Ì«×ÓүС˵Íø > Ó¢Óïµç×ÓÊé > russia in 1919(1919µÄ¶í¹ú) >

µÚ17½Ú

russia in 1919(1919µÄ¶í¹ú)-µÚ17½Ú

С˵£º russia in 1919(1919µÄ¶í¹ú) ×ÖÊý£º ÿҳ4000×Ö

°´¼üÅÌÉÏ·½Ïò¼ü ¡û »ò ¡ú ¿É¿ìËÙÉÏÏ·­Ò³£¬°´¼üÅÌÉ쵀 Enter ¼ü¿É»Øµ½±¾ÊéĿ¼ҳ£¬°´¼üÅÌÉÏ·½Ïò¼ü ¡ü ¿É»Øµ½±¾Ò³¶¥²¿£¡
¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ªÎ´ÔĶÁÍꣿ¼ÓÈëÊéÇ©ÒѱãÏ´μÌÐøÔĶÁ£¡




so¡¡far¡¡as¡¡that¡¡is¡¡allowed¡¡by¡¡war¡¡on¡¡all¡¡its¡¡frontiers£»¡¡and¡¡that¡¡the¡¡population¡¡

is¡¡settling¡¡down¡¡under¡¡the¡¡new¡¡regime£»¡¡was¡¡confirmed¡¡by¡¡the¡¡meeting¡¡of¡¡

the¡¡¡¡¡¡Executive¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Committee¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡which¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡definitely¡¡¡¡¡¡limited¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡powers¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡

Extraordinary¡¡¡¡Commission¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Before¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡sitting¡¡¡¡¡¡was¡¡¡¡¡¡opened¡¡¡¡¡¡I¡¡¡¡¡¡had¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡¡¡few¡¡

words¡¡¡¡¡¡with¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Peters¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡with¡¡¡¡Krylenko¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡The¡¡¡¡¡¡excitement¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡internal¡¡

struggle¡¡was¡¡over¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡It¡¡had¡¡been¡¡bitterly¡¡fought¡¡within¡¡the¡¡party£»¡¡and¡¡both¡¡

Krylenko¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡Revolutionary¡¡¡¡Tribunal¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡Peters¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡Extraordinary¡¡

Commission¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡were¡¡¡¡¡¡there¡¡¡¡¡¡merely¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡witness¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡official¡¡¡¡¡¡act¡¡¡¡that¡¡¡¡would¡¡

define¡¡¡¡¡¡their¡¡¡¡¡¡new¡¡¡¡¡¡position¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡Peters¡¡¡¡¡¡talked¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡his¡¡¡¡¡¡failure¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡get¡¡¡¡¡¡away¡¡¡¡¡¡for¡¡

some¡¡shooting£»¡¡Krylenko¡¡jeered¡¡at¡¡me¡¡for¡¡having¡¡refused¡¡to¡¡believe¡¡in¡¡the¡¡

Lockhart¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡conspiracy¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Neither¡¡¡¡¡¡showed¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡any¡¡¡¡¡¡traces¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡bitter¡¡¡¡struggle¡¡

waged¡¡within¡¡the¡¡party¡¡for¡¡and¡¡against¡¡the¡¡almost¡¡dictatorial¡¡powers¡¡of¡¡the¡¡

Extraordinary¡¡Commission¡¡for¡¡dealing¡¡with¡¡counter¡­revolution¡£¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡The¡¡sitting¡¡opened¡¡with¡¡a¡¡report¡¡by¡¡Dserzhinsky£»¡¡that¡¡strange¡¡ascetic¡¡

who£»¡¡¡¡¡¡when¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡prison¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡Warsaw£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡insisted¡¡¡¡¡¡on¡¡¡¡¡¡doing¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡dirty¡¡¡¡¡¡work¡¡¡¡of¡¡

emptying¡¡the¡¡slops¡¡and¡¡cleaning¡¡other¡¡people's¡¡cells¡¡besides¡¡his¡¡own£»¡¡on¡¡a¡¡

theory¡¡¡¡¡¡that¡¡¡¡¡¡one¡¡¡¡¡¡man¡¡¡¡¡¡should¡¡¡¡¡¡where¡¡¡¡¡¡possible¡¡¡¡¡¡take¡¡¡¡¡¡upon¡¡¡¡¡¡himself¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡evil¡¡

which¡¡¡¡¡¡would¡¡¡¡¡¡otherwise¡¡¡¡¡¡have¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡be¡¡¡¡¡¡shared¡¡¡¡¡¡by¡¡¡¡¡¡all£»¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡dangerous¡¡

beginning¡¡of¡¡the¡¡revolution¡¡had¡¡taken¡¡upon¡¡himself¡¡the¡¡most¡¡unpopular¡¡of¡¡

all¡¡¡¡¡¡posts£»¡¡¡¡¡¡that¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡President¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡Extraordinary¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Commission¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡His¡¡

personal¡¡uprightness¡¡is¡¡the¡¡complement¡¡of¡¡an¡¡absolute¡¡personal¡¡courage£»¡¡

shown¡¡again¡¡and¡¡again¡¡during¡¡the¡¡last¡¡eighteen¡¡months¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡At¡¡the¡¡time¡¡of¡¡

the¡¡¡¡¡¡Left¡¡¡¡¡¡Social¡¡¡¡¡¡Revolutionary¡¡¡¡¡¡mutiny¡¡¡¡¡¡he¡¡¡¡¡¡went¡¡¡¡¡¡without¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡¡¡guard¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡

headquarters¡¡of¡¡the¡¡mutineers£»¡¡believing¡¡that¡¡he¡¡could¡¡bring¡¡them¡¡to¡¡reason£»¡¡

and¡¡when¡¡arrested¡¡by¡¡them¡¡dared¡¡them¡¡to¡¡shoot¡¡him¡¡and¡¡showed¡¡so¡¡bold¡¡a¡¡

front¡¡that¡¡in¡¡the¡¡end¡¡the¡¡soldiers¡¡set¡¡to¡¡watch¡¡him¡¡set¡¡him¡¡free¡¡and¡¡returned¡¡


¡­¡¡Page¡¡62¡­

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡RUSSIA¡¡IN¡¡1919¡¡



to¡¡their¡¡allegiance¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡This¡¡thin£»¡¡tallish¡¡man£»¡¡with¡¡a¡¡fanatic¡¡face¡¡not¡¡unlike¡¡

some¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡traditional¡¡¡¡¡¡portraits¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡St¡£¡¡¡¡Francis£»¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡terror¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡counter¡­¡¡

revolutionaries¡¡and¡¡criminals¡¡alike£»¡¡is¡¡a¡¡very¡¡bad¡¡speaker¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡He¡¡looks¡¡into¡¡

the¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡air¡¡¡¡over¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡heads¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡his¡¡¡¡audience¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡talks¡¡¡¡as¡¡¡¡¡¡if¡¡¡¡he¡¡¡¡were¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡not¡¡

addressing¡¡¡¡¡¡them¡¡¡¡¡¡at¡¡¡¡¡¡all¡¡¡¡¡¡but¡¡¡¡¡¡some¡¡¡¡¡¡one¡¡¡¡¡¡else¡¡¡¡¡¡unseen¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡He¡¡¡¡¡¡talks¡¡¡¡¡¡even¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡

subject¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡which¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡he¡¡¡¡¡¡knows¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡perfectly¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡with¡¡¡¡¡¡curious¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡inability¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡form¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡his¡¡

sentences£»¡¡¡¡¡¡stops£»¡¡¡¡¡¡changes¡¡¡¡¡¡words£»¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡often£»¡¡¡¡¡¡recognizing¡¡¡¡¡¡that¡¡¡¡¡¡he¡¡¡¡¡¡cannot¡¡

finish¡¡his¡¡sentence£»¡¡ends¡¡where¡¡he¡¡is£»¡¡in¡¡the¡¡middle¡¡of¡¡it£»¡¡with¡¡a¡¡little¡¡odd£»¡¡

deprecating¡¡emphasis£»¡¡as¡¡if¡¡to¡¡say£º¡¡¡¨At¡¡this¡¡point¡¡there¡¡is¡¡a¡¡full¡¡stop¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡At¡¡

least¡¡so¡¡it¡¡seems¡£¡¨¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡He¡¡gave¡¡a¡¡short¡¡colourless¡¡sketch¡¡of¡¡the¡¡history¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Extraordinary¡¡

Commission¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡He¡¡referred¡¡to¡¡the¡¡various¡¡crises¡¡with¡¡which¡¡it¡¡had¡¡had¡¡to¡¡

deal£»¡¡beginning¡¡with¡¡the¡¡drunken¡¡pogroms¡¡in¡¡Petrograd£»¡¡the¡¡suppression¡¡of¡¡

the¡¡combined¡¡anarchists¡¡and¡¡criminals¡¡in¡¡Moscow¡¡£¨he¡¡mentioned¡¡that¡¡after¡¡

that¡¡four¡¡hours'¡¡struggle¡¡which¡¡ended¡¡in¡¡the¡¡clearing¡¡out¡¡of¡¡the¡¡anarchists'¡¡

strongholds£»¡¡criminality¡¡in¡¡Moscow¡¡decreased¡¡by¡¡80¡¡per¡¡cent¡££©£»¡¡to¡¡the¡¡days¡¡

of¡¡the¡¡Terror¡¡when£»¡¡now¡¡here£»¡¡now¡¡there£»¡¡armed¡¡risings¡¡against¡¡the¡¡Soviet¡¡

were¡¡¡¡¡¡engineered¡¡¡¡¡¡by¡¡¡¡¡¡foreigners¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡by¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡counter¡­revolutionaries¡¡¡¡¡¡working¡¡

with¡¡¡¡¡¡them¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡He¡¡¡¡¡¡then¡¡¡¡¡¡made¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡point¡¡¡¡¡¡that¡¡¡¡¡¡throughout¡¡¡¡¡¡all¡¡¡¡¡¡this¡¡¡¡¡¡time¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡

revolution¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡had¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡been¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡threatened¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡by¡¡¡¡¡¡large¡­scale¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡revolts¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Now¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡

revolution¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡was¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡safe¡¡¡¡¡¡from¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡such¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡things¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡was¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡threatened¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡only¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡by¡¡

individual¡¡treacheries¡¡of¡¡various¡¡kinds£»¡¡not¡¡by¡¡things¡¡which¡¡needed¡¡action¡¡

on¡¡a¡¡large¡¡scale¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡They¡¡had¡¡¡¡¡¡traitors£»¡¡no¡¡doubt£»¡¡¡¡in¡¡the¡¡Soviet¡¡¡¡¡¡institutions¡¡

who¡¡were¡¡waiting¡¡for¡¡the¡¡day¡¡£¨which¡¡would¡¡never¡¡come£©¡¡to¡¡join¡¡with¡¡their¡¡

enemies£»¡¡and¡¡meanwhile¡¡were¡¡secretly¡¡hampering¡¡their¡¡work¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡They¡¡did¡¡

not¡¡¡¡¡¡need¡¡¡¡¡¡on¡¡¡¡¡¡that¡¡¡¡¡¡account¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡destroy¡¡¡¡¡¡their¡¡¡¡¡¡institutions¡¡¡¡¡¡as¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡¡¡whole¡£¡¡The¡¡

struggle¡¡¡¡¡¡with¡¡¡¡¡¡counter¡­revolution¡¡¡¡¡¡had¡¡¡¡¡¡passed¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡¡¡new¡¡¡¡¡¡stage¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡They¡¡¡¡¡¡no¡¡

longer¡¡had¡¡to¡¡do¡¡open¡¡battle¡¡with¡¡open¡¡enemies£»¡¡they¡¡had¡¡merely¡¡to¡¡guard¡¡

themselves¡¡against¡¡individuals¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡The¡¡laws¡¡of¡¡war¡¡by¡¡which£»¡¡meeting¡¡him¡¡

on¡¡the¡¡field¡¡of¡¡battle£»¡¡the¡¡soldier¡¡had¡¡a¡¡right¡¡to¡¡kill¡¡his¡¡enemy¡¡without¡¡trial£»¡¡

no¡¡longer¡¡held¡¡good¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡The¡¡situation¡¡was¡¡now¡¡that¡¡of¡¡peace£»¡¡where¡¡each¡¡

offender¡¡must¡¡have¡¡his¡¡guilt¡¡proved¡¡before¡¡a¡¡court¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Therefore¡¡the¡¡right¡¡of¡¡

sentencing¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡was¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡removed¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡from¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡Extraordinary¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Commission£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡but¡¡¡¡¡¡if£»¡¡

through¡¡unforeseen¡¡circumstances£»¡¡the¡¡old¡¡conditions¡¡should¡¡return£»¡¡they¡¡


¡­¡¡Page¡¡63¡­

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡RUSSIA¡¡IN¡¡1919¡¡



intended¡¡that¡¡the¡¡dictatorial¡¡powers¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Commission¡¡should¡¡be¡¡restored¡¡

to¡¡it¡¡until¡¡those¡¡conditions¡¡had¡¡ceased¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Thus¡¡if£»¡¡in¡¡case¡¡of¡¡armed¡¡counter¡­¡¡

revolution£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡¡¡district¡¡¡¡were¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡declared¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡be¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡¡¡state¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡war£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡

Extraordinary¡¡Commission¡¡would¡¡resume¡¡its¡¡old¡¡powers¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Otherwise¡¡its¡¡

business¡¡¡¡¡¡would¡¡¡¡¡¡be¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡hand¡¡¡¡¡¡offenders£»¡¡¡¡¡¡such¡¡¡¡¡¡as¡¡¡¡¡¡Soviet¡¡¡¡¡¡officials¡¡¡¡¡¡who¡¡¡¡¡¡were¡¡

habitually¡¡late¡¡£¨here¡¡there¡¡was¡¡a¡¡laugh£»¡¡the¡¡only¡¡sign¡¡throughout¡¡his¡¡speech¡¡

that¡¡¡¡¡¡Dserzhinsky¡¡¡¡was¡¡¡¡¡¡holding¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡attention¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡his¡¡¡¡¡¡audience£©£»¡¡¡¡¡¡over¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡

Revolutionary¡¡Tribunal£»¡¡which¡¡would¡¡try¡¡them¡¡and£»¡¡should¡¡their¡¡guilt¡¡be¡¡

proved£»¡¡put¡¡them¡¡in¡¡concentration¡¡camps¡¡to¡¡learn¡¡to¡¡work¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡He¡¡read¡¡point¡¡

by¡¡point¡¡the¡¡resolutions¡¡establishing¡¡these£»¡¡changes¡¡and¡¡providing¡¡for¡¡the¡¡

formation¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡Revolutionary¡¡Tribunals¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Trial¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡take¡¡¡¡¡¡place¡¡¡¡within¡¡¡¡¡¡forty¡­¡¡

eight¡¡hours¡¡after¡¡the¡¡conclusion¡¡of¡¡the¡¡investigation£»¡¡and¡¡the¡¡investigation¡¡

to¡¡take¡¡not¡¡longer¡¡than¡¡a¡¡month¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡He¡¡ended¡¡as¡¡he¡¡ended¡¡his¡¡sentences£»¡¡as¡¡

if¡¡¡¡¡¡by¡¡¡¡¡¡accident£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡people¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡scarcely¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡realized¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡he¡¡¡¡¡¡had¡¡¡¡¡¡finished¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡before¡¡

Sverdlov¡¡announced¡¡the¡¡next¡¡speaker¡£¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Krylenko¡¡proposed¡¡an¡¡amendment¡¡to¡¡ensure¡¡that¡¡no¡¡member¡¡of¡¡the¡¡

Revolutionary¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Tribunal¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡could¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡be¡¡¡¡also¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡member¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡Extraordinary¡¡

Commission¡¡which¡¡had¡¡taken¡¡up¡¡and¡¡investigated¡¡a¡¡case¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡His¡¡speech¡¡was¡¡

very¡¡¡¡¡¡disappointing¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡He¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡is¡¡¡¡not¡¡¡¡¡¡at¡¡¡¡his¡¡¡¡best¡¡¡¡¡¡when¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡addressing¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡serious¡¡

meeting¡¡like¡¡that¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Executive¡¡Committee¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡The¡¡Krylenko¡¡who¡¡spoke¡¡

to¡­night£»¡¡¡¡¡¡fluently£»¡¡¡¡¡¡clearly£»¡¡¡¡¡¡but¡¡¡¡¡¡without¡¡¡¡¡¡particular¡¡¡¡¡¡art£»¡¡¡¡¡¡is¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡¡¡very¡¡¡¡¡¡different¡¡

Krylenko¡¡from¡¡the¡¡virtuoso¡¡in¡¡mob¡¡oratory£»¡¡the¡¡little£»¡¡dangerous£»¡¡¡¡elderly¡¡

man¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡ensign's¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡uniform¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡who¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡swayed¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡soldiers'¡¡¡¡¡¡mass¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡meetings¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡

Petrograd¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡year¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡half¡¡¡¡¡¡ago¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡I¡¡¡¡¡¡remember¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡hearing¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡him¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡speak¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡

barracks¡¡soon¡¡after¡¡the¡¡murder¡¡of¡¡Shingarev¡¡and¡¡Kokoshkin£»¡¡urging¡¡class¡¡

struggle¡¡and¡¡at¡¡the¡¡same¡¡time¡¡explaining¡¡the¡¡difference¡¡between¡¡that¡¡and¡¡

the¡¡¡¡¡¡murder¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡sick¡¡¡¡¡¡men¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡bed¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡He¡¡¡¡¡¡referred¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡murder¡¡¡¡¡¡and£»¡¡¡¡¡¡while¡¡

continuing¡¡his¡¡speech£»¡¡talking¡¡already¡¡of¡¡another¡¡subject£»¡¡be¡¡went¡¡through¡¡

the¡¡actions¡¡of¡¡a¡¡man¡¡approaching¡¡a¡¡bed¡¡and¡¡killing¡¡a¡¡sleeper¡¡with¡¡a¡¡pistol¡£¡¡

It¡¡was¡¡a¡¡trick£»¡¡of¡¡course£»¡¡but¡¡the¡¡thrilling£»¡¡horrible¡¡effect¡¡of¡¡it¡¡moved¡¡the¡¡

whole¡¡¡¡¡¡audience¡¡¡¡¡¡with¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡¡¡shudder¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡disgust¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡There¡¡¡¡¡¡was¡¡¡¡¡¡nothing¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡this¡¡

kind¡¡in¡¡his¡¡short¡¡lecture¡¡on¡¡jurisprudence¡¡to¡­night¡£¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Avanesov£»¡¡the¡¡tall£»¡¡dark¡¡secretary¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Executive¡¡Committee£»¡¡with¡¡

the¡¡¡¡¡¡face¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡¡¡big£»¡¡¡¡¡¡benevolent¡¡¡¡¡¡hawk¡¡¡¡¡¡hooded¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡long¡¡¡¡¡¡black¡¡¡¡¡¡hair£»¡¡¡¡¡¡opposed¡¡


¡­¡¡Page¡¡64¡­

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡RUSSIA¡¡IN¡¡1919¡¡



Krylenko¡¡on¡¡the¡¡ground¡¡that¡¡there¡¡were¡¡not¡¡enough¡¡trustworthy¡¡workers¡¡to¡¡

ensure¡¡¡¡¡¡that¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡country¡¡¡¡¡¡districts¡¡¡¡¡¡such¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡¡¡provision¡¡¡¡¡¡could¡¡¡¡¡¡be¡¡¡¡¡¡carried¡¡¡¡¡¡out¡£¡¡

Finally¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡resolution¡¡¡¡¡¡was¡¡¡¡¡¡passed¡¡¡¡¡¡as¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡¡¡whole¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡amendment¡¡¡¡¡¡was¡¡

referred¡¡to¡¡the¡¡judgment¡¡of¡¡the¡¡presidium¡£¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡The¡¡Committee¡¡next¡¡passed¡¡to¡¡the¡¡consideration¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Extraordinary¡¡

Tax¡¡levied¡¡on¡¡the¡¡propertied¡¡classes¡£¡¡Krestinsky£»¡¡Commissary¡¡of¡¡Finance£»¡¡

made¡¡his¡¡report¡¡to¡¡a¡¡grim¡¡audience£»¡¡many¡¡of¡¡whom¡¡quite¡¡frankly¡¡regarded¡¡

the¡¡tax¡¡¡¡¡¡as¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡political¡¡¡¡¡¡mistake¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Krestinsky¡¡¡¡is¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡¡¡short£»¡¡¡¡humorous¡¡¡¡¡¡man£»¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡

dark¡¡spectacles£»¡¡dressed¡¡more¡¡like¡¡a¡¡banker¡¡than¡¡like¡¡a¡¡Bolshevik¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡It¡¡was¡¡

clear¡¡that¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡collection¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡tax¡¡¡¡¡¡had¡¡¡¡¡¡not¡¡¡¡¡¡been¡¡¡¡¡¡as¡¡¡¡¡¡successful¡¡¡¡¡¡as¡¡¡¡¡¡he¡¡¡¡¡¡had¡¡

previously¡¡¡¡¡¡suggested¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡I¡¡¡¡¡¡was¡¡¡¡¡¡interested¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡his¡¡¡¡¡¡reference

·µ»ØĿ¼ ÉÏÒ»Ò³ ÏÂÒ»Ò³ »Øµ½¶¥²¿ ÔÞ£¨0£© ²È£¨0£©

Äã¿ÉÄÜϲ»¶µÄ