russia in 1919(1919µÄ¶í¹ú)-µÚ18½Ú
°´¼üÅÌÉÏ·½Ïò¼ü ¡û »ò ¡ú ¿É¿ìËÙÉÏÏ·ҳ£¬°´¼üÅÌÉ쵀 Enter ¼ü¿É»Øµ½±¾ÊéĿ¼ҳ£¬°´¼üÅÌÉÏ·½Ïò¼ü ¡ü ¿É»Øµ½±¾Ò³¶¥²¿£¡
¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ªÎ´ÔĶÁÍꣿ¼ÓÈëÊéÇ©ÒѱãÏ´μÌÐøÔĶÁ£¡
previously¡¡¡¡¡¡suggested¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡I¡¡¡¡¡¡was¡¡¡¡¡¡interested¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡his¡¡¡¡¡¡reference¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡double¡¡
purpose¡¡of¡¡the¡¡tax¡¡and¡¡in¡¡the¡¡reasons¡¡he¡¡gave¡¡for¡¡its¡¡comparative¡¡failure¡£¡¡
The¡¡tax¡¡had¡¡a¡¡fiscal¡¡purpose£»¡¡partly¡¡to¡¡cover¡¡deficit£»¡¡partly¡¡by¡¡drawing¡¡in¡¡
paper¡¡¡¡¡¡money¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡raise¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡value¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡rouble¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡It¡¡¡¡¡¡had¡¡¡¡¡¡also¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡¡¡political¡¡
purpose¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡It¡¡was¡¡intended¡¡to¡¡affect¡¡the¡¡propertied¡¡classes¡¡only£»¡¡and¡¡thus¡¡to¡¡
weaken¡¡the¡¡Kulaks¡¡£¨hard¡fists£»¡¡rich¡¡peasants£©¡¡in¡¡the¡¡villages¡¡and¡¡to¡¡teach¡¡
the¡¡¡¡¡¡poorer¡¡¡¡¡¡peasants¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡meaning¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡revolution¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡Unfortunately¡¡¡¡¡¡some¡¡
Soviets£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡where¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡minority¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡Kulaks¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡had¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡retained¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡unfair¡¡
domination¡¡¡¡¡¡given¡¡¡¡¡¡it¡¡¡¡¡¡by¡¡¡¡¡¡its¡¡¡¡¡¡economic¡¡¡¡¡¡strength£»¡¡¡¡¡¡had¡¡¡¡¡¡distributed¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡tax¡¡¡
paying¡¡equally¡¡over¡¡the¡¡whole¡¡population£»¡¡thus¡¡very¡¡naturally¡¡raising¡¡the¡¡
resentment¡¡of¡¡the¡¡poor¡¡who¡¡found¡¡themselves¡¡taxed¡¡to¡¡the¡¡same¡¡amount¡¡as¡¡
those¡¡¡¡¡¡who¡¡¡¡¡¡could¡¡¡¡¡¡afford¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡pay¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡It¡¡¡¡¡¡had¡¡¡¡¡¡been¡¡¡¡¡¡necessary¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡send¡¡¡¡¡¡circular¡¡
telegrams¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡emphasizing¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡terms¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡decree¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡In¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡cases¡¡¡¡¡¡where¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡
taxation¡¡¡¡¡¡had¡¡¡¡¡¡been¡¡¡¡¡¡carried¡¡¡¡¡¡out¡¡¡¡¡¡as¡¡¡¡¡¡intended¡¡¡¡¡¡there¡¡¡¡¡¡had¡¡¡¡¡¡been¡¡¡¡¡¡no¡¡¡¡¡¡difficulty¡£¡¡
The¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡most¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡significant¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡reason¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡for¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡partial¡¡¡¡¡¡unsuccess¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡was¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡that¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡
propertied¡¡class£»¡¡as¡¡such£»¡¡had¡¡already¡¡diminished¡¡to¡¡a¡¡greater¡¡extent¡¡than¡¡
had¡¡¡¡¡¡been¡¡¡¡¡¡supposed£»¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡many¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡those¡¡¡¡¡¡taxed£»¡¡¡¡¡¡for¡¡¡¡¡¡example£»¡¡¡¡¡¡as¡¡¡¡¡¡factory¡¡
owners¡¡were¡¡already¡¡working£»¡¡not¡¡as¡¡factory¡¡owners£»¡¡but¡¡as¡¡paid¡¡directors¡¡
in¡¡nationalized¡¡factories£»¡¡and¡¡were¡¡therefore¡¡no¡¡longer¡¡subject¡¡to¡¡the¡¡tax¡£¡¡
In¡¡other¡¡words£»¡¡the¡¡partial¡¡failure¡¡of¡¡the¡¡tax¡¡was¡¡a¡¡proof¡¡of¡¡the¡¡successful¡¡
development¡¡of¡¡the¡¡revolution¡£¡¡£¨This¡¡is¡¡illustrated¡¡by¡¡the¡¡concrete¡¡case¡¡of¡¡
¡¨Uncle¡¨¡¡¡¡¡¡recorded¡¡¡¡¡¡on¡¡¡¡¡¡p¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡73¡££©¡¡¡¡¡¡Krestinsky¡¡¡¡¡¡believed¡¡¡¡¡¡that¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡revolution¡¡¡¡¡¡had¡¡
gone¡¡so¡¡far¡¡that¡¡no¡¡further¡¡tax¡¡of¡¡£»¡¡this¡¡kind¡¡would¡¡be¡¡either¡¡possible¡¡or¡¡
necessary¡£¡¡
¡¡¡Page¡¡65¡
RUSSIA¡¡IN¡¡1919¡¡
¡¡¡Page¡¡66¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡RUSSIA¡¡IN¡¡1919¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡NOTES¡¡OF¡¡CONVERSATIONS¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡WITH¡¡LENIN¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Whatever¡¡else¡¡they¡¡may¡¡think¡¡of¡¡him£»¡¡not¡¡even¡¡his¡¡enemies¡¡deny¡¡that¡¡
Vladimir¡¡¡¡¡¡Ilyitch¡¡¡¡¡¡Oulianov¡¡¡¡¡¡£¨Lenin£©¡¡¡¡¡¡is¡¡¡¡¡¡one¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡greatest¡¡¡¡¡¡personalities¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡
his¡¡time¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡I¡¡therefore¡¡make¡¡no¡¡apology¡¡for¡¡writing¡¡down¡¡such¡¡scraps¡¡of¡¡
his¡¡conversation¡¡as¡¡seem¡¡to¡¡illustrate¡¡his¡¡manner¡¡of¡¡mind¡£¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡He¡¡¡¡¡¡was¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡talking¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡lack¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡thinkers¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡English¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡labour¡¡
movement£»¡¡and¡¡said¡¡he¡¡remembered¡¡hearing¡¡Shaw¡¡speak¡¡at¡¡some¡¡meeting¡£¡¡
Shaw£»¡¡he¡¡said£»¡¡was¡¡¡¨A¡¡good¡¡man¡¡fallen¡¡among¡¡Fabians¡¨¡¡and¡¡a¡¡great¡¡deal¡¡
further¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡left¡¡¡¡than¡¡¡¡¡¡his¡¡¡¡company¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡He¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡had¡¡¡¡¡¡not¡¡¡¡¡¡heard¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¨The¡¡¡¡¡¡Perfect¡¡
Wagnerite£»¡¨¡¡¡¡¡¡but¡¡¡¡¡¡was¡¡¡¡¡¡interested¡¡¡¡¡¡when¡¡¡¡¡¡I¡¡¡¡¡¡told¡¡¡¡¡¡him¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡general¡¡¡¡¡¡idea¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡
book£»¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡turned¡¡¡¡¡¡fiercely¡¡¡¡¡¡on¡¡¡¡¡¡an¡¡¡¡¡¡interrupter¡¡¡¡¡¡who¡¡¡¡¡¡said¡¡¡¡¡¡that¡¡¡¡¡¡Shaw¡¡¡¡¡¡was¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡
clown¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¨He¡¡may¡¡be¡¡a¡¡clown¡¡for¡¡the¡¡bourgeoisie¡¡in¡¡a¡¡bourgeois¡¡state£»¡¡but¡¡
they¡¡would¡¡not¡¡think¡¡him¡¡a¡¡clown¡¡in¡¡a¡¡revolution¡£¡¨¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡He¡¡¡¡¡¡asked¡¡¡¡¡¡whether¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Sidney¡¡¡¡¡¡Webb¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡was¡¡¡¡¡¡consciously¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡working¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡the¡¡
interests¡¡of¡¡the¡¡capitalists£»¡¡and¡¡when¡¡I¡¡said¡¡I¡¡was¡¡quite¡¡sure¡¡that¡¡he¡¡was¡¡not£»¡¡
he¡¡said£»¡¡¡¨Then¡¡he¡¡has¡¡more¡¡industry¡¡than¡¡brains¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡He¡¡certainly¡¡has¡¡great¡¡
knowledge¡£¡¨¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡He¡¡was¡¡entirely¡¡convinced¡¡that¡¡England¡¡was¡¡on¡¡the¡¡eve¡¡of¡¡revolution£»¡¡
and¡¡pooh¡poohed¡¡my¡¡objections¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¨Three¡¡months¡¡ago¡¡I¡¡thought¡¡it¡¡would¡¡
end¡¡in¡¡all¡¡the¡¡world¡¡having¡¡to¡¡fight¡¡the¡¡centre¡¡of¡¡reaction¡¡in¡¡England¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡But¡¡
I¡¡do¡¡not¡¡think¡¡so¡¡now¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Things¡¡have¡¡gone¡¡further¡¡there¡¡than¡¡in¡¡France£»¡¡if¡¡
the¡¡news¡¡as¡¡to¡¡the¡¡extent¡¡of¡¡the¡¡strikes¡¡is¡¡true¡£¡¨¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡I¡¡¡¡¡¡pointed¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡out¡¡¡¡¡¡some¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡circumstances£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡geographical¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡
economical£»¡¡¡¡¡¡which¡¡¡¡¡¡would¡¡¡¡¡¡make¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡success¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡¡¡violent¡¡¡¡¡¡revolution¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡
England¡¡problematical¡¡in¡¡the¡¡extreme£»¡¡and¡¡put¡¡to¡¡him¡¡the¡¡same¡¡suggestion¡¡
that¡¡I¡¡put¡¡to¡¡Bucharin¡¡£¨see¡¡page¡¡81£©£»¡¡namely£»¡¡that¡¡a¡¡suppressed¡¡movement¡¡
in¡¡¡¡¡¡England¡¡¡¡¡¡would¡¡¡¡¡¡be¡¡¡¡¡¡worse¡¡¡¡¡¡for¡¡¡¡¡¡Russia¡¡¡¡¡¡than¡¡¡¡¡¡our¡¡¡¡¡¡traditional¡¡¡¡¡¡method¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡
compromise¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡He¡¡¡¡¡¡agreed¡¡¡¡¡¡at¡¡¡¡¡¡once£»¡¡¡¡¡¡but¡¡¡¡¡¡said£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¨That¡¡¡¡¡¡is¡¡¡¡¡¡quite¡¡¡¡¡¡true£»¡¡¡¡¡¡but¡¡¡¡¡¡you¡¡
cannot¡¡stop¡¡a¡¡revolution¡¡¡£¡¡¡£¡¡¡£¡¡although¡¡Ramsay¡¡MacDonald¡¡will¡¡try¡¡to¡¡at¡¡the¡¡
last¡¡¡¡¡¡minute¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Strikes¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡Soviets¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡If¡¡¡¡¡¡these¡¡¡¡¡¡two¡¡¡¡¡¡habits¡¡¡¡¡¡once¡¡¡¡¡¡get¡¡¡¡¡¡hold£»¡¡
¡¡¡Page¡¡67¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡RUSSIA¡¡IN¡¡1919¡¡
nothing¡¡¡¡¡¡will¡¡¡¡¡¡keep¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡workmen¡¡¡¡¡¡from¡¡¡¡them¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡And¡¡¡¡¡¡Soviets£»¡¡¡¡once¡¡¡¡¡¡started£»¡¡
must¡¡¡¡¡¡sooner¡¡¡¡¡¡or¡¡¡¡¡¡later¡¡¡¡¡¡come¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡supreme¡¡¡¡¡¡power¡£¡¨¡¡¡¡¡¡Then£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¨But¡¡¡¡¡¡certainly¡¡¡¡¡¡it¡¡
would¡¡¡¡¡¡be¡¡¡¡¡¡much¡¡¡¡¡¡more¡¡¡¡¡¡difficult¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡England¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Your¡¡¡¡¡¡big¡¡¡¡¡¡clerk¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡shop¡¡¡
keeping¡¡¡¡¡¡class¡¡¡¡¡¡would¡¡¡¡¡¡oppose¡¡¡¡¡¡it£»¡¡¡¡¡¡until¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡workmen¡¡¡¡¡¡broke¡¡¡¡¡¡them¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Russia¡¡
was¡¡indeed¡¡the¡¡only¡¡country¡¡in¡¡which¡¡the¡¡revolution¡¡could¡¡start¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡And¡¡we¡¡
are¡¡not¡¡yet¡¡through¡¡our¡¡troubles¡¡with¡¡the¡¡peasantry¡£¡¨¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡I¡¡suggested¡¡that¡¡one¡¡reason¡¡why¡¡it¡¡had¡¡been¡¡possible¡¡in¡¡Russia¡¡was¡¡
that¡¡they¡¡had¡¡had¡¡room¡¡to¡¡retreat¡£¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¨Yes£»¡¨¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡he¡¡¡¡¡¡said¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¨The¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡distances¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡saved¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡us¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡The¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Germans¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡were¡¡
frightened¡¡of¡¡them£»¡¡at¡¡the¡¡time¡¡when¡¡they¡¡could¡¡indeed¡¡have¡¡eaten¡¡us¡¡up£»¡¡
and¡¡won¡¡peace£»¡¡which¡¡the¡¡Allies¡¡would¡¡have¡¡given¡¡them¡¡in¡¡gratitude¡¡for¡¡
our¡¡destruction¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡A¡¡revolution¡¡in¡¡England¡¡would¡¡have¡¡nowhere¡¡whither¡¡to¡¡
retire¡£¡¨¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Of¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡Soviets¡¡¡¡¡¡he¡¡¡¡¡¡said£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¨In¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡beginning¡¡¡¡¡¡I¡¡¡¡¡¡thought¡¡¡¡¡¡they¡¡¡¡¡¡were¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡
would¡¡remain¡¡a¡¡purely¡¡Russian¡¡form£»¡¡but¡¡it¡¡is¡¡now¡¡quite¡¡clear¡¡that¡¡under¡¡
various¡¡names¡¡they¡¡must¡¡be¡¡the¡¡instruments¡¡of¡¡revolution¡¡everywhere¡£¡¨¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡He¡¡expressed¡¡the¡¡opinion¡¡that¡¡in¡¡England¡¡they¡¡would¡¡not¡¡allow¡¡me¡¡to¡¡
tell¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡truth¡¡¡¡¡¡about¡¡¡¡¡¡Russia£»¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡gave¡¡¡¡¡¡as¡¡¡¡¡¡an¡¡¡¡¡¡example¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡way¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡which¡¡
Colonel¡¡Robins¡¡had¡¡been¡¡kept¡¡silent¡¡in¡¡America¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡He¡¡asked¡¡about¡¡Robins£»¡¡
¡¨Had¡¡¡¡¡¡he¡¡¡¡¡¡really¡¡¡¡¡¡been¡¡¡¡¡¡as¡¡¡¡¡¡friendly¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡Soviet¡¡¡¡¡¡Government¡¡¡¡¡¡as¡¡¡¡¡¡he¡¡¡¡¡¡made¡¡
out£¿¡¨¡¡I¡¡said£»¡¡¡¨Yes£»¡¡if¡¡only¡¡as¡¡a¡¡sportsman¡¡admiring¡¡its¡¡pluck¡¡and¡¡courage¡¡in¡¡
difficulties¡£¡¨¡¡I¡¡quoted¡¡Robins'¡¡saying£»¡¡¡¨I¡¡can't¡¡go¡¡against¡¡a¡¡baby¡¡I¡¡have¡¡sat¡¡
up¡¡¡¡¡¡with¡¡¡¡¡¡for¡¡¡¡¡¡six¡¡¡¡¡¡months¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡But¡¡¡¡¡¡if¡¡¡¡¡¡there¡¡¡¡¡¡were¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡¡¡Bolshevik¡¡¡¡¡¡movement¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡
America¡¡I'd¡¡be¡¡out¡¡with¡¡my¡¡rifle¡¡to¡¡fight¡¡it¡¡every¡¡time¡£¡¨¡¡¡¨Now¡¡that£»¡¨¡¡said¡¡
Lenin£»¡¡¡¨is¡¡an¡¡honest¡¡man¡¡and¡¡more¡¡far¡seeing¡¡than¡¡most¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡I¡¡always¡¡liked¡¡
that¡¡¡¡¡¡man¡£¡¨¡¡¡¡¡¡He¡¡¡¡¡¡shook¡¡¡¡¡¡with¡¡¡¡¡¡laughter¡¡¡¡¡¡at¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡image¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡baby£»¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡said£»¡¡
¡¨That¡¡baby¡¡had¡¡several¡¡million¡¡other¡¡folk¡¡sitting¡¡up¡¡with¡¡it¡¡too¡£¡¨¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡He¡¡said¡¡he¡¡had¡¡read¡¡in¡¡an¡¡English¡¡socialist¡¡paper¡¡a¡¡comparison¡¡of¡¡his¡¡
own¡¡theories¡¡with¡¡those¡¡of¡¡an¡¡American£»¡¡Daniel¡¡De¡¡Leon¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡He¡¡had¡¡then¡¡
borrowed¡¡some¡¡of¡¡De¡¡Leon's¡¡pamphlets¡¡from¡¡Reinstein¡¡£¨who¡¡belongs¡¡to¡¡
the¡¡party¡¡which¡¡De¡¡Leon¡¡founded¡¡in¡¡America£©£»¡¡read¡¡them¡¡for¡¡the¡¡first¡¡time£»¡¡
and¡¡was¡¡amazed¡¡to¡¡see¡¡how¡¡far¡¡and¡¡how¡¡early¡¡De¡¡Leon¡¡had¡¡pursued¡¡the¡¡
same¡¡¡¡¡¡train¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡thought¡¡¡¡¡¡as¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡Russians¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡His¡¡¡¡¡¡theory¡¡¡¡¡¡that¡¡¡¡¡¡representation¡¡
should¡¡be¡¡by¡¡industries£»¡¡not¡¡by¡¡areas£»¡¡was¡¡already¡¡the¡¡germ¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Soviet¡¡
¡¡¡Page¡¡68¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡RUSSIA¡¡IN¡¡1919¡¡
system¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡He¡¡¡¡¡¡remembered¡¡¡¡¡¡seeing¡¡¡¡¡¡De¡¡Leon¡¡¡¡¡¡at¡¡¡¡¡¡an¡¡¡¡¡¡International¡¡¡¡¡¡Conference¡£¡¡
De¡¡Leon¡¡made¡¡no¡¡impression¡¡at¡¡all£»¡¡a¡¡grey¡¡old¡¡man£»¡¡quite¡¡unable¡¡to¡¡speak¡¡
to¡¡¡¡¡¡such¡¡¡¡¡¡an¡¡¡¡¡¡audience£º¡¡¡¡¡¡but¡¡¡¡¡¡evidently¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡¡¡much¡¡¡¡¡¡bigger¡¡¡¡¡¡man¡¡¡¡¡¡than¡¡¡¡¡¡he¡¡¡¡¡¡looked£»¡¡
since¡¡¡¡¡¡his¡¡¡¡¡¡pamphlets¡¡¡¡¡¡were¡¡¡¡¡¡written¡¡¡¡¡¡before¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡experience¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡Russian¡¡
Revolution¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡1905¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Some¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡days¡¡¡¡¡¡afterwards¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡I¡¡¡¡¡¡noticed¡¡¡¡¡¡that¡¡¡¡Lenin¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡had¡¡
introduced¡¡a¡¡few¡¡phrases¡¡of¡¡De¡¡Leon£»¡¡as¡¡if¡¡to¡¡do¡¡honour¡¡to¡¡his¡¡memory£»¡¡
into¡¡the¡¡draft¡¡for¡¡the¡¡new¡¡programme¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Communist¡¡party¡£¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Talking¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡lies¡¡¡¡that¡¡¡¡¡¡are¡¡¡¡¡¡told¡¡¡¡¡¡about¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Russia£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡he¡¡¡¡¡¡said¡¡¡¡¡¡it¡¡¡¡was¡¡
interesting¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡notice¡¡¡¡¡¡that¡¡¡¡¡¡they¡¡¡¡¡¡were¡¡¡¡¡¡mostly¡¡¡¡¡¡perversions¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡truth¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡not¡¡
pure¡¡¡¡¡¡inventions£»¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡gave¡¡¡¡¡¡as¡¡¡¡¡¡an¡¡¡¡¡¡example¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡recent¡¡¡¡¡¡story¡¡¡¡¡¡that¡¡¡¡¡¡he¡¡¡¡¡¡had¡¡
recanted¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¨Do¡¡you¡¡know¡¡the¡¡origin¡¡of¡¡that£¿¡¨¡¡he¡¡said¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¨I¡¡was¡¡wishing¡¡a¡¡
happy¡¡New¡¡Year¡¡to¡¡a¡¡friend¡¡over¡¡the¡¡telephone£»¡¡and¡¡said¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡'And¡¡may¡¡we¡¡
commit¡¡fewer¡¡stupidities¡¡this¡¡year¡¡than¡¡last£¡'¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Some¡¡one¡¡overheard¡¡it¡¡and¡¡
told¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡some¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡one¡¡¡¡¡¡else¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡A¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡newspaper¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡announced¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Lenin¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡says¡¡¡¡¡¡we¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡are¡¡
committing¡¡stupidities'¡¡and¡¡so¡¡the¡¡story¡¡started¡£¡¨¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡More¡¡than¡¡¡¡¡¡ever£»¡¡¡¡Lenin¡¡struck¡¡¡¡¡¡me¡¡¡¡¡¡as¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡¡¡happy¡¡¡¡man¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Walking¡¡home¡¡
from¡¡the¡¡Kremlin£»¡¡I¡¡tried¡¡to¡¡think¡¡of¡¡any¡¡other¡¡man¡¡of¡¡his¡¡calibre¡¡who¡¡had¡¡
had¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡¡¡similar¡¡¡¡¡¡joyous¡¡¡¡¡¡temperament¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡I¡¡¡¡¡¡could¡¡¡¡¡¡think¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡none¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡This¡¡¡¡¡¡little£»¡¡
bald¡headed£»¡¡wrinkled¡¡man£»¡¡who¡¡tilts¡¡his¡¡chair¡¡this¡¡way¡¡and¡¡that£»¡¡laughing¡¡
over¡¡one¡¡thing¡¡or¡¡another£»¡¡ready¡¡any¡¡minute¡¡to¡¡give¡¡