heimskringla-第21节
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south with his fleet to More; pillaging wherever he came; and killing many people。 He then sent the whole of the bonde army back to Throndhjem; but he himself; with his men…at…arms; proceeded by both the districts of More and Raumsdal; and had his spies out to the south of Stad to spy the army of Gunhild's sons; and when he heard they were come into the Fjords; and were waiting for a fair wind to sail northwards round Stad; Earl Hakon set out to sea from the north side of Stad; so far that his sails could not be seen from the land; and then sailed eastward on a line with the coast; and came to Denmark; from whence he sailed into the Baltic; and pillaged there during the summer。 Gunhild's sons conducted their army north to Throndhjem; and remained there the whole summer collecting the scat and duties。 But when summer was advanced they left Sigurd Slefa and Gudron behind; and the other brothers returned eastward with the levied army they had taken up in summer。
13。 OF EARL HAKON AND GUNHILD'S SONS。
Earl Hakon; towards harvest (A。D。 963); sailed into the Bothnian Gulf to Helsingjaland; drew his ships up there on the beach; and took the land…ways through Helsingjaland and Jamtaland; and so eastwards round the dividing ridge (the Kjol; or keel of the country); and down into the Throndhjem district。 Many people streamed towards him; and he fitted out ships。 When the sons of Gunhild heard of this they got on board their ships; and sailed out of the Fjord; and Earl Hakon came to his seat at Hlader; and remained there all winter。 The sons of Gunhild; on the other hand; occupied More; and they and the earl attacked each other in turns; killing each other's people。 Earl Hakon kept his dominions of Throndhjem; and was there generally in the winter; but in summer he sometimes went to Helsingjaland; where he went on board of his ships and sailed with them down into the Baltic; and plundered there; and sometimes he remained in Throndhjem; and kept an army on foot; so that Gunhild's sons could get no hold northwards of Stad。
14。 SIGURD SLEFA'S MURDER。
One summer Harald Grayskin with his troops went north to Bjarmaland; where be forayed; and fought a great battle with the inhabitants on the banks of the Vina (Dwina)。 King Harald gained the victory; killed many people; plundered and wasted and burned far and wide in the land; and made enormous booty。 Glum Geirason tells of it thus:
〃I saw the hero Harald chase With bloody sword Bjarme's race: They fly before him through the night; All by their burning city's light。 On Dwina's bank; at Harald's word; Arose the storm of spear and sword。 In such a wild war…cruise as this; Great would he be who could bring peace。〃
King Sigurd Slefa came to the Herse Klyp's house。 Klyp was a son of Thord; and a grandson of Hordakare; and was a man of power and great family。 He was not at home; but his wife Alof give a good reception to the king; and made a great feast at which there was much drinking。 Alof was a daughter of Asbjorn; and sister to Jarnskegge; north in Yrjar。 Asbjorn's brother was called Hreidar; who was father to Styrkar; whose son was Eindride; father of Einar Tambaskielfer。 In the night the king went to bed to Alof against her will; and then set out on his journey。 The harvest thereafter; King Harald and his brother King Sigurd Slefa went to Vors; and summoned the bondes to a Thing。 There the bondes fell on them; and would have killed them; but they escaped and took different roads。 King Harald went to Hardanger; but King Sigurd to Alrekstader。 Now when the Herse Klyp heard of this; he and his relations assembled to attack the king; and Vemund Volubrjot (1) was chief of their troop。 Now when they came to the house they attacked the king; and Herse Klyp; it is said; ran him through with his sword and killed him; but instantly Klyp was killed on the spot by Erling Gamle (A。D。 965)。
ENDNOTES: (1) Volubrjotr。 Literally 〃the one who breaks the vala〃; that is; breaks the skulls of witches。
15。 GRJOTGARD'S FALL。
King Harald Grafeld and his brother King Gudrod gathered together a great army in the east country; with which they set out northwards to Throndhjem (A。D。 968)。 When Earl Hakon heard of it he collected men; and set out to More; where he plundered。 There his father's brother; Grjotgard; had the command and defence of the country on account of Gunhild's sons; and he assembled an army by order of the kings。 Earl Hakon advanced to meet him; and gave him battle; and there fell Grjotgard and two other earls; and many a man besides。 So says Einar Skalaglam:
〃The helm…crown'd Hakon; brave as stout; Again has put his foes to rout。 The bowl runs o'er with Odin's mead; (1) That fires the skald when mighty deed Has to be sung。 Earl Hakon's sword; In single combat; as I've heard; Three sons of earls from this one fray To dwell with Odin drove away。〃 (2)
Thereafter Earl Hakon went out to sea; and sailed outside the coast; and came to Denmark。 He went to the Danish King; Harald Gormson; and was well received by him; and staid with him all winter (A。D。 969)。 At that time there was also with the Danish king a man called Harald; a son of Knut Gormson; and a brother's son of King Harald。 He was lately come home from a long viking cruise; on which he had gathered great riches; and therefore he was called Gold Harald。 He thought he had a good chance of coming to the Danish kingdom。
ENDNOTES: (1) Odin's mead; called Bodn; was the blood or mead the sons of Brage; the god of poets; drank to inspire them。 L。 (2) To dwell with Odin; viz。 slew them。 L。
16。 KING ERLING'S FALL。
King Harald Grafeld and his brothers proceeded northwards to Throndhjem; where they met no opposition。 They levied the scat…duties; and all other revenues; and laid heavy penalties upon the bondes; for the kings had for a long time received but little income from Throndhjem; because Earl Hakon was there with many troops; and was at variance with these kings。 In autumn (A。D。 968) King Harald went south with the greater part of the men…at…arms; but King Erlin remained behind with his men。 He raised great contributions from the bondes; and pressed severely on them; at which the bondes murmured greatly; and submitted to their losses with impatience。 In winter they gathered together in a great force to go against King Erling; just as he was at a feast; and they gave battle to him; and he with the most of his men fell (A。D。 969)。
17。 THE SEASONS IN NORWAY AT THIS TIME。
While Gunhild's sons reigned in Norway the seasons were always bad; and the longer they reigned the worse were the crops; and the bondes laid the blame on them。 They were very greedy; and used the bondes harshly。 It came at length to be so bad that fish; as well as corn; were wanting。 In Halogaland there was the greatest famine and distress; for scarcely any corn grew; and even snow was lying; and the cattle were bound in the byres (1) all over the country until midsummer。 Eyvind Skaldaspiller describes it in his poem; as he came outside of his house and found a thick snowdrift at that season:
〃Tis midsummer; yet deep snows rest On Odin's mother's frozen breast: Like Laplanders; our cattle…kind In stall or stable we must bind。〃
ENDNOTES: (1) Byres = gards or farms。
18。 THE ICELANDERS AND EYVIND THE SKALD。
Eyvind composed a poem about the people of Iceland; for which they rewarded him by each bonde giving him three silver pennies; of full weight and white in the fracture。 And when the silver was brought together at the Althing; the people resolved to have it purified; and made into a row of clasps; and after the workmanship of the silver was paid; the row of clasps was valued at fifty marks。 This they sent to Eyvind; but Eyvind was obliged to separate the clasps from each other; and sell them to buy food for his household。 But the same spring a shoal of herrings set in upon the fishing ground beyond the coast…side; and Eyvind manned a ship's boat with his house servants and cottars; and rowed to where the herrings were come; and sang:
〃Now let the steed of ocean bound O'er the North Sea with dashing sound: Let nimble tern and screaming gull Fly round and round our net is full。 Fain would I know if Fortune sends A like provision to my friends。 Welcome provision 'tis; I wot; That the whale drives to our cook's pot。〃
So entirely were his movable goods exhausted; that he was obliged to sell his arrows to buy herrings; or other meat for his table:
〃Our arms and ornaments of gold To buy us food we gladly sold: The arrows of the bow gave we For the bright arrows of the sea。〃 (1)
ENDNOTES: (1) Herrings; from their swift darting along; are called the arrows of the sea。
KING OLAF TRYGVASON'S SAGA。
PRELIMINARY REMARKS。
Hitherto the narrative has been more or less fragmentary。 With Olaf Trygvason's Saga reliable history begins; and the narration is full and connected。 The story of Hakon the earl is incorporated in this saga。
Accounts of Olaf Trygvason may be found in Od th