hiero(希尔罗)-第7节
按键盘上方向键 ← 或 → 可快速上下翻页，按键盘上的 Enter 键可回到本书目录页，按键盘上方向键 ↑ 可回到本页顶部！
————未阅读完？加入书签已便下次继续阅读！
and upright； they freely recognise； but instead of admiring them； they are
afraid of themthe courageous； lest they should venture something for the
sake of freedom； the wise； lest they invent some subtle mischief；＇2＇ the
just and upright； lest the multitude should take a fancy to be led by them。
＇1＇ The same epithets occur in Aristoph。 〃Plut。〃 89：
｛ego gar on meirakion epeiles' oti os tous dikaious
kai sophous kai kosmious monous badioimen。｝
Stob。 gives for ｛kasmious｝ ｛alkimous｝。
＇2＇ Or； 〃for fear of machinations。〃 But the word is suggestive of
mechanical inventions also； like those of Archimedes in connection
with a later Hiero （see Plut。 〃Marcel。〃 xv。 foll。）； or of Lionardo； or of
Michael Angelo （Symonds； 〃Renaissance in Italy；〃 〃The Fine Arts；〃
pp。 315； 393）。
And when he has secretly and silently made away with all such people
through terror； whom has he to fall back upon to be of use to him； save
only the unjust； the incontinent； and the slavish…natured？＇3＇ Of these； the
unjust can be trusted as sharing the tyrant's terror lest the cities should
some day win their freedom and lay strong hands upon them； the
incontinent； as satisfied with momentary license； and the slavish…natured；
for the simple reason that they have not themselves the slightest aspiration
after freedom。＇4＇
＇3＇ Or； 〃the dishonest； the lascivious； and the servile。〃
＇4＇ 〃They have no aspiration even to be free；〃 〃they are content to
wallow in the slough of despond。〃 The ｛adikoi｝ （unjust） correspond
to the ｛dikaioi｝ （just）； ｛akrateis｝ （incontinent） to the ｛sophoi｝ （wise）
（Breit。 cf。 〃Mem。〃 III。 ix。 4； ｛sophian de kai sophrosunen ou
diorizen｝）； ｛andrapododeis｝ （servile） to the ｛kasmioi｝； ｛andreioi｝
24
… Page 25…
Hiero
（orderly； courageous）。
This； then； I say； appears to me a sore affliction； that we should look
upon the one set as good men； and yet be forced to lean upon the other。
And further； even a tyrant cannot but be something of a patriota lover
of that state； without which he can neither hope for safety nor prosperity。
On the other hand； his tyrrany； the exigencies of despotic rule； compel him
to incriminate his fatherland。＇5＇ To train his citizens to soldiery； to render
them brave warriors； and well armed； confers no pleasure on him； rather
he will take delight to make his foreigners more formidable than those to
whom the state belongs； and these foreigners he will depend on as his
body…guard。
＇5＇ Or； 〃depreciate the land which gave him birth。〃 Holden cf。
〃Cyrop。〃 VII。 ii。 22。 See Sturz； s。v。
Nay more； not even in the years of plenty；＇6＇ when abundance of all
blessings reigns； not even then may the tyrant's heart rejoice amid the
general joy； for the greater the indigence of the community the humbler he
will find them： that is his theory。
＇6＇ 〃In good seasons；〃 〃seasons of prosperity。〃 Cf。 Aristot。 〃Pol。〃 v。
6。 17。
25
… Page 26…
Hiero
VI
He continued： I desire to make known to you； Simonides；＇1＇ those
divers pleasures which were mine whilst I was still a private citizen； but of
which to…day； nay； from the moment I became a tyrant； I find myself
deprived。 In those days I consorted with my friends and fellows； to our
mutual delectation；＇2＇ or； if I craved for quietude；＇3＇ I chose myself for
my companion。 Gaily the hours flitted at our drinking…parties； ofttimes till
we had drowned such cares and troubles as are common to the life of man
in Lethe's bowl；＇4＇ or ofttimes till we had steeped our souls in song and
dance＇5＇ and revelry； ofttimes till the flame of passion kindled in the
breasts of my companions and my own。＇6＇ But now； welladay； I am
deprived of those who took delight in me； because I have slaves instead of
friends as my companions； I am robbed of my once delightful intercourse
with them； because I discern no vestige of goodwill towards me in their
looks。 And as to the wine…cup and slumberthese I guard against； even as
a man might guard against an ambuscade。 Think only！ to dread a crowd； to
dread solitude； to dread the absence of a guard； to dread the very guards
that guard； to shrink from having those about one's self unarmed； and yet
to hate the sight of armed attendants。 Can you conceive a more
troublesome circumstance？＇7＇ But that is not all。 To place more
confidence in foreigners than in your fellow…citizens； nay； in barbarians
than in Hellenes； to be consumed with a desire to keep freemen slaves and
yet to be driven； will he nill he； to make slaves free； are not all these the
symptoms of a mind distracted and amazed with terror？
＇1＇ Or； 〃I wish I could disclose to you （he added） those heart…easing
joys。〃 For ｛euphrosunas｝ cf。 〃Od。〃 vi。 156； Aesch。 〃P。 V。〃 540； Eur。
〃Bacch。〃 376。 A favourite word with our author； see 〃Ages。〃 ix。 4；
〃Cyrop。〃 passim； 〃Mem。〃 III。 viii。 10； 〃Econ。〃 ix。 12。 ＇2＇ Lit。 〃delighting
I in them and they in me。〃
＇3＇ Or； 〃when I sought tranquility I was my own companion。〃
＇4＇ Or； 〃in sheer forgetfulness。〃
＇5＇ Or； 〃absorbed our souls in song and festal cheer and dance。〃 Cf。
26
… Page 27…
Hiero
〃Od。〃 viii。 248； 249； ｛aiei d' emin dais te phile kitharis te khoroi te｝ ｜
｛eimata t' exemoiba loetra te therma kau eunai｝； 〃and dear to us ever
is the banquet and the harp and the dance； and changes of raiment；
and the warm bath； and love and sleep〃 （Butcher and Lang）。
＇6＇ Reading as vulg。 ｛epithumias｝。 Breit。 cf。 〃Mem。〃 III。 ix。 7； Plat。
〃Phaed。〃 116 E； 〃he has eaten and drunk and enjoyed the society of
his beloved〃 （Jowett）。 See 〃Symp。〃 the finale； or if； after Weiske and
Cobet； ｛euthumias｝； transl。 〃to the general hilarity of myself and the
whole company〃 （cf。 〃Cyrop。〃 I。 iii。 12； IV。 v。 7）； but this is surely a
bathos rhetorically。
＇7＇ Or； 〃a worse perplexity。〃 See 〃Hell。〃 VII。 iii。 8。
For terror； you know； not only is a source of pain indwelling in the
breast itself； but； ever in close attendance； shadowing the path；＇8＇ becomes
the destroyer of all sweet joys。
＇8＇ Reading ｛sumparakolouthon lumeon｝。 Stob。 gives
｛sumparomarton lumanter｝。 For the sentiment cf。 〃Cyrop。〃 III。 i。 25。
And if you know anything of war； Simonides； and war's alarms； if it
was your fortune ever to be posted close to the enemy's lines；＇9＇ try to
recall to mind what sort of meals you made at those times； with what sort
of slumber you courted rest。 Be assured； there are no pains you then
experienced； no horrors to compare with those that crowd upon the despot；
who sees or seems to see fierce eyes of enemies glare at him； not face to
face alone； but from every side。
＇9＇ Or； 〃in the van of battle； opposite the hostile lines。〃
He had spoken so far； when Simonides took up the thread of the
discourse； replying： Excellently put。 A part I must admit； of what you say；
since war is terrible。 Yet； Hiero； you forget。 When we； at any rate； are out
campaigning； we have a custom； we place sentinels at the outposts； and
when the watch is set； we take our suppers and turn in undauntedly。
And Hiero answered： Yes； I can well believe you； for the laws are the
true outposts；＇10＇ who guard the sentinels； keeping their fears alive both
for themselves and in behalf of you。 Whereas the tyrant hires his guards
for pay like harvest labourers。＇11＇ Now of all functions； all abilities； none；
I presume； is more required of a guard than that of faithfulness； and yet
