the life of flavius josephus-第16节
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being about one…tenth of the whole people； even after the
captivity。 See Ezra 2：36…39； Nehemiah 7：39…42； 1 Esdras 5：24； 25；
with Ezra 2；64； Nehemiah 7：66； 1 Esdras 5：41。 Nor will this
common reading or notion of but four courses of priests； agree
with Josephus's own further assertion elsewhere； Antiq。 B。 VII。
ch。 14。 sect。 7； that David's partition of the priests into
twenty…four courses had continued to that day。
（2） An eminent example of the care of the Jews about their
genealogies； especially as to the priests。 See Against Ap。 B。 1
sect。 7。
（3） When Josephus here says； that from sixteen to nineteen； or
for three years； he made trial of the three Jewish sects； the
Pharisees； the Sadducees； and the Essens； and yet says presently；
in all our copies； that he stayed besides with one particular
ascetic； called Banus； with him； and this still before he was
nineteen； there is little room left for his trial of the three
other sects。 I suppose； therefore； that for； with him； the old
reading might be； with them； which is a very small emendation；
and takes away the difficulty before us。 Nor is Dr。 Hudson's
conjecture； hinted at by Mr。 Hall in his preface to the Doctor's
edition of Josephus； at all improbable； that this Banus； by this
his description； might well be a follower of John the Baptist；
and that from him Josephus might easily imbibe such notions； as
afterwards prepared him to have a favorable opinion of Jesus
Christ himself； who was attested to by John the Baptist。
（4） We may note here； that religious men among the Jews； or at
least those that were priests； were sometimes ascetics also； and；
like Daniel and his companions in Babylon； Daniel 1：8…16； ate no
flesh； but figs and nuts； etc。 only。 This was like the； or
austere diet of the Christian ascetics in Passion…week。
Constitut。 V。 18。
（5） It has been thought the number of Paul and his companions on
ship…board； Acts 27：38； which are 276 in our copies； are too
many； whereas we find here； that Josephus and his companions； a
very few years after the other； were about 600。
（6） See Jewish War； B。 II。 ch。 18。 sect。 3。
（7） The Jews might collect this unlawfulness of fighting against
their brethren from that law of Moses； Leviticus 19：16； 〃Thou
shalt not stand against the blood of thy neighbor；〃 and that；
ver。 17； 〃Thou shalt not avenge； nor bear any grudge against the
children of thy people； but thou shalt love thy neighbor as
thyself；〃 as well as from many other places in the Pentateuch and
Prophets。 See Antiq。 B。 VIII。 ch。 8。 sect。 3。
（8） That this Herod Agrippa； the father； was of old called a
Great King； as here； appears by his coins still remaining； to
which Havercamp refers us。
（9） The famous Jewish numbers of twelve and seventy are here
remarkable。
（10） Our Josephus shows； both here and every where； that he was a
most religious person； and one that had a deep sense of God and
his providence upon his mind； and ascribed all his numerous and
wonderful escapes and preservations； in times of danger； to God's
blessing him； and taking care of him； and this on account of his
acts of piety； justice； humanity； and charity； to the Jews his
brethren。
（11） Josephus's opinion is here well worth noting： … That every
one is to be permitted to worship God according to his own
conscience； and is not to be compelled in matters of religion： as
one may here observe； on the contrary； that the rest of the Jews
were still for obliging all those who married Jewesses to be
circumcised； and become Jews； and were ready to destroy all that
would not submit to do so。 See sect。 31； and Luke 11：54。
（12） How Josephus could say here that the Jewish laws forbade
them to 〃spoil even their enemies； while yet； a little before his
time； our Savior had mentioned it as then a current maxim with
them； 〃Thou shalt love thy neighbor； and hate thine enemy；〃
Matthew 5：43； is worth our inquiry。 I take it that Josephus；
having been now for many years an Ebionite Christian； had learned
this interpretation of the law of Moses from Christ； whom he
owned for the true Melah； as it follows in the succeeding verses；
which； though he might not read in St。 Matthew's Gospel； yet
might he have read much the same exposition in their own Ebionite
or Nazarene Gospel itself； of which improvements made by
Josephus； after he was become a Christian； we have already had
several examples in this his life； sect。 3； 13； 15； 19； 21； 23；
and shall have many more therein before its conclusion； as well
as we have them elsewhere in all his later writings。
（13） Here we may observe the vulgar Jewish notion of witchcraft；
but that our Josephus was too wise to give any countenance to it。
（14） In this section； as well as in the 18 and 33。 those small
vessels that sailed on the sea of Galilee； are called by
Josephus； i。e。 plainly ships； so that we need not wander at our
evangelists； who still call them ships； nor ought we to render
them boats； as some do； Their number was in all 230； as we learn
from our author elsewhere。 Jewish War。 B。 II。 ch。 21。 sect。 8。
（15） Part of these fortifications on Mount Tabor may be those
still remaining； and which were seen lately by Mr。 Maundrel。 See
his Travels； p。 112。
（16） This Gamaliel may be the very same that is mentioned by the
rabbins in the Mishna； in Juchasin； and in Porta Mosis； as is
observed in the Latin notes。 He might be also that Gamaliel II。；
whose grandfather was Gamaliel I。； who is mentioned in Acts 5：34；
and at whose feet St。 Paul was brought up； Acts 22：3。 See Prid。
at the year 449。
（17） This Jonathan is also taken notice of in the Latin notes； as
the same that is mentioned by the rabbins in Porta Mosis。
（18） This I take to be the first of Josephus's remarkable or
divine dreams； which were predictive of the great things that
afterwards came to pass； of which see more in the note on Antiq。
B。 III。 ch。 8。 sect。 9。 The other is in the War； B。 III。 ch。 8。
sect。 3； 9。
（19） Josephus's directions to his soldiers here are much the same
that John the Baptist gave； Luke 3：14； 〃Do violence to no man；
neither accuse any falsely； and be content with your wages。〃
Whence Dr。 Hudson confirms this conjecture； that Josephus； in
some things； was； even now； a follower of John the Baptist； which
is no way improbable。 See the note on sect。 2。
（20） We here learn the practice of the Jews； in the days of
Josephus； to inquire into the characters of witnesses before they
were admitted； and that their number ought to be three； or two at
the least； also exactly as in the law of Moses； and in the
Apostolical Constitutions； B。 II。 ch。 37。 See Horeb Covenant
Revived； page 97； 98。
（21） This appeal to the whole body of the Galileans by Josephus；
and the testimony they gave him of integrity in his conduct as
their governor； is very like that appeal and testimony in the
case of the prophet Samuel； 1 Samuel 12：1…5； and perhaps was done
by Josephus in imitation of him。
（22） It is worth noting here； that there was now a great
Proseucha； or place of prayer； in the city of Tiberias itself；
though such Proseucha used to be out of cities； as the synagogues
were within them。 Of them； see Le Moyne on Polycarp's Epistle；
page 76。 It is also worth our remark； that the Jews； in the days
of Josephus； used to dine at the sixth hour； or noon； and that in
obedience to their notions of the law of Moses also。
（23） One may observe here； that this lay Pharisee； Ananias； is we
have seen he was； sect。 39； took upon him to appoint a fast at
Tiberias； and was obeyed； though indeed it was not out of
religion； but knavish policy。
（24） The character of this history of Justus of Tiberias； the
rival of our Josephus； which is now lost； with its only remaining
fragment； are given us by a very able critic； Photius； who read
that history。 It is in the 33rd code of his Bibliotheea； and runs
thus： 〃I have read （says Photius） the chronology of Justus of
Tiberias； whose title is this； ＇The Chronology of＇ the Kings of
Judah which succeeded one another。 This ＇Justus＇ came out of the
city of Tiberias in Galilee。 He begins his history from Moses；
and ends it not till the death of Agrippa； the seventh ＇ruler＇ of
the family of Herod； and the last king of the Jews； who took the
government under Claudius； had it augmented under Nero； and still
more augmented by Vespasian。 He died in the third year of Trajan；
where also his history ends。 He is very concise in his language；
and slightly passes over those affairs that were most necessary
to be insisted on； and being under the Jewish prejudices； as
indeed he was himself also a Jew by birth； he makes not the least
mention of the appearance of Christ； or what things happened to
him； or of the wonderful works that he did。 He was the son of a
certain Jew； whose name was Pistus。 He was a man； as he is
described by Josephus； of a most profligate character； a slave
both to money and to pleasures。 In public affairs he was opposite
to Josephus； and it is related； that he laid many plots against
him； but that Josephus； though he had his enemy frequently under
his power； did only reproach him in words； and so let him go
without further punishment。 He says also； tha
