the new machiavelli-µÚ63½Ú
°´¼üÅÌÉÏ·½Ïò¼ü ¡û »ò ¡ú ¿É¿ìËÙÉÏÏ·ҳ£¬°´¼üÅÌÉ쵀 Enter ¼ü¿É»Øµ½±¾ÊéĿ¼ҳ£¬°´¼üÅÌÉÏ·½Ïò¼ü ¡ü ¿É»Øµ½±¾Ò³¶¥²¿£¡
¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ªÎ´ÔĶÁÍꣿ¼ÓÈëÊéÇ©ÒѱãÏ´μÌÐøÔĶÁ£¡
much¡¡finer¡¡order¡¡or¡¡any¡¡more¡¡general¡¡happiness¡¡than¡¡it¡¡now¡¡enjoys¡£¡¡¡¡
We¡¡must¡¡believe£»¡¡therefore£»¡¡that¡¡it¡¡CAN¡¡develop¡¡such¡¡a¡¡training¡¡and¡¡
education£»¡¡or¡¡we¡¡must¡¡abandon¡¡secular¡¡constructive¡¡hope¡£¡¡¡¡And¡¡here¡¡
my¡¡peculiar¡¡difficulty¡¡as¡¡against¡¡crude¡¡democracy¡¡comes¡¡in¡£¡¡¡¡If¡¡
humanity¡¡at¡¡large¡¡is¡¡capable¡¡of¡¡that¡¡high¡¡education¡¡and¡¡those¡¡
creative¡¡freedoms¡¡our¡¡hope¡¡demands£»¡¡much¡¡more¡¡must¡¡its¡¡better¡¡and¡¡
more¡¡vigorous¡¡types¡¡be¡¡so¡¡capable¡£¡¡¡¡And¡¡if¡¡those¡¡who¡¡have¡¡power¡¡and¡¡
leisure¡¡now£»¡¡and¡¡freedom¡¡to¡¡respond¡¡to¡¡imaginative¡¡appeals£»¡¡cannot¡¡
be¡¡won¡¡to¡¡the¡¡idea¡¡of¡¡collective¡¡self¡development£»¡¡then¡¡the¡¡whole¡¡of¡¡
humanity¡¡cannot¡¡be¡¡won¡¡to¡¡that¡£¡¡¡¡From¡¡that¡¡one¡¡passes¡¡to¡¡what¡¡has¡¡
become¡¡my¡¡general¡¡conception¡¡in¡¡politics£»¡¡the¡¡conception¡¡of¡¡the¡¡
constructive¡¡imagination¡¡working¡¡upon¡¡the¡¡vast¡¡complex¡¡of¡¡powerful¡¡
people£»¡¡clever¡¡people£»¡¡enterprising¡¡people£»¡¡influential¡¡people£»¡¡
amidst¡¡whom¡¡power¡¡is¡¡diffused¡¡to¡day£»¡¡to¡¡produce¡¡that¡¡self¡
conscious£»¡¡highly¡¡selective£»¡¡open¡minded£»¡¡devoted¡¡aristocratic¡¡
culture£»¡¡which¡¡seems¡¡to¡¡me¡¡to¡¡be¡¡the¡¡necessary¡¡next¡¡phase¡¡in¡¡the¡¡
development¡¡of¡¡human¡¡affairs¡£¡¡¡¡I¡¡see¡¡human¡¡progress£»¡¡not¡¡as¡¡the¡¡
spontaneous¡¡product¡¡of¡¡crowds¡¡of¡¡raw¡¡minds¡¡swayed¡¡by¡¡elementary¡¡
needs£»¡¡but¡¡as¡¡a¡¡natural¡¡but¡¡elaborate¡¡result¡¡of¡¡intricate¡¡human¡¡
interdependencies£»¡¡of¡¡human¡¡energy¡¡and¡¡curiosity¡¡liberated¡¡and¡¡
acting¡¡at¡¡leisure£»¡¡of¡¡human¡¡passions¡¡and¡¡motives£»¡¡modified¡¡and¡¡
redirected¡¡by¡¡literature¡¡and¡¡art¡£¡¡¡£¡¡¡£¡¡¡£
But¡¡now¡¡the¡¡reader¡¡will¡¡understand¡¡how¡¡it¡¡came¡¡about¡¡that£»¡¡
disappointed¡¡by¡¡the¡¡essential¡¡littleness¡¡of¡¡Liberalism£»¡¡and¡¡
disillusioned¡¡about¡¡the¡¡representative¡¡quality¡¡of¡¡the¡¡professed¡¡
Socialists£»¡¡I¡¡turned¡¡my¡¡mind¡¡more¡¡and¡¡more¡¡to¡¡a¡¡scrutiny¡¡of¡¡the¡¡big¡¡
people£»¡¡the¡¡wealthy¡¡and¡¡influential¡¡people£»¡¡against¡¡whom¡¡Liberalism¡¡
pits¡¡its¡¡forces¡£¡¡¡¡I¡¡was¡¡asking¡¡myself¡¡definitely¡¡whether£»¡¡after¡¡all£»¡¡
it¡¡was¡¡not¡¡my¡¡particular¡¡job¡¡to¡¡work¡¡through¡¡them¡¡and¡¡not¡¡against¡¡
them¡£¡¡¡¡Was¡¡I¡¡not¡¡altogether¡¡out¡¡of¡¡my¡¡element¡¡as¡¡an¡¡Anti¡£¿¡¡¡¡Weren't¡¡
there¡¡big¡¡bold¡¡qualities¡¡about¡¡these¡¡people¡¡that¡¡common¡¡men¡¡lack£»¡¡
and¡¡the¡¡possibility¡¡of¡¡far¡¡more¡¡splendid¡¡dreams£¿¡¡¡¡Were¡¡they¡¡really¡¡
the¡¡obstacles£»¡¡might¡¡they¡¡not¡¡be¡¡rather¡¡the¡¡vehicles¡¡of¡¡the¡¡possible¡¡
new¡¡braveries¡¡of¡¡life£¿
2
The¡¡faults¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Imperialist¡¡movement¡¡were¡¡obvious¡¡enough¡£¡¡¡¡The¡¡
conception¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Boer¡¡War¡¡had¡¡been¡¡clumsy¡¡and¡¡puerile£»¡¡the¡¡costly¡¡
errors¡¡of¡¡that¡¡struggle¡¡appalling£»¡¡and¡¡the¡¡subsequent¡¡campaign¡¡of¡¡
Mr¡£¡¡Chamberlain¡¡for¡¡Tariff¡¡Reform¡¡seemed¡¡calculated¡¡to¡¡combine¡¡the¡¡
financial¡¡adventurers¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Empire¡¡in¡¡one¡¡vast¡¡conspiracy¡¡against¡¡
the¡¡consumer¡£¡¡¡¡The¡¡cant¡¡of¡¡Imperialism¡¡was¡¡easy¡¡to¡¡learn¡¡and¡¡use£»¡¡it¡¡
was¡¡speedily¡¡adopted¡¡by¡¡all¡¡sorts¡¡of¡¡base¡¡enterprises¡¡and¡¡turned¡¡to¡¡
all¡¡sorts¡¡of¡¡base¡¡ends¡£¡¡¡¡But¡¡a¡¡big¡¡child¡¡is¡¡permitted¡¡big¡¡mischief£»¡¡
and¡¡my¡¡mind¡¡was¡¡now¡¡continually¡¡returning¡¡to¡¡the¡¡persuasion¡¡that¡¡
after¡¡all¡¡in¡¡some¡¡development¡¡of¡¡the¡¡idea¡¡of¡¡Imperial¡¡patriotism¡¡
might¡¡be¡¡found¡¡that¡¡wide£»¡¡rough£»¡¡politically¡¡acceptable¡¡expression¡¡
of¡¡a¡¡constructive¡¡dream¡¡capable¡¡of¡¡sustaining¡¡a¡¡great¡¡educational¡¡
and¡¡philosophical¡¡movement¡¡such¡¡as¡¡no¡¡formula¡¡of¡¡Liberalism¡¡
supplied¡£¡¡¡¡The¡¡fact¡¡that¡¡it¡¡readily¡¡took¡¡vulgar¡¡forms¡¡only¡¡witnessed¡¡
to¡¡its¡¡strong¡¡popular¡¡appeal¡£¡¡¡¡Mixed¡¡in¡¡with¡¡the¡¡noisiness¡¡and¡¡
humbug¡¡of¡¡the¡¡movement¡¡there¡¡appeared¡¡a¡¡real¡¡regard¡¡for¡¡social¡¡
efficiency£»¡¡a¡¡real¡¡spirit¡¡of¡¡animation¡¡and¡¡enterprise¡£¡¡¡¡There¡¡
suddenly¡¡appeared¡¡in¡¡my¡¡worldI¡¡saw¡¡them¡¡first£»¡¡I¡¡think£»¡¡in¡¡1908a¡¡
new¡¡sort¡¡of¡¡little¡¡boy£»¡¡a¡¡most¡¡agreeable¡¡development¡¡of¡¡the¡¡
slouching£»¡¡cunning£»¡¡cigarette¡smoking£»¡¡town¡bred¡¡youngster£»¡¡a¡¡small¡¡
boy¡¡in¡¡a¡¡khaki¡¡hat£»¡¡and¡¡with¡¡bare¡¡knees¡¡and¡¡athletic¡¡bearing£»¡¡
earnestly¡¡engaged¡¡in¡¡wholesome¡¡and¡¡invigorating¡¡games¡¡up¡¡to¡¡and¡¡
occasionally¡¡a¡¡little¡¡beyond¡¡his¡¡strengththe¡¡Boy¡¡Scout¡£¡¡¡¡I¡¡liked¡¡
the¡¡Boy¡¡Scout£»¡¡and¡¡I¡¡find¡¡it¡¡difficult¡¡to¡¡express¡¡how¡¡much¡¡it¡¡
mattered¡¡to¡¡me£»¡¡with¡¡my¡¡growing¡¡bias¡¡in¡¡favour¡¡of¡¡deliberate¡¡
national¡¡training£»¡¡that¡¡Liberalism¡¡hadn't¡¡been¡¡able¡¡to¡¡produce£»¡¡and¡¡
had¡¡indeed¡¡never¡¡attempted¡¡to¡¡produce£»¡¡anything¡¡of¡¡this¡¡kind¡£
3
In¡¡those¡¡days¡¡there¡¡existed¡¡a¡¡dining¡¡club¡¡calledthere¡¡was¡¡some¡¡
lost¡¡allusion¡¡to¡¡the¡¡exorcism¡¡of¡¡party¡¡feeling¡¡in¡¡its¡¡titlethe¡¡
Pentagram¡¡Circle¡£¡¡¡¡It¡¡included¡¡Bailey¡¡and¡¡Dayton¡¡and¡¡myself£»¡¡Sir¡¡
Herbert¡¡Thorns£»¡¡Lord¡¡Charles¡¡Kindling£»¡¡Minns¡¡the¡¡poet£»¡¡Gerbault¡¡the¡¡
big¡¡railway¡¡man£»¡¡Lord¡¡Gane£»¡¡fresh¡¡from¡¡the¡¡settlement¡¡of¡¡Framboya£»¡¡
and¡¡Rumbold£»¡¡who¡¡later¡¡became¡¡Home¡¡Secretary¡¡and¡¡left¡¡us¡£¡¡¡¡We¡¡were¡¡
men¡¡of¡¡all¡¡parties¡¡and¡¡very¡¡various¡¡experiences£»¡¡and¡¡our¡¡object¡¡was¡¡
to¡¡discuss¡¡the¡¡welfare¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Empire¡¡in¡¡a¡¡disinterested¡¡spirit¡£¡¡¡¡We¡¡
dined¡¡monthly¡¡at¡¡the¡¡Mermaid¡¡in¡¡Westminster£»¡¡and¡¡for¡¡a¡¡couple¡¡of¡¡
years¡¡we¡¡kept¡¡up¡¡an¡¡average¡¡attendance¡¡of¡¡ten¡¡out¡¡of¡¡fourteen¡£¡¡¡¡The¡¡
dinner¡time¡¡was¡¡given¡¡up¡¡to¡¡desultory¡¡conversation£»¡¡and¡¡it¡¡is¡¡odd¡¡
how¡¡warm¡¡and¡¡good¡¡the¡¡social¡¡atmosphere¡¡of¡¡that¡¡little¡¡gathering¡¡
became¡¡as¡¡time¡¡went¡¡on£»¡¡then¡¡over¡¡the¡¡dessert£»¡¡so¡¡soon¡¡as¡¡the¡¡
waiters¡¡had¡¡swept¡¡away¡¡the¡¡crumbs¡¡and¡¡ceased¡¡to¡¡fret¡¡us£»¡¡one¡¡of¡¡us¡¡
would¡¡open¡¡with¡¡perhaps¡¡fifteen¡¡or¡¡twenty¡¡minutes'¡¡exposition¡¡of¡¡
some¡¡specially¡¡prepared¡¡question£»¡¡and¡¡after¡¡him¡¡we¡¡would¡¡deliver¡¡
ourselves¡¡in¡¡turn£»¡¡each¡¡for¡¡three¡¡or¡¡four¡¡minutes¡£¡¡¡¡When¡¡every¡¡one¡¡
present¡¡had¡¡spoken¡¡once¡¡talk¡¡became¡¡general¡¡again£»¡¡and¡¡it¡¡was¡¡rare¡¡
we¡¡emerged¡¡upon¡¡Hendon¡¡Street¡¡before¡¡midnight¡£¡¡¡¡Sometimes£»¡¡as¡¡my¡¡
house¡¡was¡¡conveniently¡¡near£»¡¡a¡¡knot¡¡of¡¡men¡¡would¡¡come¡¡home¡¡with¡¡me¡¡
and¡¡go¡¡on¡¡talking¡¡and¡¡smoking¡¡in¡¡my¡¡dining¡room¡¡until¡¡two¡¡or¡¡three¡£¡¡¡¡
We¡¡had¡¡Fred¡¡Neal£»¡¡that¡¡wild¡¡Irish¡¡journalist£»¡¡among¡¡us¡¡towards¡¡the¡¡
end£»¡¡and¡¡his¡¡stupendous¡¡flow¡¡of¡¡words¡¡materially¡¡prolonged¡¡our¡¡
closing¡¡discussions¡¡and¡¡made¡¡our¡¡continuance¡¡impossible¡£
I¡¡learned¡¡very¡¡much¡¡and¡¡very¡¡many¡¡things¡¡at¡¡those¡¡dinners£»¡¡but¡¡more¡¡
particularly¡¡did¡¡I¡¡become¡¡familiarised¡¡with¡¡the¡¡habits¡¡of¡¡mind¡¡of¡¡
such¡¡men¡¡as¡¡Neal£»¡¡Crupp£»¡¡Gane£»¡¡and¡¡the¡¡one¡¡or¡¡two¡¡other¡¡New¡¡
Imperialists¡¡who¡¡belonged¡¡to¡¡us¡£¡¡¡¡They¡¡were¡¡nearly¡¡all¡¡like¡¡Bailey¡¡
Oxford¡¡men£»¡¡though¡¡mostly¡¡of¡¡a¡¡younger¡¡generation£»¡¡and¡¡they¡¡were¡¡all¡¡
mysteriously¡¡and¡¡inexplicably¡¡advocates¡¡of¡¡Tariff¡¡Reform£»¡¡as¡¡if¡¡it¡¡
were¡¡the¡¡principal¡¡instead¡¡of¡¡at¡¡best¡¡a¡¡secondary¡¡aspect¡¡of¡¡
constructive¡¡policy¡£¡¡¡¡They¡¡seemed¡¡obsessed¡¡by¡¡the¡¡idea¡¡that¡¡streams¡¡
of¡¡trade¡¡could¡¡be¡¡diverted¡¡violently¡¡so¡¡as¡¡to¡¡link¡¡the¡¡parts¡¡of¡¡the¡¡
Empire¡¡by¡¡common¡¡interests£»¡¡and¡¡they¡¡were¡¡persuaded£»¡¡I¡¡still¡¡think¡¡
mistakenly£»¡¡that¡¡Tariff¡¡Reform¡¡would¡¡have¡¡an¡¡immense¡¡popular¡¡appeal¡£¡¡¡¡
They¡¡were¡¡also¡¡very¡¡keen¡¡on¡¡military¡¡organisation£»¡¡and¡¡with¡¡a¡¡
curious¡¡little¡¡martinet¡¡twist¡¡in¡¡their¡¡minds¡¡that¡¡boded¡¡ill¡¡for¡¡that¡¡
side¡¡of¡¡public¡¡liberty¡£¡¡¡¡So¡¡much¡¡against¡¡them¡£¡¡¡¡But¡¡they¡¡were¡¡
disposed¡¡to¡¡spend¡¡money¡¡much¡¡more¡¡generously¡¡on¡¡education¡¡and¡¡
research¡¡of¡¡all¡¡sorts¡¡than¡¡our¡¡formless¡¡host¡¡of¡¡Liberals¡¡seemed¡¡
likely¡¡to¡¡do£»¡¡and¡¡they¡¡were¡¡altogether¡¡more¡¡accessible¡¡than¡¡the¡¡
Young¡¡Liberals¡¡to¡¡bold£»¡¡constructive¡¡ideas¡¡affecting¡¡the¡¡
universities¡¡and¡¡upper¡¡classes¡£¡¡¡¡The¡¡Liberals¡¡are¡¡abjectly¡¡afraid¡¡of¡¡
the¡¡universities¡£¡¡¡¡I¡¡found¡¡myself¡¡constantly¡¡falling¡¡into¡¡line¡¡with¡¡
these¡¡men¡¡in¡¡our¡¡discussions£»¡¡and¡¡more¡¡and¡¡more¡¡hostile¡¡to¡¡Dayton's¡¡
sentimentalising¡¡evasions¡¡of¡¡definite¡¡schemes¡¡and¡¡Minns'¡¡trust¡¡in¡¡
such¡¡things¡¡as¡¡the¡¡¡¨Spirit¡¡of¡¡our¡¡People¡¨¡¡and¡¡the¡¡¡¨General¡¡Trend¡¡of¡¡
Progress¡£¡¨¡¡¡¡It¡¡wasn't¡¡that¡¡I¡¡thought¡¡them¡¡very¡¡much¡¡righter¡¡than¡¡
their¡¡opponents£»¡¡I¡¡believe¡¡all¡¡definite¡¡party¡¡¡¨sides¡¨¡¡at¡¡any¡¡time¡¡
are¡¡bound¡¡to¡¡be¡¡about¡¡equally¡¡right¡¡and¡¡equally¡¡lop¡sided£»¡¡but¡¡that¡¡
I¡¡thought¡¡I¡¡could¡¡get¡¡more¡¡out¡¡of¡¡them¡¡and¡¡what¡¡was¡¡more¡¡important¡¡
to¡¡me£»¡¡more¡¡out¡¡of¡¡myself¡¡if¡¡I¡¡co¡operated¡¡with¡¡them¡£¡¡¡¡By¡¡1908¡¡I¡¡had¡¡
already¡¡arrived¡¡at¡¡a¡¡point¡¡where¡¡I¡¡could¡¡be¡¡definitely¡¡considering¡¡a¡¡
transfer¡¡of¡¡my¡¡political¡¡allegiance¡£
These¡¡abstract¡¡questions¡¡are¡¡inseparably¡¡interwoven¡¡with¡¡my¡¡memory¡¡
of¡¡a¡¡shining¡¡long¡¡white¡¡table£»¡¡and¡¡our¡¡hock¡¡bottles¡¡and¡¡burgundy¡¡
bottles£»¡¡and¡¡bottles¡¡of¡¡Perrier¡¡and¡¡St¡£¡¡Galmier¡¡and¡¡the¡¡disturbed¡¡
central¡¡trophy¡¡of¡¡dessert£»¡¡and¡¡scattered¡¡glasses¡¡and¡¡nut¡shells¡¡and¡¡
cigarette¡ends¡¡and¡¡menu¡cards¡¡used¡¡for¡¡memoranda¡£¡¡¡¡I¡¡see¡¡old¡¡Dayton¡¡
sitting¡¡back¡¡and¡¡cocking¡¡his¡¡eye¡¡to¡¡the¡¡ceiling¡¡in¡¡a¡¡way¡¡he¡¡had¡¡
while¡¡he¡¡threw¡¡warmth¡¡into¡¡the¡¡ancient¡¡platitudes¡¡of¡¡Liberalism£»¡¡and¡¡
Minns¡¡leaning¡¡forward£»¡¡and¡¡a¡¡little¡¡like¡¡a¡¡cockatoo¡¡with¡¡a¡¡taste¡¡for¡¡
confidences£»¡¡telling¡¡us¡¡in¡¡a¡¡hushed¡¡voice¡¡of¡¡his¡¡faith¡¡in¡¡the¡¡
Destiny¡¡of¡¡Mankind¡£¡¡¡¡Thorns¡¡lounges£»¡¡rolling¡¡his¡¡round¡¡face¡¡and¡¡
round¡¡eyes¡¡from¡¡speaker¡¡to¡¡speaker¡¡and¡¡sounding¡¡the¡¡visible¡¡depths¡¡
of¡¡misery¡¡whenever¡¡Neal¡¡begins¡£¡¡¡¡Gerbault¡¡and¡¡Gane¡¡were¡¡given¡¡to¡¡
conversation¡¡in¡¡undertones£»¡¡and¡¡Bailey¡¡pursued¡¡mysterious¡¡purposes¡¡
in¡¡lisping¡¡whispers¡£¡¡¡¡It¡¡was¡¡Crupp¡¡attracted¡¡me¡¡most¡£¡¡¡¡He¡¡had£»¡¡as¡¡
people¡¡say£»¡¡his¡¡eye¡¡on¡¡me¡¡from¡¡the¡¡beginning¡£¡¡¡¡He¡¡used¡¡to¡¡speak¡¡at¡¡
me£»¡¡and¡¡drifted¡¡into¡¡a¡¡custom¡¡of¡¡coming¡¡home¡¡with¡¡me¡¡very¡¡regularly¡¡
for¡¡an¡¡after¡talk¡£
He¡¡opened¡¡his¡¡heart¡¡to¡¡me¡£
¡¨Neither¡¡of¡¡us£»¡¨¡¡he¡¡said£»¡¡¡¨are¡¡dukes£»¡¡and¡¡neither¡¡of¡¡us¡¡are¡¡horny¡
handed¡¡sons¡¡of¡¡toil¡£¡¡¡¡We¡¡want¡¡to¡¡get¡¡hold¡¡of¡¡the¡¡handles£»¡¡and¡¡to¡¡do¡¡
that£»¡¡one¡¡must¡¡go¡¡where¡¡the¡¡power¡¡is£»¡¡a