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step。  When they shall once have entered within it; when the key



shall have been turned upon their spirit and have confined them



in narrower straits than even Puritanism could have done; it will



be left for them to find; in their blind obedience and passive



submission; the recompense for the singleness of character; the



foresight; and the energy; that they have left behind them。







In almost every phase of life; this doctrine of political



altruists is equally impracticable and pernicious。  In its social



results; it involves the substitution of the community in the



family's present position。  In its political aspects; it involves



the absolute dominion of the State over the actions and property



of its subjects。  Thus; though claiming to be an exaltation of



the so…called natural rights of liberty and equality; it is in



reality their emphatic debasement。  It teaches that thoughtless



docility is a recompense for stunted enterprise。  It magnifies



material good at the cost of every rational endowment。  It



inculcates a self…denial that must result in dwarfing the



individual to a mere instrument in the hands of the State for the



benefit of his fellows。  No such organization of society…no



organization that fails to take note of the fact that man must



have scope for the exercise and development of his faculties…no



such organization of society can ever reach a permanent success。



However beneficent its motives; the hypothesis with which it



starts can never be realized。  The aphorism of Emerson; 〃Churches



have been built; not upon principles; but upon tropes;〃 is as



true in the field of politics as it is in the field of religion。



In a like figurative spirit; the followers of communism have



reared their edifice; and; looking back upon the finished



structure; seeking to discern the base on which it rests; the



critic finds; not principles; but tropes。  The builders have



appealed to a future that has no warrant in the past; and fixing



their gaze upon the distant dreamland; captivated by the vision



there beheld; entranced by its ideal effulgence; their eyes were



blinded to the real conditions of the human problem they had set



before them。  Their enemies have not been slow to note such



weakness and mistake; and perhaps it may serve to clear up



misconceptions; perhaps it may serve to lessen cant and open the



way for fresh and vigorous thought; if we shall once convince



ourselves that altruism cannot be the rule of life; that its



logical result is the dwarfing of the individual man; and that



not by the death of human personality can we hope to banish the



evils of our day; and to realize the ideal of all existence; a



nobler or purer life。























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