the commonwealth of oceana-第60节

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　nature　or　reason；　which；　being　the　image　of　God；　makes　it　a　kind　of　murder；　here　is　that　empire　whence　'justice　shall　run　down　like　a　river；　and　judgment　like　a　mighty　stream。'　Who　is　it　then　that　calls　us？　or；　what　is　in　our　way？　A　lion！　Is　it　not　the　dragon；　that　old　serpent？　For　what　wretched　shifts　are　these？　Here　is　a　great　deal；　might　we　not　have　some　of　this　at　one　time；　and　some　at　another？

〃My　lords；　permit　me　to　give　you　the　sum；　or　brief

　　　　EPITOME　OF　THE　WHOLE　COMMONWEALTH

　　　　〃The　centre　or　fundamental　laws　are；　first；　the　agrarian；　proportioned　at　？；000　a　year　in　land；　lying　and　being　within　the　proper　territory　of　Oceana；　and　stating　property　in　land　at　such　a　balance；　that　the　power　can　never　swerve　out　of　the　hands　of　the　many。　　　　　〃Secondly；　the　ballot　conveying　this　equal　sap　from　the　root；　by　an　equal　election　or　rotation；　into　the　branches　of　magistracy　or　sovereign　power。　　　　　〃The　orbs　of　this　commonwealth　being　civil；　military；　or　provincial；　are；　as　it　were；　cast　upon　this　mould　or　centre　by　the　divisions　of　the　people；　first；　into　citizens　and　servants；　secondly；　into　youth　and　elders；　thirdly；　into　such　as　have　？00　a　year　in　lands；　goods；　or　moneys；　who　are　of　the　horse；　and　such　as　have　under；　who　are　of　the　foot；　fourthly；　they　are　divided　by　their　usual　residence　into　parishes；　hundreds；　and　tribes。　　　　　〃The　civil　orbs　consist　of　the　elders；　and　are　thus　created：　every　Monday　next　ensuing　the　last　of　December；　the　elders　in　every　parish　elect　the　fifth　man　to　be　a　deputy；　which　is　but　half　a　day's　work；　every　Monday　next　ensuing　the　last　of　January；　the　deputies　meet　at　their　respective　hundred；　and　elect　out　of　their　number　one　justice　of　the　peace；　one　juryman；　one　coroner；　and　one　high　constable　of　the　foot；　one　day's　work。　　　　　〃Every　Monday　next　ensuing　the　last　of　February；　the　hundreds　meet　at　their　respective　tribe；　and　there　elect　the　lords　high　sheriff；　lieutenant；　custos　rotulorum；　the　conductor；　the　two　censors　out　of　the　horse；　the　magistrates　of　the　tribe　and　of　the　hundreds；　with　the　jurymen　constituting　the　phylarch；　and　who　assist　in　their　respective　offices　at　the　assizes；　hold　the　quarter…sessions；　etc。　The　day　following　the　tribe　elects　the　annual　galaxy；　consisting　of　two　knights　and　three　deputies　out　of　the　horse；　with　four　deputies　out　of　the　foot；　thereby　endued　with　power；　as　magistrates　of　the　whole　nation；　for　the　term　of　three　years。　An　officer　chosen　at　the　hundred　may　not　be　elected　a　magistrate　of　the　tribe；　but　a　magistrate　or　officer　either　of　the　hundred　or　of　the　tribe；　being　elected　into　the　galaxy；　may　substitute　any　one　of　his　office　in　the　hundred　or　in　own　order　to　his　magistracy　or　office　in　the　hundred　or　in　the　tribe。　This　of　the　muster　is　two　days'　work。　So　the　body　of　the　people　is　annually；　at　the　charge　of　three　days'　work　and　a　half；　in　their　own　tribes；　for　the　perpetuation　of　their　power；　receiving　over　and　above　the　magistracies　so　divided　among　them。　　　　　〃Every　Monday　next　ensuing　the　last　of　March；　the　knights；　being　100　in　all　the　tribes；　take　their　places　in　the　Senate。　The　knights；　having　taken　their　places　in　the　Senate；　make　the　third　region　of　the　same；　and　the　house　proceeds　to　the　senatorian　elections。　Senatorian　elections　are　annual；　biennial；　or　emergent。　　　　　〃The　annual　are　performed　by　the　tropic。　　　　　〃The　tropic　is　a　schedule　consisting　of　two　parts；　the　first　by　which　the　senatorian　magistrates　are　elected；　and　the　second；　by　which　the　senatorian　councils　are　perpetuated。　　　　　〃The　first　part　is　of　this　tenor：

The　lord　strategus；　The　lord　orator；　The　first　censor；　The　second　censor；　　　　　Annual　magistrates　and　therefore　such　as　may　be　elected　out　of　any　region；　the　term　of　every　region　having　at　the　tropic　one　year　at　the　least　unexpired。

The　third　commissioner　of　the　seal；　The　third　commissioner　of　the　Treasury。　　　　　Triennial　magistrates；　and　therefore　such　as　can　be　chosen　out　of　the　third　region　only；　as　that　alone　which　has　the　term　of　three　years　unexpired。

　　　　〃The　strategus　and　the　orator　sitting；　are　consuls；　or　presidents　of　the　Senate。　　　　　〃The　strategus　marching　is　general　of　the　army；　in　which　case　a　new　strategus　is　to　be　elected　in　his　room。　　　　　〃The　strategus　sitting　with　six　commissioners；　being　councillors　of　the　nation；　are　the　signory　of　the　commonwealth。〃　　　　　The　censors　are　magistrates　of　the　ballot；　presidents　of　the　Council　for　Religion；　and　chancellors　of　the　universities。　　　　　〃The　second　part　of　the　tropic　perpetuates　the　Council　of　State；　by　the　election　of　five　knights　out　of　the　first　region　of　the　Senate；　to　be　the　first　region　of　that　council　consisting　of　fifteen　knights；　five　in　every　region。　　　　　〃The　like　is　done　by　the　election　of　four　into　the　Council　of　Religion；　and　four　into　the　Council　of　Trade；　out　of　the　same　region　in　the　Senate；　each　of　these　councils　consisting　of　twelve　knights；　four　in　every　region。　　　　　〃But　the　Council　of　War；　consisting　of　nine　knights；　three　in　every　region；　is　elected　by　and　out　of　the　Council　of　State；　as　the　other　councils　are　elected　by　and　out　of　the　Senate。　And　if　the　Senate　add　a　juncta　of　nine　knights　more；　elected　out　of　their　own　number；　for　the　term　of　three　months；　the　Council　of　War；　by　virtue　of　that　addition；　is　Dictator　of　Oceana　for　the　said　term。　　　　　〃The　signory　jointly　or　severally　has　right　of　session　and　suffrage　in　every　senatorial　council；　and　to　propose　either　to　the　Senate；　or　any　of　them。　And　every　region　in　a　council　electing　one　weekly　provost；　any　two　of　those　provosts　have　power　also　to　propose　to　their　respective　council；　as　the　proper　and　peculiar　proposers　of　the　same；　for　which　cause　they　hold　an　academy；　where　any　man；　either　by　word　of　mouth　or　writing；　may　propose　to　the　proposers。　　　　　〃Next　to　the　elections　of　the　tropic　is　the　biennial　election　of　one　ambassador…in…ordinary；　by　the　ballot　of　the　house；　to　the　residence　of　France；　at　which　time　the　resident　of　France　removes　to　Spain；　he　of　Spain　to　Venice；　he　of　Venice　to　Constantinople；　and　he　of　Constantinople　returns。　So　the　orb　of　the　residents　is　wheeled　about　in　eight　years；　by　the　biennial　election　of　one　ambassador…in…ordinary。　　　　　〃The　last　kind　of　election　is　emergent。　Emergent　elections　are　made　by　the　scrutiny。　Election　by　scrutiny　is　when　a　competitor；　being　made　by　a　council；　and　brought　into　the　Senate；　the　Senate　chooses　four　more　competitors　to　him；　and　putting　all　five　to　the　ballot；　he　who　has　most　above　half　the　suffrages　is　the　magistrate。　The　polemarchs　or　field　officers　are　chosen　by　the　scrutiny　of　the　Council　of　War；　an　ambassador…extraordinary　by　the　scrutiny　of　the　Council　of　State；　the　judges　and　sergeants…at…law　by　the　scrutiny　of　the　seal；　and　the　barons　and　prime　officers　of　the　Exchequer；　by　the　scrutiny　of　the　Treasury。。　　　　　〃The　opinion　or　opinions　that　are　legitimately　proposed　to　any　council　must　be　debated　by　the　same；　and　so　many　as　are　resolved　upon　the　debate　are　introduced　into　the　Senate；　where　they　are　debated　and　resolved；　or　rejected　by　the　whole　house；　that　which　is　resolved　by　the　Senate　is　a　decree　which　is　good　in　matters　of　state；　but　no　law；　except　it　be　proposed　to　and　resolved　by　the　prerogative。　　　　　〃The　deputies　of　the　galaxy　being　three　horse　and　four　foot　in　a　tribe；　amount　in　all　the　tribes　to　150　horse　and　200　foot；　which；　having　entered　the　prerogative；　and　chosen　their　captains；　cornet；　and　ensign　（triennial　officers）；　make　the　third　class；　consisting　of　one　troop　and　one　company；　and　so；　joining　with　the　whole　prerogative；　elect　four　annual　magistrates；　called　tribunes；　whereof　two　are　of　the　horse　and　two　of　the　foot。　These　have　the　command　of　the　prerogative　sessions；　and　suffrage　in　the　Council　of　War；　and　sessions　without　suffrage　in　the　Senate。　　　　　〃The　Senate　having　passed　a　decree　which　they　would　propose　to　the　people；　cause　it　to　be　printed　and　published；　or　promulgated　for　the　space　of　six　weeks；　which；　being　ordered；　they　choose　their　proposers。　The　proposers　must　be　magistrates；　that　is；　the　commissioners　of　the　seal；　those　of　the　Treasury；　or　the　censors。　These　being　chosen；　desire　the　muster　of　the　tribunes；　and　appoint　the　day。　The　people　being　assembled　at　the　day　appointed；　and　the　decree　proposed；　that　which　is　proposed　by　authority　of　the　Senate；　and　commanded　by　the　people；　is　the　law　of　Oceana；　or　an　act　of　Parliament。　　　　　〃So　the　Parliament　of　Oceana　consists　of　the　Senate　proposing；　and　the　people　resolving。　　　　　〃The　people　or　prerogative　are　also　the　supreme　judicatory　of　this　nation；　having　power　of　hearing　and　determining　all　causes　of　appeal　from　all　magistrates；　or　courts　provincial　or　domestic；　as　also　to　question　any　magistrate；　the　term　of　his　magistracy　being　expired；　if　the　case　be　introduced　by　the　tribunes；　or　any　one　of　them。　　　　　〃The　military　orbs　consist　of　the　youth；　that　is；　such　as　are　from　eighteen　to　thirty　years　of　age；　and　are　created　in　the　following　manner：　　　　　〃Every　Wednesday　next　ensuing　the　last　of　December；　the　youth　of　every　parish；　assembling；　elect　the　fifth　of　their　number　to　be　their　deputies；　the　deputies　of　the　youth　are　called　stratiots；　and　this　is　the　first　essay。　　　　　〃Every　Wednesday　next　ensuing　the　last　of　January；　the　stratiots；　assembling　at　the