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the¡¡common¡¡man¡£¡¡
¡¡
Chapter¡¡2¡¡
¡¡
The¡¡Stability¡¡of¡¡Law¡¡and¡¡Custom¡¡
¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡In¡¡so¡¡far¡¡as¡¡concerns¡¡the¡¡present¡¡question£»¡¡that¡¡is¡¡to¡¡say¡¡as¡¡
regards¡¡those¡¡standards¡¡and¡¡principles¡¡which¡¡underlie¡¡the¡¡
established¡¡system¡¡of¡¡law¡¡and¡¡custom£»¡¡the¡¡modern¡¡point¡¡of¡¡view¡¡
was¡¡stabilised¡¡and¡¡given¡¡a¡¡definitive¡¡formulation¡¡in¡¡the¡¡
eighteenth¡¡century£»¡¡and¡¡in¡¡so¡¡far¡¡as¡¡concerns¡¡the¡¡subsequent¡¡
conduct¡¡of¡¡practical¡¡affairs£»¡¡its¡¡constituent¡¡principles¡¡have¡¡
stood¡¡over¡¡without¡¡material¡¡change¡¡or¡¡revision¡¡since¡¡that¡¡time¡£¡¡
So¡¡that¡¡for¡¡practical¡¡purposes¡¡it¡¡is¡¡fair¡¡to¡¡say¡¡that¡¡the¡¡modern¡¡
point¡¡of¡¡view¡¡is¡¡now¡¡some¡¡one¡¡hundred¡¡and¡¡fifty¡¡years¡¡old¡£¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡It¡¡will¡¡not¡¡do¡¡to¡¡say¡¡that¡¡it¡¡is¡¡that¡¡much¡¡behind¡¡the¡¡times£»¡¡
because¡¡its¡¡time¡­worn¡¡standards¡¡of¡¡truth¡¡and¡¡validity¡¡are¡¡a¡¡very¡¡
material¡¡factor¡¡in¡¡the¡¡makeup¡¡of¡¡¡¨our¡¡time¡£¡¨¡¡That¡¡such¡¡is¡¡the¡¡
case¡¡is¡¡due¡¡in¡¡great¡¡part¡¡to¡¡the¡¡fact¡¡that¡¡this¡¡body¡¡of¡¡
principles¡¡was¡¡stabilised¡¡at¡¡that¡¡time¡¡and¡¡that¡¡they¡¡have¡¡
therefore¡¡stood¡¡over¡¡intact£»¡¡in¡¡spite¡¡of¡¡other¡¡changes¡¡that¡¡have¡¡
taken¡¡place¡£¡¡It¡¡is¡¡only¡¡that¡¡the¡¡principles¡¡which¡¡had¡¡been¡¡tested¡¡
and¡¡found¡¡good¡¡under¡¡the¡¡conditions¡¡of¡¡life¡¡in¡¡the¡¡modern¡¡era¡¡up¡¡
to¡¡that¡¡time¡¡were¡¡at¡¡that¡¡time¡¡held¡¡fast£»¡¡canvassed£»¡¡defined£»¡¡
approved£»¡¡and¡¡stabilised¡¡by¡¡being¡¡reduced¡¡to¡¡documentary¡¡form¡£¡¡In¡¡
some¡¡sense¡¡they¡¡were¡¡then¡¡written¡¡int

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