hiero(希尔罗)-第10节
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highnesses。〃 Cf。 Thuc。 ii。 65。
＇10＇ 〃The greatest jubilance。〃
Or say； they are the givers of two gifts which shall be like in all
respects。 It is plain enough in this case also that 〃the gracious favour〃 of
his royal highness； even if halved； would more than counterbalance the
whole value of the commoner's 〃donation。〃＇11＇
＇11＇ Or； 〃half the great man's 'bounty' more than outweighs the small
man's present。〃 For ｛dorema｝ cf。 Aristot。 〃N。 E。〃 I。 ix。 2；
〃happiness 。 。 。 a free gift of God to men。〃
Nay； as it seems to me； an honour from the gods； a grace divine； is
shed about the path of him the hero…ruler。＇12＇ Not only does command
itself ennoble manhood； but we gaze on him with other eyes and find the
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fair within him yet more fair who is to…day a prince and was but yesterday
a private citizen。＇13＇ Again； it is a prouder satisfaction doubtless to hold
debate with those who are preferred to us in honour than with people on an
equal footing with ourselves。
＇12＇ Lit。 〃attends the footsteps of the princely ruler。〃 Cf。 〃Cyrop。〃
II。 i。 23； Plat。 〃Laws；〃 667 B； for a similar metaphorical use of the
word。
＇13＇ ｛to arkhein｝； 〃his princely power makes him more noble as a man；
and we behold him fairer exercising rule than when he functioned as
a common citizen。〃 Reading ｛kallio｝； or if ｛edion｝； transl。 〃we feast
our eyes more greedily upon him。〃
Why； the minion （with regard to whom you had the gravest fault to
find with tyranny）； the favourite of a ruler； is least apt to quarrel＇14＇ with
gray hairs： the very blemishes of one who is a prince soon cease to be
discounted in their intercourse。＇15＇
＇14＇ Lit。 〃feels least disgust at age〃； i。e。 his patron's years and
wrinkles。
＇15＇ Cf。 Plat。 〃Phaedr。〃 231 B。
The fact is； to have reached the zenith of distinction in itself lends
ornament；＇16＇ nay； a lustre effacing what is harsh and featureless and rude；
and making true beauty yet more splendid。
＇16＇ Or； 〃The mere prestige of highest worship helps to adorn。〃 See
Aristot。 〃N。 E。〃 xi。 17。 As to ｛auto to tetimesthai m。 s。｝ I think it is
the ｛arkhon｝ who is honoured by the rest of men； which ｛time｝
helps to adorn him。 Others seem to think it is the ｛paidika｝ who is
honoured by the ｛arkhon｝。 If so； transl。： 〃The mere distinction； the
privilege alone of being highly honoured； lends embellishment；〃 etc。
Since then； by aid of equal ministrations； you are privileged to win not
equal but far deeper gratitude： it would seem to follow； considering the
vastly wider sphere of helpfulness which lies before you as administrators；
and the far grander scale of your largesses； I say it naturally pertains to
you to find yourselves much more beloved than ordinary mortals； or if not；
why not？
Hiero took up the challenge and without demur made answer： For this
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good reason； best of poets； necessity constrains us； far more than ordinary
people； to be busybodies。 We are forced to meddle with concerns which
are the very fount and springhead of half the hatreds of mankind。
We have moneys to exact if we would meet our necessary expenses。
Guards must be impressed and sentinels posted wherever there is need of
watch and ward。 We have to chastise evil…doers； we must put a stop to
those who would wax insolent。＇17＇ And when the season for swift action
comes； and it is imperative to expedite a force by land or sea； at such a
crisis it will not do for us to entrust the affair to easy… goers。
＇17＇ Or； 〃curb the over…proud in sap and blood。〃
Further than that； the man who is a tyrant must have mercenaries； and
of all the burdens which the citizens are called upon to bear there is none
more onerous than this； since nothing will induce them to believe these
people are supported by the tyrant to add to his and their prestige；＇18＇ but
rather for the sake of his own selfishness and greed。
＇18＇ Reading with Breit。 ｛eis timas｝； or if the vulg。 ｛isotimous｝；
transl。 〃as equal merely to themselves in privilege〃； or if with
Schenkl （and Holden； ed。 3） ｛isotimias｝； transl。 〃their firm
persuasion is these hirelings are not supported by the tyrant in the
interests of equality but of undue influence。〃
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IX
To these arguments Simonides in turn made answer： Nay； Hiero； I am
far from stating that you have not all these divers matters to attend to。
They are serious duties；＇1＇ I admit。 But still； what strikes me is； if half
these grave responsibilities do lend themselves undoubtedly to hatred；＇2＇
the remaining half are altogether gratifying。 Thus； to teach others＇3＇ arts of
highest virtue； and to praise and honour each most fair performance of the
same； that is a type of duty not to be discharged save graciously。 Whilst；
on the other hand； to scold at people guilty of remissness； to drive and fine
and chasten； these are proceedings doubtless which go hand in hand with
hate and bitterness。
＇1＇ Cf。 〃Econ。〃 vii。 41。
＇2＇ Or； 〃tend indisputably to enmity。〃
＇3＇ Or； 〃people；〃 〃the learner。〃
What I would say then to the hero…ruler is： Wherever force is needed；
the duty of inflicting chastisement should be assigned to others； but the
distribution of rewards and prizes must be kept in his own hands。＇4＇
＇4＇ Cf。 〃Cyrop。〃 VIII。 ii。 27； ib。 i。 18； 〃Hipparch；〃 i。 26。
Common experience attests the excellence of such a system。＇5＇ Thus
when we＇6＇ wish to set on foot a competition between choruses；＇7＇ it is
the function of the archon＇8＇ to offer prizes； whilst to the choregoi＇9＇ is
assigned the duty of assembling the members of the band；＇10＇ and to
others＇11＇ that of teaching and applying force to those who come
behindhand in their duties。 There； then； you have the principle at once：
The gracious and agreeable devolves on him who rules； the archon； the
repellent counterpart＇12＇ on others。 What is there to prevent the
application of the principle to matters politic in general？＇13＇
＇5＇ Or； 〃current incidents bear witness to the beauty of the
principle。〃
＇6＇ ｛emin｝。 The author makes Simonides talk as an Athenian。
＇7＇ Lit。 〃when we wish our sacred choirs to compete。〃
＇8＇ Or； 〃magistrate〃； at Athens the Archon Eponymos。 See Boeckh； 〃P。
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E。 A。〃 p。 454 foll。 Al。 the ｛athlethetai｝。 See Pollux； viii。 93； cf。
Aeschin。 〃c。 Ctes。〃 13。
＇9＇ Or more correctly at Athens the choragoi = leaders of the chorus。
＇10＇ i。e。 the choreutai。
＇11＇ Sc。 the choro…didaskaloi； or chorus…masters。
＇12＇ ｛ta antitupa｝； 〃the repellent obverse；〃 〃the seamy side。〃 Cf。
Theogn。 1244； ｛ethos ekhon solion pistios antitupon｝。 〃Hell。〃 VI。 iii。
11。
＇13＇ Or； 〃Well then； what reason is there why other matters of
political concernall other branches of our civic life； in fact should
not be carried out on this same principle？〃
All states as units are divided into tribes （｛thulas｝）； or regiments
（｛moras｝）； or companies （｛lokhous｝）； and there are officers （｛arkhontes｝）
appointed in command of each division。＇14＇
＇14＇ e。g。 Attica into ten phylae； Lacedaemon into six morae； Thebes
and Argos into lochi。 See Aristot。 〃Pol。〃 v。 8 （Jowett； i。 166）； 〃Hell。〃
VI。 iv。 13； VII。 ii。 4。
Well then； suppose that some one were to offe
