　log　of　wood　is　placed　for　her　to　squat　on。　Moreover；　she　may　not　touch　the　ground　with　her　feet；　hence　if　she　is　obliged　to　quit　the　house　for　a　short　time；　she　is　muffled　up　in　mats　and　walks　on　two　halves　of　a　coco…nut　shell；　which　are　fastened　like　sandals　to　her　feet　by　creeping　plants。　Among　the　Ot　Danoms　of　Borneo　girls　at　the　age　of　eight　or　ten　years　are　shut　up　in　a　little　room　or　cell　of　the　house；　and　cut　off　from　all　intercourse　with　the　world　for　a　long　time。　The　cell；　like　the　rest　of　the　house；　is　raised　on　piles　above　the　ground；　and　is　lit　by　a　single　small　window　opening　on　a　lonely　place；　so　that　the　girl　is　in　almost　total　darkness。　She　may　not　leave　the　room　on　any　pretext　whatever；　not　even　for　the　most　necessary　purposes。　None　of　her　family　may　see　her　all　the　time　she　is　shut　up；　but　a　single　slave　woman　is　appointed　to　wait　on　her。　During　her　lonely　confinement；　which　often　lasts　seven　years；　the　girl　occupies　herself　in　weaving　mats　or　with　other　handiwork。　Her　bodily　growth　is　stunted　by　the　long　want　of　exercise；　and　when；　on　attaining　womanhood；　she　is　brought　out；　her　complexion　is　pale　and　wax…like。　She　is　now　shown　the　sun；　the　earth；　the　water；　the　trees；　and　the　flowers；　as　if　she　were　newly　born。　Then　a　great　feast　is　made；　a　slave　is　killed；　and　the　girl　is　smeared　with　his　blood。　In　Ceram　girls　at　puberty　were　formerly　shut　up　by　themselves　in　a　hut　which　was　kept　dark。　In　Yap；　one　of　the　Caroline　Islands；　should　a　girl　be　overtaken　by　her　first　menstruation　on　the　public　road；　she　may　not　sit　down　on　the　earth；　but　must　beg　for　a　coco…nut　shell　to　put　under　her。　She　is　shut　up　for　several　days　in　a　small　hut　at　a　distance　from　her　parents'　house；　and　afterwards　she　is　bound　to　sleep　for　a　hundred　days　in　one　of　the　special　houses　which　are　provided　for　the　use　of　menstruous　women。

In　the　island　of　Mabuiag；　Torres　Straits；　when　the　signs　of　puberty　appear　on　a　girl；　a　circle　of　bushes　is　made　in　a　dark　corner　of　the　house。　Here；　decked　with　shoulder…belts；　armlets；　leglets　just　below　the　knees；　and　anklets；　wearing　a　chaplet　on　her　head；　and　shell　ornaments　in　her　ears；　on　her　chest；　and　on　her　back；　she　squats　in　the　midst　of　the　bushes；　which　are　piled　so　high　round　about　her　that　only　her　head　is　visible。　In　this　state　of　seclusion　she　must　remain　for　three　months。　All　this　time　the　sun　may　not　shine　upon　her；　but　at　night　she　is　allowed　to　slip　out　of　the　hut；　and　the　bushes　that　hedge　her　in　are　then　changed。　She　may　not　feed　herself　or　handle　food；　but　is　fed　by　one　or　two　old　women；　her　maternal　aunts；　who　are　especially　appointed　to　look　after　her。