heimskringla-第123节
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King Magnus had three battles with Svein Ulfson。 So says Thiodolf:
〃To our brave Throndhjem sovereign's praise The skald may all his skaldcraft raise; For fortune; and for daring deed; His song will not the truth exceed。 After three battles to regain What was his own; unjustly ta'en; Unjustly kept; and dues denied; He levied dues in red…blood dyed。〃
37。 OF KING MAGNUS; AND THORFIN AND RAGNVALD; EARLS OF ORKNEY。
While King Magnus the Good; a son of King Olaf the Saint; ruled over Norway; as before related; the Earl Ragnvald Brusason lived with him。 Earl Thorfin Sigurdson; the uncle of Ragnvald; ruled then over Orkney。 King Magnus sent Ragnvald west to Orkney; and ordered that Thorfin should let him have his father's heritage。 Thorfin let Ragnvald have a third part of the land along with him; for so had Erase; the father of Ragnvald; had it at his dying day。 Earl Thorfin was married to Ingebjorg; the earl… mother; who was a daughter of Fin Arnason。 Earl Ragnvald thought he should have two…thirds of the land; as Olaf the Saint had promised to his father Bruse; and as Bruse had enjoyed as long as Olaf lived。 This was the origin of a great strife between these relations; concerning which we have a long saga。 They had a great battle in Pentland Firth; in which Kalf Arnason was with Earl Thorfin。 So says Bjarne Gullbrarskald:
〃Thy cutters; dashing through the tide; Brought aid to Earl Thorfin's side; Fin's son…in…law; and people say Thy aid made Bruse's son give way。 Kalf; thou art fond of warlike toil; Gay in the strife and bloody broil; But here 'twas hate made thee contend Against Earl Ragnvald; the king's friend。〃
38。 OF KING MAGNUS'S LETTER TO ENGLAND。
King Magnus ruled then both over Denmark and Norway; and when he had got possession of the Danish dominions he sent ambassadors over to England to King Edward; who brought to him King Magnus's letter and seal。 And in this letter there stood; along with a salutation from King Magnus; these words: 〃Ye must have heard of the agreement which I and Hardaknut made; that he of us two who survived the other should have all the land and people which the deceased had possessed。 Now it has so turned out; as ye have no doubt heard; that I have taken the Danish dominions as my heritage after Hardaknut。 But before he departed this life he had England as well as Denmark; therefore I consider myself now; in consequence of my rights by this agreement; to own England also。 Now I will therefore that thou deliver to me the kingdom; otherwise I will seek to take it by arms; both from Denmark and Norway; and let him rule the land to whom fate gives the victory。〃
39。 KING EDWARD'S ANSWER TO KING MAGNUS'S LETTER。
Now when King Edward had read this letter; he replied thus: 〃It is known to all men in this country that King Ethelred; my father; was udal…born to this kingdom; both after the old and new law of inheritance。 We were four sons after him; and when he by death left the throne my brother Edmund took the government and kingdom; for he was the oldest of us brothers; and I was well satisfied that it was so。 And after him my stepfather; Canute the Great; took the kingdom; and as long as he lived there was no access to it。 After him my brother Harald was king as long as he lived; and after him my brother Hardaknut took the kingdoms both of Denmark and England; for he thought that a just brotherly division that he should have both England and Denmark; and that I should have no kingdom at all。 Now he died; and then it was the resolution of all the people of the country to take me for king here in England。 So long as I had no kingly title I served only superiors in all respects; like those who had no claims by birth to land or kingdom。 Now; however; I have received the kingly title; and am consecrated king。 I have established my royal dignity and authority; as my father before me; and while I live I will not renounce my title。 If King Magnus come here with an army; I will gather no army against him; but he shall only get the opportunity of taking England when he has taken my life。 Tell him these words of mine。〃 The ambassadors went back to King Magnus; and told him the answer to their message。 King Magnus reflected a while; and answered thus: 〃I think it wisest; and will succeed best; to let King Edward have his kingdom in peace for me; and that I keep the kingdoms God has put into my hands。〃
SAGA OF HARALD HARDRADE。
PRELIMINARY REMARKS。
Harald; son of Sigurd Syr; was born in the year A。D。 1015; and left Norway A。D。 1030。 He was called Hardrade; that is; the severe counsellor; the tyrant; though the Icelanders never applied this epithet to him。 Harald helped the Icelanders in the famine of A。D。 1056; and sent them timber for a church at Thingvol。 It was the Norwegians who gave him the name tyrant in contrast to the 〃debonairete〃 of Magnus。 He came to Norway in A。D。 1046; and became sole king in A。D。 1047。 He died in A。D。 1066; and his son and successor Magnus died in A。D。 1069。
His saga is to be compared with 〃Agrip〃; 〃Fagrskinna〃; and 〃Morkinskinna〃。
The skalds quoted are: Thiodolf; Bolverk; Illuge Bryndalaskald; Stuf the skald; Thorarin Skeggjason; Valgard o' Val; Od Kikinaskald; Grane Skald; Thorleik the Fair; Stein Herdison; Ulf the Marshal; Arnor the earls' skald; Thorkel Skallason; and King Harald Hardrade himself。
1。 HARALD ESCAPES FROM THE BATTLE OF STIKLESTAD。
Harald; son of Sigurd Syr; brother of Olaf the Saint; by the same mother; was at the battle of Stiklestad; and was fifteen years old when King Olaf the Saint fell; as was before related。 Harald was wounded; and escaped with other fugitives。 So says Thiodolf:
〃At Haug the fire…sparks from his shield Flew round the king's head on the field; As blow for blow; for Olaf's sake; His sword and shield would give and take。 Bulgaria's conqueror; I ween; Had scarcely fifteen winters seen; When from his murdered brother's side His unhelmed head he had to hide。〃
Ragnvald Brusason led Harald from the battle; and the night after the fray took him to a bonde who dwelt in a forest far from other people。 The peasant received Harald; and kept him concealed; and Harald was waited upon until he was quite cured of his wounds。 Then the bonde's son attended him on the way east over the ridge of the land; and they went by all the forest paths they could; avoiding the common road。 The bonde's son did not know who it was he was attending; and as they were riding together between two uninhabited forests; Harald made these verses:
〃My wounds were bleeding as I rode; And down below the bondes strode; Killing the wounded with the sword; The followers of their rightful lord。 From wood to wood I crept along; Unnoticed by the bonde…throng; ‘Who knows;' I thought; ‘a day may come My name will yet be great at home。'〃
He went eastward over the ridge through Jamtaland and Helsingjaland; and came to Svithjod; where he found Ragnvald Brusason; and many others of King Olaf's men who had fled from the battle at Stiklestad; and they remained there till winter was over。
2。 HARALD'S JOURNEY TO CONSTANTINOPLE。
The spring after (A。D。 1031) Harald and Ragnvald got ships; and went east in summer to Russia to King Jarisleif; and were with him all the following winter。 So says the skald Bolverk:
〃The king's sharp sword lies clean and bright; Prepared in foreign lands to fight: Our ravens croak to have their fill; The wolf howls from the distant hill。 Our brave king is to Russia gone; Braver than he on earth there's none; His sharp sword will carve many feast To wolf and raven in the East。〃
King Jarisleif gave Harald and Ragnvald a kind reception; and made Harald and Ellif; the son of Earl Ragnvald; chiefs over the land…defence men of the king。 So says Thiodolf:
〃Where Ellif was; one heart and hand The two chiefs had in their command; In wedge or line their battle order Was ranged by both without disorder。 The eastern Vindland men they drove Into a corner; and they move The Lesians; although ill at ease; To take the laws their conquerors please。〃
Harald remained several years in Russia; and travelled far and wide in the Eastern land。 Then he began his expedition out to Greece; and had a great suite of men with him; and on he went to Constantinople。 So says Bolverk:
〃Before the cold sea…curling blast The cutter from the land flew past; Her black yards swinging to and fro; Her shield…hung gunwale dipping low。 The king saw glancing o'er the bow Constantinople's metal glow From tower and roof; and painted sails Gliding past towns and wooded vales。〃
3。 OF HARALD。
At that time the Greek empire was ruled by the Empress Zoe the Great; and with her Michael Catalactus。 Now when Harald came to Constantinople he presented himself to the empress; and went into her pay; and immediately; in autumn; went on board the galleys manned with troops which went out to the Greek sea。 Harald