my memories of eighty years-µÚ40½Ú
°´¼üÅÌÉÏ·½Ïò¼ü ¡û »ò ¡ú ¿É¿ìËÙÉÏÏ·ҳ£¬°´¼üÅÌÉ쵀 Enter ¼ü¿É»Øµ½±¾ÊéĿ¼ҳ£¬°´¼üÅÌÉÏ·½Ïò¼ü ¡ü ¿É»Øµ½±¾Ò³¶¥²¿£¡
¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ªÎ´ÔĶÁÍꣿ¼ÓÈëÊéÇ©ÒѱãÏ´μÌÐøÔĶÁ£¡
eized¡¡me¡¡by¡¡the¡¡hand¡¡and¡¡said£º¡¡¡¡¡¨Chauncey£»¡¡come¡¡in¡£¡¡¡¡I¡¡was¡¡never¡¡so¡¡glad¡¡to¡¡see¡¡anybody¡¡in¡¡my¡¡life¡£¡¨
He¡¡told¡¡me¡¡the¡¡legislature¡¡had¡¡adjourned¡¡and¡¡left¡¡on¡¡his¡¡hands¡¡several¡¡thousands¡¡of¡¡thirty¡days¡¡billsthat¡¡is£»¡¡bills¡¡on¡¡which¡¡he¡¡had¡¡thirty¡¡days¡¡to¡¡sign¡¡or¡¡veto£»¡¡or¡¡let¡¡them¡¡become¡¡laws¡¡by¡¡not¡¡rejecting¡¡them¡£¡¡¡¡So¡¡he¡¡had¡¡to¡¡deny¡¡himself¡¡to¡¡everybody¡¡to¡¡get¡¡the¡¡leisure¡¡to¡¡read¡¡them¡¡over¡¡and¡¡form¡¡decisions¡£
¡¨Do¡¡you¡¡know£»¡¡Chauncey£»¡¨¡¡he¡¡said£»¡¡¡¨this¡¡is¡¡a¡¡new¡¡business¡¡to¡¡me¡£¡¡Most¡¡of¡¡these¡¡bills¡¡are¡¡on¡¡subjects¡¡which¡¡I¡¡never¡¡have¡¡examined£»¡¡studied£»¡¡or¡¡thought¡¡about¡£¡¡¡¡It¡¡is¡¡very¡¡difficult¡¡to¡¡form¡¡a¡¡wise¡¡judgment£»¡¡and¡¡I¡¡want¡¡to¡¡do¡¡in¡¡each¡¡case¡¡just¡¡what¡¡is¡¡right¡£¡¨¡¡¡¡For¡¡the¡¡moment¡¡he¡¡became¡¡silent£»¡¡seemingly¡¡absorbed¡¡by¡¡anxious¡¡thoughts¡¡about¡¡these¡¡bills¡£¡¡¡¡Then¡¡suddenly¡¡he¡¡exclaimed£º¡¡¡¡¡¨By¡¡the¡¡way£»¡¡Chauncey£»¡¡you've¡¡done¡¡a¡¡great¡¡deal¡¡of¡¡thinking¡¡in¡¡your¡¡life£»¡¡and¡¡I¡¡never¡¡have¡¡done¡¡any¡¡except¡¡on¡¡business¡£¡¡¡¡Does¡¡intense¡¡thinking¡¡affect¡¡you¡¡as¡¡it¡¡does¡¡me£»¡¡by¡¡upsetting¡¡your¡¡stomach¡¡and¡¡making¡¡you¡¡throw¡¡up£¿¡¨
¡¨No£»¡¡governor£»¡¨¡¡I¡¡answered£»¡¡¡¨if¡¡it¡¡did¡¡I¡¡fear¡¡I¡¡would¡¡be¡¡in¡¡a¡¡chronic¡¡state¡¡of¡¡indigestion¡£¡¨
While¡¡he¡¡was¡¡governor¡¡he¡¡canvassed¡¡the¡¡State¡¡in¡¡a¡¡private¡¡car¡¡and¡¡made¡¡many¡¡speeches¡£¡¡¡¡In¡¡a¡¡plain£»¡¡homely¡¡man¡to¡man¡¡talk¡¡he¡¡was¡¡very¡¡effective¡¡on¡¡the¡¡platform¡£¡¡¡¡His¡¡train¡¡stopped¡¡at¡¡a¡¡station¡¡in¡¡a¡¡Republican¡¡community¡¡where¡¡there¡¡were¡¡few¡¡Democrats£»¡¡while¡¡I¡¡was¡¡addressing¡¡a¡¡Republican¡¡meeting¡¡in¡¡the¡¡village¡£¡¡¡¡When¡¡I¡¡had¡¡finished¡¡my¡¡speech¡¡I¡¡said¡¡to¡¡the¡¡crowd£»¡¡which¡¡was¡¡a¡¡large¡¡one£º¡¡¡¨Governor¡¡Flower¡¡is¡¡at¡¡the¡¡station£»¡¡and¡¡as¡¡I¡¡passed¡¡he¡¡had¡¡very¡¡few¡¡people¡¡listening¡¡to¡¡him¡£¡¡¡¡Let¡¡us¡¡all¡¡go¡¡over¡¡and¡¡give¡¡him¡¡an¡¡audience¡£¡¨
The¡¡proposition¡¡was¡¡received¡¡with¡¡cheers¡£¡¡¡¡I¡¡went¡¡ahead£»¡¡got¡¡in¡¡at¡¡the¡¡other¡¡end¡¡of¡¡the¡¡governor's¡¡car¡¡from¡¡the¡¡one¡¡where¡¡he¡¡was¡¡speaking¡¡from¡¡the¡¡platform¡£¡¡¡¡As¡¡this¡¡Republican¡¡crowd¡¡began¡¡to¡¡pour¡¡in£»¡¡it¡¡was¡¡evident¡¡as¡¡I¡¡stood¡¡behind¡¡him¡¡without¡¡his¡¡knowing¡¡of¡¡my¡¡presence£»¡¡that¡¡he¡¡was¡¡highly¡¡delighted¡£¡¡¡¡He¡¡shouted£º¡¡¡¡¡¨Fellow¡¡citizens£»¡¡I¡¡told¡¡you¡¡they¡¡were¡¡coming¡£¡¡¡¡They¡¡are¡¡coming¡¡from¡¡the¡¡mountains£»¡¡from¡¡the¡¡hills£»¡¡and¡¡from¡¡the¡¡valleys¡£¡¡¡¡It¡¡is¡¡the¡¡stampede¡¡from¡¡the¡¡Republican¡¡party¡¡and¡¡into¡¡our¡¡ranks¡¡and¡¡for¡¡our¡¡ticket¡£¡¡¡¡This¡¡is¡¡the¡¡happiest¡¡evidence¡¡I¡¡have¡¡received¡¡of¡¡the¡¡popularity¡¡of¡¡our¡¡cause¡¡and¡¡the¡¡success¡¡of¡¡our¡¡ticket¡£¡¨
Standing¡¡behind¡¡him£»¡¡I¡¡made¡¡a¡¡signal¡¡for¡¡cheers£»¡¡which¡¡was¡¡heartily¡¡responded¡¡to£»¡¡and¡¡the¡¡governor£»¡¡turning¡¡around£»¡¡saw¡¡the¡¡joke£»¡¡grasped¡¡me¡¡cordially¡¡by¡¡the¡¡hand£»¡¡and¡¡the¡¡whole¡¡crowd£»¡¡including¡¡the¡¡veteran¡¡and¡¡hardened¡¡Democrats¡¡on¡¡the¡¡car£»¡¡joined¡¡in¡¡the¡¡hilarity¡¡of¡¡the¡¡occasion¡£
He¡¡came¡¡to¡¡me¡¡when¡¡he¡¡was¡¡running¡¡for¡¡the¡¡second¡¡time¡¡for¡¡Congress£»¡¡and¡¡said¡¡that¡¡some¡¡of¡¡the¡¡people¡¡of¡¡his¡¡district¡¡were¡¡anxious¡¡for¡¡me¡¡to¡¡deliver¡¡an¡¡address¡¡for¡¡one¡¡of¡¡their¡¡pet¡¡charities£»¡¡and¡¡that¡¡the¡¡meeting¡¡would¡¡be¡¡held¡¡in¡¡Harlem£»¡¡naming¡¡the¡¡evening¡£¡¡¡¡I¡¡told¡¡him¡¡I¡¡would¡¡go¡£¡¡¡¡He¡¡came¡¡for¡¡me¡¡in¡¡his¡¡carriage£»¡¡and¡¡I¡¡said£º¡¡¡¨Governor£»¡¡please¡¡do¡¡not¡¡talk¡¡to¡¡me¡¡on¡¡the¡¡way¡¡up¡£¡¡¡¡I¡¡was¡¡so¡¡busy¡¡that¡¡I¡¡have¡¡had¡¡no¡¡time¡¡since¡¡I¡¡left¡¡my¡¡office¡¡this¡¡afternoon¡¡to¡¡prepare¡¡this¡¡address£»¡¡and¡¡I¡¡want¡¡every¡¡minute¡¡while¡¡we¡¡are¡¡riding¡¡to¡¡the¡¡meeting¡£¡¨
The¡¡meeting¡¡was¡¡a¡¡large¡¡one¡£¡¡¡¡The¡¡governor¡¡took¡¡the¡¡chair¡¡and¡¡introduced¡¡me¡¡in¡¡this¡¡original¡¡way£º¡¡¡¡¡¨Ladies¡¡and¡¡gentlemen£»¡¨¡¡he¡¡said£»¡¡¡¨I¡¡want¡¡to¡¡say¡¡about¡¡Chauncey¡¡Depew£»¡¡whom¡¡I¡¡am¡¡now¡¡going¡¡to¡¡introduce¡¡to¡¡you¡¡as¡¡the¡¡lecturer¡¡of¡¡the¡¡evening£»¡¡that¡¡he¡¡is¡¡no¡¡Demosthenes£»¡¡because¡¡he¡¡can¡¡beat¡¡Demosthenes¡¡out¡¡of¡¡sight¡£¡¡¡¡He¡¡prepared¡¡his¡¡speech¡¡in¡¡the¡¡carriage¡¡in¡¡which¡¡I¡¡was¡¡bringing¡¡him¡¡up¡¡here£»¡¡and¡¡he¡¡don't¡¡have£»¡¡like¡¡the¡¡old¡¡Greek£»¡¡to¡¡chew¡¡pebble¡stones¡¡in¡¡order¡¡to¡¡make¡¡a¡¡speech¡£¡¨
Governor¡¡Flower¡¡in¡¡a¡¡conservative¡¡way¡¡was¡¡a¡¡successful¡¡trader¡¡in¡¡the¡¡stock¡¡market¡£¡¡¡¡When¡¡he¡¡felt¡¡he¡¡had¡¡a¡¡sure¡¡point¡¡he¡¡would¡¡share¡¡it¡¡with¡¡a¡¡few¡¡friends¡£¡¡¡¡He¡¡took¡¡special¡¡delight¡¡in¡¡helping¡¡in¡¡this¡¡way¡¡men¡¡who¡¡had¡¡little¡¡means¡¡and¡¡no¡¡knowledge¡¡of¡¡the¡¡art¡¡of¡¡moneymaking¡£¡¡¡¡There¡¡were¡¡a¡¡great¡¡many¡¡benefited¡¡by¡¡his¡¡bounty¡£
I¡¡was¡¡dining¡¡one¡¡night¡¡with¡¡the¡¡Gridiron¡¡Club¡¡at¡¡Washington£»¡¡and¡¡before¡¡me¡¡was¡¡a¡¡plate¡¡of¡¡radishes¡£¡¡¡¡The¡¡newspaper¡¡man¡¡next¡¡to¡¡me¡¡asked¡¡if¡¡I¡¡would¡¡object¡¡to¡¡having¡¡the¡¡radishes¡¡removed¡£
I¡¡said£º¡¡¡¡¡¨There¡¡is¡¡no¡¡odor¡¡or¡¡perfume¡¡from¡¡them¡£¡¡¡¡What¡¡is¡¡the¡¡matter¡¡with¡¡the¡¡radishes£¿¡¨
After¡¡they¡¡were¡¡taken¡¡away¡¡he¡¡told¡¡me¡¡his¡¡story¡£¡¡¡¡¡¨Governor¡¡Flower£»¡¨¡¡he¡¡said£»¡¡¡¨was¡¡very¡¡kind¡¡to¡¡me£»¡¡as¡¡he¡¡invariably¡¡was¡¡to¡¡all¡¡newspaper¡¡men¡£¡¡¡¡He¡¡asked¡¡me¡¡one¡¡day¡¡how¡¡much¡¡I¡¡had¡¡saved¡¡in¡¡my¡¡twenty¡¡years¡¡in¡¡journalism¡£¡¡¡¡I¡¡told¡¡him¡¡ten¡¡thousand¡¡dollars¡£¡¡¡¡He¡¡said£º¡¡¡¡'That¡¡is¡¡not¡¡enough¡¡for¡¡so¡¡long¡¡a¡¡period¡£¡¡¡¡Let¡¡me¡¡have¡¡the¡¡money¡£'¡¡¡¡So¡¡I¡¡handed¡¡over¡¡to¡¡him¡¡my¡¡bank¡account¡£¡¡¡¡In¡¡a¡¡few¡¡weeks¡¡he¡¡told¡¡me¡¡that¡¡my¡¡ten¡¡thousand¡¡dollars¡¡had¡¡become¡¡twenty£»¡¡and¡¡I¡¡could¡¡have¡¡them¡¡if¡¡I¡¡wished¡£¡¡¡¡I¡¡said£º¡¡¡¡'No£»¡¡you¡¡are¡¡doing¡¡far¡¡better¡¡than¡¡I¡¡could¡£¡¡¡¡Keep¡¡it¡£'¡¡¡¡In¡¡about¡¡a¡¡month¡¡or¡¡more¡¡my¡¡account¡¡had¡¡grown¡¡to¡¡thirty¡¡thousand¡¡dollars¡£¡¡¡¡Then¡¡the¡¡governor¡¡on¡¡a¡¡very¡¡hot¡¡day¡¡went¡¡fishing¡¡somewhere¡¡off¡¡the¡¡Long¡¡Island¡¡coast¡£¡¡¡¡He¡¡was¡¡a¡¡very¡¡large£»¡¡heavy¡¡man£»¡¡became¡¡overheated£»¡¡and¡¡on¡¡his¡¡return¡¡drank¡¡a¡¡lot¡¡of¡¡ice¡water¡¡and¡¡ate¡¡a¡¡bunch¡¡of¡¡radishes¡£¡¡¡¡He¡¡died¡¡that¡¡afternoon¡£¡¡¡¡There¡¡was¡¡a¡¡panic¡¡in¡¡the¡¡stocks¡¡which¡¡were¡¡his¡¡favorites¡¡the¡¡next¡¡day£»¡¡and¡¡they¡¡fell¡¡out¡¡of¡¡sight¡£¡¡¡¡The¡¡result¡¡was¡¡that¡¡I¡¡lost¡¡my¡¡fortune¡¡of¡¡ten¡¡thousand¡¡dollars¡¡and¡¡also¡¡my¡¡profit¡¡of¡¡twenty¡£¡¡¡¡Since¡¡then¡¡the¡¡sight¡¡of¡¡a¡¡radish¡¡makes¡¡me¡¡sick¡£¡¨
XVIII¡£¡¡¡¡FIFTY¡SIX¡¡YEARS¡¡WITH¡¡THE¡¡NEW¡¡YORK¡¡CENTRAL¡¡RAILROAD¡¡COMPANY
Heredity¡¡has¡¡much¡¡to¡¡do¡¡with¡¡a¡¡man's¡¡career¡£¡¡¡¡The¡¡village¡¡of¡¡Peekskill¡on¡the¡Hudson£»¡¡about¡¡forty¡¡miles¡¡from¡¡New¡¡York£»¡¡was¡¡in¡¡the¡¡early¡¡days¡¡the¡¡market¡town¡¡of¡¡a¡¡large¡¡section¡¡of¡¡the¡¡surrounding¡¡country£»¡¡extending¡¡over¡¡to¡¡the¡¡State¡¡of¡¡Connecticut¡£¡¡It¡¡was¡¡a¡¡farming¡¡region£»¡¡and¡¡its¡¡products¡¡destined¡¡for¡¡New¡¡York¡¡City¡¡were¡¡shipped¡¡by¡¡sloops¡¡on¡¡the¡¡Hudson¡¡from¡¡the¡¡wharfs¡¡at¡¡Peekskill£»¡¡and¡¡the¡¡return¡¡voyage¡¡brought¡¡back¡¡the¡¡merchandise¡¡required¡¡by¡¡the¡¡country¡£
My¡¡father¡¡and¡¡his¡¡brother¡¡owned¡¡the¡¡majority¡¡of¡¡the¡¡sloops¡¡engaged¡¡in¡¡this£»¡¡at¡¡that¡¡time£»¡¡almost¡¡the¡¡only¡¡transportation¡£¡¡¡¡The¡¡sloops¡¡were¡¡succeeded¡¡by¡¡steamboats¡¡in¡¡which¡¡my¡¡people¡¡were¡¡also¡¡interested¡£¡¡¡¡When¡¡Commodore¡¡Vanderbilt¡¡entered¡¡into¡¡active¡¡rivalry¡¡with¡¡the¡¡other¡¡steamboat¡¡lines¡¡between¡¡New¡¡York¡¡and¡¡Albany£»¡¡the¡¡competition¡¡became¡¡very¡¡serious¡£¡¡¡¡Newer¡¡and¡¡faster¡¡boats¡¡were¡¡rapidly¡¡built¡£¡¡¡¡These¡¡racers¡¡would¡¡reach¡¡the¡¡Bay¡¡of¡¡Peekskill¡¡in¡¡the¡¡late¡¡afternoon£»¡¡and¡¡the¡¡younger¡¡population¡¡of¡¡the¡¡village¡¡would¡¡be¡¡on¡¡the¡¡banks¡¡of¡¡the¡¡river£»¡¡enthusiastically¡¡applauding¡¡their¡¡favorites¡£¡¡¡¡Among¡¡well¡known¡¡boats¡¡whose¡¡names¡¡and¡¡achievements¡¡excited¡¡as¡¡much¡¡interest¡¡and¡¡aroused¡¡as¡¡much¡¡partisanship¡¡and¡¡sporting¡¡spirit¡¡as¡¡do¡¡now¡¡famous¡¡race¡horses¡¡or¡¡baseball¡¡champions£»¡¡were¡¡the¡¡following£º¡¡¡¡Mary¡¡Powell£»¡¡Dean¡¡Ricbmond£»¡¡The¡¡Alida£»¡¡and¡¡The¡¡Hendrick¡¡Hudson¡£
I¡¡remember¡¡as¡¡if¡¡it¡¡were¡¡yesterday¡¡when¡¡the¡¡Hudson¡¡River¡¡Railroad¡¡had¡¡reached¡¡Peekskill£»¡¡and¡¡the¡¡event¡¡was¡¡locally¡¡celebrated¡£¡¡¡¡The¡¡people¡¡came¡¡in¡¡as¡¡to¡¡a¡¡county¡¡fair¡¡from¡¡fifty¡¡miles¡¡around¡£¡¡¡¡When¡¡the¡¡locomotive¡¡steamed¡¡into¡¡the¡¡station¡¡many¡¡of¡¡those¡¡present¡¡had¡¡never¡¡seen¡¡one¡£¡¡¡¡The¡¡engineer¡¡was¡¡continuously¡¡blowing¡¡his¡¡whistle¡¡to¡¡emphasize¡¡the¡¡great¡¡event¡£¡¡¡¡This¡¡produced¡¡much¡¡consternation¡¡and¡¡confusion¡¡among¡¡the¡¡horses£»¡¡as¡¡all¡¡farmers¡¡were¡¡there¡¡with¡¡their¡¡families¡¡in¡¡carriages¡¡or¡¡wagons¡£
I¡¡recall¡¡one¡¡team¡¡of¡¡young¡¡horses¡¡which¡¡were¡¡driven¡¡to¡¡frenzy£»¡¡their¡¡owner¡¡was¡¡unable¡¡to¡¡control¡¡them£»¡¡but¡¡he¡¡kept¡¡them¡¡on¡¡the¡¡road¡¡while¡¡they¡¡ran¡¡away¡¡with¡¡a¡¡wild¡¡dash¡¡over¡¡the¡¡hills¡£¡¡¡¡In¡¡telling¡¡this¡¡story£»¡¡as¡¡illustrating¡¡how¡¡recent¡¡is¡¡railway¡¡development¡¡in¡¡the¡¡United¡¡States£»¡¡at¡¡a¡¡dinner¡¡abroad£»¡¡I¡¡stated¡¡that¡¡as¡¡far¡¡as¡¡I¡¡knew¡¡and¡¡believed£»¡¡those¡¡horses¡¡were¡¡so¡¡frightened¡¡that¡¡they¡¡could¡¡not¡¡be¡¡stopped¡¡and¡¡were¡¡still¡¡running¡£¡¡¡¡A¡¡very¡¡successful¡¡and¡¡serious¡minded¡¡captain¡¡of¡¡industry¡¡among¡¡the¡¡guests¡¡sternly¡¡rebuked¡¡me¡¡by¡¡saying£º¡¡¡¡¡¨Sir£»¡¡that¡¡is¡¡impossible£»¡¡horses¡¡were¡¡never¡¡born¡¡that¡¡could¡¡run¡¡for¡¡twenty¡five¡¡years¡¡without¡¡stopping¡£¡¨¡¡American¡¡exaggeration¡¡was¡¡not¡¡so¡¡well¡¡known¡¡among¡¡our¡¡friends¡¡on¡¡the¡¡other¡¡side¡¡then¡¡as¡¡it¡¡is¡¡now¡£
As¡¡we¡¡boys¡¡of¡¡the¡¡village¡¡were¡¡gathered¡¡on¡¡the¡¡banks¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Hudson¡¡cheering¡¡our¡¡favorite¡¡steamers£»¡¡or¡¡watching¡¡with¡¡eager¡¡interest¡¡the¡¡movements¡¡of¡¡the¡¡trains£»¡¡a¡¡frequent¡¡discussion¡¡would¡¡be¡¡about¡¡our¡¡ambitions¡¡in¡¡life¡£¡¡¡¡Every¡¡young¡¡fellow¡¡would¡¡state¡¡a¡¡dream¡¡which¡¡he¡¡hoped¡¡but¡¡never¡¡expected¡¡to¡¡be¡¡realized¡£¡¡¡¡I¡¡was¡¡charged¡¡by¡¡my¡¡companions¡¡with¡¡having¡¡the¡¡greatest¡¡imagination¡¡and¡¡with¡¡painting¡¡more¡¡pictures¡¡in¡¡the¡¡skies¡¡than¡¡any¡¡of¡¡them¡£¡¡¡¡This¡¡was¡¡because¡¡I¡¡stated¡¡that¡¡in¡¡politics£»¡¡for¡¡I¡¡was¡¡a¡¡great¡¡admirer¡¡of¡¡William¡¡H¡£¡¡Seward£»¡¡then¡¡senator¡¡from¡¡New¡¡York£»¡¡I¡¡expected¡¡to¡¡be¡¡a¡¡United¡¡States¡¡senator£»¡¡and¡¡in¡¡business£»¡¡because¡¡then¡¡the¡¡largest¡¡figure¡¡in¡¡the¡¡business¡¡world¡¡was¡¡Commodore¡¡Vanderbilt£»¡¡I¡¡hoped¡¡to¡¡become¡¡president¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Hudson¡¡River¡¡Railroad¡£¡¡¡¡It¡¡is¡¡one¡¡of¡¡the¡¡strangest¡¡incidents¡¡of¡¡what¡¡seemed¡¡the¡¡wild¡¡imaginings¡¡of¡¡a¡¡village¡¡boy¡¡that¡¡in¡¡the¡¡course¡¡of¡¡long¡¡years¡¡both¡¡these¡¡expectations¡¡were¡¡realized¡£
When¡¡I¡¡entered¡¡the¡¡service¡¡of¡¡the¡¡railroad¡¡on¡¡the¡¡first¡¡of¡¡January£»¡¡1866£»¡¡the¡¡Vanderbilt¡¡system¡¡consisted¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Hudson¡¡River¡¡and¡¡Harlem¡¡Railroads£»¡¡the¡¡Harlem¡¡ending¡¡at¡¡Chatham£»¡¡128¡¡miles£»¡¡and¡¡the¡¡Hudson¡¡River¡¡at¡¡Albany£»¡¡140¡¡miles¡¡long¡£¡¡¡¡The¡¡Vanderbilt¡¡system¡¡now¡¡covers¡¡20£»000¡¡miles¡£¡¡¡¡The¡¡total¡¡railway¡¡mileage¡¡of¡¡the¡¡whole¡¡United¡¡States¡¡at¡¡that¡¡time¡¡was¡¡36£»000£»¡¡and¡¡now¡¡it¡¡is¡¡261£»000¡¡miles¡£
My¡¡connection¡¡with¡¡the¡¡New¡¡York¡¡Central¡¡Railroad¡¡c