aeroplanes and dirigibles of war-第6节
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The King of Wurtemberg took a personal interest in his subject's
uphill struggle; and the Wurtemberg Government granted him the
proceeds of a lottery。 With this money; and with what he
succeeded in raising by hook and by crook; and by mortgaging
his remaining property; a round L20;000 was obtained。 With this
capital a third ship was taken in hand; and in 1905 it was
launched。 It was a distinct improvement upon its predecessors。
The airship was 414 feet in length by 38 feet in diameter; was
equipped with 17 gas balloons having an aggregate capacity of
367;000 cubic feet of hydrogen; was equipped with two 85
horse…power motors driving four propellers; and displaced 9 tons。
All the imperfections incidental to the previous craft had been
eliminated; while the ship followed improved lines in its
mechanical and structural details。
The trials with this vessel commenced on November 30th; 1905; but
ill…luck had not been eluded。 The airship was moored upon a raft
which was to be towed out into the lake to enable the dirigible
to ascend。 But something went wrong with the arrangements。 A
strong wind caught the ungainly airship; she dipped her nose into
the water; and as the motor was set going she was driven deeper
into the lake; the vessel only being saved by hurried deflation。
Six weeks were occupied in repairs; but another ascent was made
on January 17th; 1906。 The trials were fairly satisfactory; but
inconclusive。 One of the motors went wrong; and the longitudinal
stability was found to be indifferent。 The vessel was brought
down; and was to be anchored; but the Fates ruled otherwise。 A
strong wind caught her during the night and she was speedily
reduced to indistinguishable scrap。
Despite catastrophe the inventor wrestled gamely with his
project。 The lessons taught by one disaster were taken to heart;
and arrangements to prevent the recurrence thereof incorporated
in the succeeding craft。 Unfortunately; however; as soon as
one defect was remedied another asserted itself。 It was this
persistent revelation of the unexpected which caused another
period of indifference towards his invention。 Probably nothing
more would have been heard of the Zeppelin after this last
accident had it not been for the intervention of the Prussian
Government at the direct instigation of the Kaiser; who had now
taken Count Zeppelin under his wing。 A State lottery was
inaugurated; the proceeds of which were handed over to the
indefatigable inventor; together with an assurance that if he
could keep aloft 24 hours without coming to earth in the
meantime; and could cover 450 miles within this period; the
Government would repay the whole of the money he had lavished
upon his idea; and liquidate all the debts he had incurred
in connection therewith。
Another craft was built; larger than its predecessors; and
equipped with two motors developing 170 horse…power。 Upon
completion it was submitted to several preliminary flights; which
were so eminently successful that the inventor decided to make a
trial trip under conditions closely analogous to those imposed
for the Government test。 On June 20th; 1908; at 8:26 a。m。 the
craft ascended and remained aloft for 12 hours; during which time
it made an encouraging circular tour。 Flushed with this success;
the Count considered that the official award was within reach;
and that all his previous disasters and misfortunes were on the
eve of redemption。
The crucial test was essayed on August 5th; 1908。 Accompanied by
twelve observers the vessel ascended and travelled without
incident for eight hours。 Then a slight mishap demanded
attention; but was speedily repaired; and was ignored officially
as being too trivial to influence the main issue。 Victory
appeared within measurable distance: the arduous toil of many
patient years was about to be rewarded。 The airship was within
sight of home when it had to descend owing to the development of
another motor fault。 But as it approached the ground; Nature; as
if infuriated at the conquest; rose up in rebellion。 A sudden
squall struck the unwieldy monster。 Within a few moments it
became unmanageable; and through some inscrutable cause; it
caught fire; with the result that within a few moments it was
reduced to a tangled mass of metallic framework。
It was a catastrophe that would have completely vanquished many
an inventor; but the Count was saved the gall of defeat。 His
flight; which was remarkable; inasmuch as he had covered 380
miles within 24 hours; including two unavoidable descents; struck
the Teuton imagination。 The seeds so carefully planted by the
〃Most High of Prussia〃 now bore fruit。 The German nation
sympathised with the indomitable inventor; appreciated his
genius; and promptly poured forth a stream of subscriptions to
enable him to build another vessel。 The intimation that other
Powers had approached the Count for the acquisition of his idea
became known far and wide; together with the circumstance that
he had unequivocally refused all offers。 He was striving for the
Fatherland; and his unselfish patriotism appealed to one and all。
Such an attitude deserved hearty national appreciation; and the
members of the great German public emptied their pockets to such
a degree that within a few weeks a sum of L300;000 or 1;500;000
was voluntarily subscribed。
All financial embarrassments and distresses were now completely
removed from the Count's mind。 He could forge ahead untrammelled
by anxiety and worry。 Another Zeppelin was built and it created
a world's record。 It remained aloft for 38 hours; during which
time it covered 690 miles; and; although it came to grief upon
alighting; by colliding with a tree; the final incident passed
unnoticed。 Germany was in advance of the world。 It had an
airship which could go anywhere; irrespective of climatic
conditions; and in true Teuton perspective the craft was viewed
from the military standpoint。 Here was a means of obtaining the
mastery of the air: a formidable engine of invasion and aerial
attack had been perfected。 Consequently the Grand Idea must be
supported with unbounded enthusiasm。 The Count was hailed by his
august master as 〃The greatest German of the twentieth century;〃
and in this appreciation the populace wholeheartedly concurred。
Whether such a panegyric from such an auspicious quarter is praise
indeed or the equivalent of complete condemnation; history alone
will be able to judge; but when one reflects; at this moment; upon
the achievements of this aircraft during the present conflagration;
the unprejudiced will be rather inclined to hazard the opinion
that Imperial Teuton praise is a synonym for damnation。
Although the Zeppelin was accepted as a perfect machine it has
never been possible to disperse the atmosphere of disaster with
which it has been enveloped from the first。 Vessel after vessel
has gone up in smoke and flame: few craft of this type have
enjoyed more than an evanescent existence; and each successive
catastrophe has proved more terrible than its predecessor。 But
the Teutonic nation has been induced to pin its whole faith on
this airship; notwithstanding that the more levelheaded engineers
of other countries have always maintained the craft to be a
〃mechanical monstrosity〃 condemned from its design and principles
of construction to disaster。 Unshaken by this adverse criticism;
Germany rests assured that by means of its Zeppelins it will
achieve that universal supremacy which it is convinced is its
Destiny。
This blind child…like faith has been responsible for the
establishment and development of the Zeppelin factories。 At
Friedrichshafen the facilities are adequate to produce two of
these vessels per month; while another factory of a similar
capacity has been established at Berlin。 Unfortunately such big
craft demand large docks to accommodate them; and in turn a large
structure of this character constitutes an easy mark for hostile
attack; as the raiding airmen of the Allies have proved very
convincingly。
But the Zeppelin must not be under…rated。 Magnificent
performances have been recorded by these vessels; such as the
round 1;000 miles' trip in 1909; and several other equally
brilliant feats since that date。 It is quite true that each
astounding achievement has been attended by an equally stupendous
accident; but that is accepted as a mere incidental detail by the
faithful Teutonic nation。 Many vivid prophecies of the
forthcoming flights by Zeppelin have been uttered; and it is
quite probable that more than one will be fulfilled; but success
will be attributable rather to accident than design。
Although the Zeppelin is the main stake of the German people in
matters pertaining to aerial conquest; other types of airships
have not been ignored; as related in another chapter。 They have
been fostered upon a s