men of invention and industry-第10节

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French　Admiral；　that　she　forced　him　out　of　his　three…decked

wooden　castle；　and　chasing　the　Royal　Sun；　before　her；　forced　her

to　fly　for　shelter　among　the　rocks；　where　she　became　a　prey　to

lesser　vessels；　and　was　reduced　to　ashes。　　At　last；　in　the　reign

of　William　III。；　the　Sovereign　became　leaky　and　defective　with

age；　she　was　laid　up　at　Chatham；　and　being　set　on　fire　by

negligence　or　accident；　she　burnt　to　the　water's　edge。



To　return　to　the　history　of　Phineas　Pett。　　As　years　approached；

he　retired　from　office；　and　〃his　loving　son；〃　as　he　always

affectionately　designates　Peter；　succeeded　him　as　principal

shipwright；　Charles　I。　conferring　upon　him　the　honour　of

knighthood。　　Phineas　lived　for　ten　years　after　the　Sovereign　of

the　Seas　was　launched。　　In　the　burial　register　of　the　parish　of

Chatham　it　is　recorded；　〃Phineas　Pett；　Esqe。　and　Capt。；　was

buried　21st　August；　l647。〃＇33＇



Sir　Peter　Pett　was　almost　as　distinguished　as　his　father。　　He　was

the　builder　of　the　first　frigate；　The　Constant　Warwick。　　Sir

William　Symonds　says　of　this　vessel：　〃She　was　an　incomparable

sailer；　remarkable　for　her　sharpness　and　the　fineness　of　her

lines；　and　many　were　built　like　her。〃　　Pett　〃introduced　convex

lines　on　the　immersed　part　of　the　hull；　with　the　studding　and

sprit　sails；　and；　in　short；　he　appears　to　have　fully　deserved　his

character　of　being　the　best　ship　architect　of　his　time。〃＇34＇　Sir

Peter　Pett's　monument　in　Deptford　Old　Church　fully　records　his

services　to　England's　naval　power。



The　Petts　are　said　to　have　been　connected　with　shipbuilding　in

the　Thames　for　not　less　than　200　years。　　Fuller；　in　his　'Worthies

of　England；'　says　of　them〃I　am　credibly　informed　that　that

mystery　of　shipwrights　for　some　descents　hath　been　preserved

faithfully　in　families；　of　whom　the　Petts　about　Chatham　are　of

singular　regard。　　Good　success　have　they　with　their　skill；　and

carefully　keep　so　precious　a　pearl；　lest　otherwise　amongst　many

friends　some　foes　attain　unto　it。〃



The　late　Peter　Bolt；　member　for　Greenwich；　took　pride　in　being

descended　from　the　Petts；　but　so　far　as　we　know；　the　name　itself

has　died　out。　　In　1801；　when　Charnock's　'History　of　Marine

Architecture'　was　published；　Mr。　Pett；　of　Tovil；　near　Maidstone；

was　the　sole　representative　of　the　family。





Footnotes　for　Chapter　I。



＇1＇　This　was　not　the　first　voyage　of　a　steamer　between　England

and　America。　　The　Savannah　made　the　passage　from　New　York　to

Liverpool　as　early　as　1819；　but　steam　was　only　used　occasionally

during　the　voyage；　In　1825；　the　Enterprise；　with　engines　by

Maudslay；　made　the　voyage　from　Falmouth　to　Calcutta　in　113　days；

and　in　1828；　the　Curacoa　made　the　voyage　between　Holland　and　the

Dutch　West　Indies。　　But　in　all　these　cases；　steam　was　used　as　an

auxiliary；　and　not　as　the　one　essential　means　of　propulsion；　as

in　the　case　of　the　Sirius　and　the　Great　Western；　which　were　steam

voyages　only。



＇2＇　〃In　1862　the　steam　tonnage　of　the　country　was　537；000　tons；

in　1872；　it　was　1；537；000　tons；　and　in　1882；　it　had　reached

3；835；000　tons。〃Mr。　Chamberlain's　speech；　House　of　Commons；

19th　May；　1884。



＇3＇　The　last　visit　of　the　plague　was　in　1665。



＇4＇　Roll　of　Edward　the　Third's　Fleet。　　Cotton's　Library；　British

Museum。



＇5＇　Charnock's　History　Of　Marine　Architecture；　ii。　89。



＇6＇　State　Papers。　　Henry　VIII。　　Nos。　3496；　3616；　4633。　　The

principal　kinds　of　ordnance　at　that　time　were　these：The

〃Apostles；〃　so　called　from　the　head　of　an　Apostle　which　they

bore；　〃Curtows；〃　or　〃Courtaulx〃；　〃Culverins〃　and　〃Serpents〃；

〃Minions；〃　and　〃Potguns〃；　〃Nurembergers；〃　and　〃Bombards〃　or

mortars。



＇7＇　The　sum　of　all　costs　of　the　Harry　Grace　de　Dieu　and　three

small　galleys；　was　7708L。　5s。　3d。　　（S。P。O。　No。　5228；　Henry　VIII。）



＇8＇　Charnock；　ii。　47　（note）。



＇9＇　Macpherson；　Annals　of　Commerce；　ii。　126。



＇10＇　The　Huguenots：　their　Settlements；　Churches；　and　Industries；

in　England　and　Ireland；　ch。　iv。



＇11＇　Macpherson；　Annals　of　Commerce；　ii。　156。



＇12＇　Ibid。　ii。　85。



＇13＇　Picton's　Selections　from　the　Municipal　Archives　and　Records

of　Liverpool；　p。　90。　　About　a　hundred　years　later；　in　1757；　the

gross　customs　receipts　of　Liverpool　had　increased　to　198；946L。；

whilst　those　of　Bristol　were　as　much　as　351；211L。　　In　1883；　the

amount　of　tonnage　of　Liverpool；　inwards　and　outwards；　was

8；527；531　tons；　and　the　total　dock　revenue　for　the　year　was

1；273；752L。！



＇14＇　There　were　not　only　Algerine　but　English　pirates　scouring

the　seas。　　Keutzner；　the　German；　who　wrote　in　Elizabeth's　reign；

said；　〃The　English　are　good　sailors　and　famous　pirates　（sunt　boni

nautae　et　insignis　pyratae）。〃　　Roberts；　in　his　Social　History　of

the　Southern　Counties　（p。　93）；　observes；　〃Elizabeth　had　employed

many　English　as　privateers　against　the　Spaniard。　　After　the　war；

many　were　loth　to　lead　an　inactive　life。　　They　had　their

commissions　revoked；　and　were　proclaimed　pirates。　　The　public

looked　upon　them　as　gallant　fellows；　the　merchants　gave　them

underhand　support；　and　even　the　authorities　in　maritime　towns

connived　at　the　sale　of　their　plunder。　　In　spite　of

proclamations；　during　the　first　five　years　after　the　accession　of

James　I。；　there　were　continual　complaints。　　This　lawless　way　of

life　even　became　popular。　　Many　Englishmen　furnished　themselves

with　good　ships　and　scoured　the　seas；　but　little　careful　whom

they　might　plunder。〃　　It　was　found　very　difficult　to　put　down

piracy。　　According　to　Oliver's　History　of　the　city　of　Exeter；　not

less　than　〃fifteen　sail　of　Turks〃　held　the　English　Channel；

snapping　up　merchantmen；　in　the　middle　of　the　seventeenth

century！　　The　harbours　in　the　south…west　were　infested　by　Moslem

pirates；　who　attacked　and　plundered　the　ships；　and　carried　their

crews　into　captivity。　　The　loss；　even　to　an　inland　port　like

Exeter；　in　ships；　money；　and　men；　was　enormous。



＇15＇　Naval　Tracts；　p。　294。



＇16＇　This　poem　is　now　very　rare。　　It　is　not　in　the　British

Museum。



＇17＇　There　are　three　copies　extant　of　the　autobiography；　all　of

which　are　in　the　British　Museum。　　In　the　main；　they　differ　but

slightly　from　each　other。　　Not　one　of　them　has　been　published　in

extenso。　　In　December；　1795；　and　in　February；　1796；　Dr。　Samuel

Denne　communicated　to　the　Society　of　Antiquaries　particulars　of

two　of　these　MSS。；　and　subsequently　published　copious　extracts

from　them　in　their　transactions　（Archae。　xii。　anno　1796）；　in　a

very　irregular　and　careless　manner。　　It　is　probable　that　Dr。

Denne　never　saw　the　original　manuscript；　but　only　a　garbled　copy

of　it。　　The　above　narrative　has　been　taken　from　the　original；　and

collated　with　the　documents　in　the　State　Paper　Office。



＇18＇　See；　for　instance；　the　Index　to　the　Journals　of　Records　of

the　Corporation　of　the　City　of　London　（No。　2；　p。　346；　15901694）

under　the　head　of　〃Sir　Walter　Raleigh。〃　　There　is　a　document

dated　the　15th　November；　1593；　in　the　35th　of　Elizabeth；　which

runs　as　follows：　〃Committee　appointed　on　behalf　of　such　of　the

City　Companies　as　have　ventured　in　the　late　Fleet　set　forward　by

Sir　Walter　Raleigh；　Knight；　and　others；　to　join　with　such

honourable　personages　as　the　Queen　hath　appointed；　to　take　a

perfect　view　of　all　such　goods；　prizes；　spices；　jewels；　pearls；

treasures；　&c。；　lately　taken　in　the　Carrack；　and　to　make　sale　and

division　（Jor。　23；　p。　156）。　　Suit　to　be　made　to　the　Queen　and

Privy　Council　for　the　buying　of　the　goods；　&c。；　lately　taken　at

sea　in　the　Carrack；　a　committee　appointed　to　take　order

accordingly；　the　benefit　or　loss　arising　thereon　to　be　divided

and　borne　between　the　Chamber　＇of　the　Corporation　of　the　City＇

and　the　Companies　that　adventured　（157）。　　The　several　Companies

that　adventured　at　sea　with　Sir　Waiter　Raleigh　to　accept　so　much

of　the　goods　taken　in　the　Carrack　to　the　value　of　12；000L。

according　to　the　Queen's　offer。　　A　committee　appointed　to

acquaint　the　Lords　of　the　Council　with　the　City's　acceptance

thereof　（167）。　　Committee　for　sale　of　the　Carrack　goods　appointed

（174）。　　Bonds　for　sale　to　be　sealed　（196）。。。。　　Committee　to　audit

accounts　of　a　former　adventure　（224　b。）。〃



＇19＇　There　were　three　sisters　in　all；　the　eldest　of　whom

（Abigail）　fell　a　victim　to　the　cruelty　of　Nunn；　who　struck　her

across　the　head　with　the　fire…tongs；　from　the　effects　of　which

she　died　in　three　days。　　Nunn　was　tried　and　convicted　of

manslaughter。　　He　died　shortly　after。　　Mrs。　Nunn；　Phineas's

mother；　was　already　dead。



＇20＇　It　would　seem；　from　a　paper　hereafter　to　be　more

particularly　referred　to；　that　the　government　encouraged　the

owners　of　ships　and　others　to　clear　the　seas　of　these　pirates；

agreeing　to　pay　them　for　their　labours。　　In　1622；　Pett　fitted　out

an　expedition　against　these　pests　of　navigation；　but　experienced

some　difficulty　in　getting　his　expenses　repaid。



＇21＇　See　grant　S。P。O。；　29th　May；　1605。



＇22＇　An　engraving　of　this　remarkable　ship　is　given　in　Charnock's

History　of　Marine　Archit