the essays of montaigne, v13-第11节
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acquainted with the stone: their commerce and long converse do not well
pass away without some such inconvenience。 I could have been glad that
of other infirmities age has to present long…lived men withal; it had
chosen some one that would have been more welcome to me; for it could not
possibly have laid upon me a disease for which; even from my infancy; I
have had so great a horror; and it is; in truth; of all the accidents of
old age; that of which I have ever been most afraid。 I have often
thought with myself that I went on too far; and that in so long a voyage
I should at last run myself into some disadvantage; I perceived; and have
often enough declared; that it was time to depart; and that life should
be cut off in the sound and living part; according to the surgeon's rule
in amputations; and that nature made him pay very strict usury who did
not in due time pay the principal。 And yet I was so far from being
ready; that in the eighteen months' time or thereabout that I have been
in this uneasy condition; I have so inured myself to it as to be content
to live on in it; and have found wherein to comfort myself; and to hope:
so much are men enslaved to their miserable being; that there is no
condition so wretched they will not accept; provided they may live! Hear
Maecenas:
〃Debilem facito manu;
Debilem pede; coxa;
Lubricos quate dentes;
Vita dum superest; bene est。〃
'〃Cripple my hand; foot; hip; shake out my loose teeth: while
there's life; 'tis well。〃Apud Seneca; Ep。; 101。'
And Tamerlane; with a foolish humanity; palliated the fantastic cruelty
he exercised upon lepers; when he put all he could hear of to death; to
deliver them; as he pretended; from the painful life they lived。 For
there was not one of them who would not rather have been thrice a leper
than be not。 And Antisthenes the Stoic; being very sick; and crying out;
〃Who will deliver me from these evils?〃 Diogenes; who had come to visit
him; 〃This;〃 said he; presenting him a knife; 〃soon enough; if thou
wilt。〃〃I do not mean from my life;〃 he replied; 〃but from my
sufferings。〃 The sufferings that only attack the mind; I am not so
sensible of as most other men; and this partly out of judgment; for the
world looks upon several things as dreadful or to be avoided at the
expense of life; that are almost indifferent to me: partly; through a
dull and insensible complexion I have in accidents which do not point…
blank hit me; and that insensibility I look upon as one of the best parts
of my natural condition; but essential and corporeal pains I am very
sensible of。 And yet; having long since foreseen them; though with a
sight weak and delicate and softened with the long and happy health and
quiet that God has been pleased to give me the greatest part of my time;
I had in my imagination fancied them so insupportable; that; in truth; I
was more afraid than I have since found I had cause: by which I am still
more fortified in this belief; that most of the faculties of the soul; as
we employ them; more trouble the repose of life than they are any way
useful to it。
I am in conflict with the worst; the most sudden; the most painful; the
most mortal; and the most irremediable of all diseases; I have already
had the trial of five or six very long and very painful fits; and yet I
either flatter myself; or there is even in this state what is very well
to be endured by a man who has his soul free from the fear of death; and
of the menaces; conclusions; and consequences which physic is ever
thundering in our ears; but the effect even of pain itself is not so
sharp and intolerable as to put a man of understanding into rage and
despair。 I have at least this advantage by my stone; that what I could
not hitherto prevail upon myself to resolve upon; as to reconciling and
acquainting myself with death; it will perfect; for the more it presses
upon and importunes me; I shall be so much the less afraid to die。 I had
already gone so far as only to love life for life's sake; but my pain
will dissolve this intelligence; and God grant that in the end; should
the sharpness of it be once greater than I shall be able to bear; it does
not throw me into the other no less vicious extreme to desire and wish to
die!
〃Summum nec metuas diem; nec optes:〃
'〃Neither to wish; nor fear to die。〃 (Or:)
〃Thou shouldest neither fear nor desire the last day。〃
Martial; x。 7。'
they are two passions to be feared; but the one has its remedy much
nearer at hand than the other。
As to the rest; I have always found the precept that so rigorously
enjoins a resolute countenance and disdainful and indifferent comportment
in the toleration of infirmities to be ceremonial。 Why should
philosophy; which only has respect to life and effects; trouble itself
about these external appearances? Let us leave that care to actors and
masters of rhetoric; who set so great a value upon our gestures。 Let her
allow this vocal frailty to disease; if it be neither cordial nor
stomachic; and permit the ordinary ways of expressing grief by sighs;
sobs; palpitations; and turning pale; that nature has put out of our
power; provided the courage be undaunted; and the tones not expressive
of despair; let her be satisfied。 What matter the wringing of our hands;
if we do not wring our thoughts? She forms us for ourselves; not for
others; to be; not to seem; let her be satisfied with governing our
understanding; which she has taken upon her the care of instructing;
that; in the fury of the colic; she maintain the soul in a condition to
know itself; and to follow its accustomed way; contending with; and
enduring; not meanly truckling under pain; moved and heated; not subdued
and conquered; in the contention; capable of discourse and other things;
to a certain degree。 In such extreme accidents; 'tis cruelty to require
so exact a composedness。 'Tis no great matter that we make a wry face;
if the mind plays its part well: if the body find itself relieved by
complaining let it complain: if agitation ease it; let it tumble and toss
at pleasure; if it seem to find the disease evaporate (as some physicians
hold that it helps women in delivery) in making loud outcries; or if this
do but divert its torments; let it roar as it will。 Let us not command
this voice to sally; but stop it not。 Epicurus; not only forgives his
sage for crying out in torments; but advises him to it:
〃Pugiles etiam; quum feriunt; in jactandis caestibus
ingemiscunt; quia profundenda voce omne corpus intenditur;
venitque plaga vehementior。〃
'〃Boxers also; when they strike; groan in the act; because with the
strength of voice the whole body is carried; and the blow comes with
the greater vehemence。〃Cicero; Tusc。 Quaes。; ii。 23。'
We have enough to do to deal with the disease; without troubling
ourselves with these superfluous rules。
Which I say in excuse of those whom we ordinarily see impatient in the
assaults of this malady; for as to what concerns myself; I have passed it
over hitherto with a little better countenance; and contented myself with
groaning without roaring out; not; nevertheless; that I put any great
constraint upon myself to maintain this exterior decorum; for I make
little account of such an advantage: I allow herein as much as the pain
requires; but either my pains are not so excessive; or I have more than
ordinary patience。 I complain; I confess; and am a little impatient in a
very sharp fit; but I do not arrive to such a degree of despair as he who
with:
〃Ejulatu; questu; gemitu; fremitibus
Resonando; multum flebiles voces refert:〃
'〃Howling; roaring; groaning with a thousand noises; expressing his
torment in a dismal voice。〃 (Or:) 〃Wailing; complaining; groaning;
murmuring much avail lugubrious sounds。〃Verses of Attius; in his
Phaloctetes; quoted by Cicero; De Finib。; ii。 29; Tusc。 Quaes。;
ii。 14。'
I try myself in the depth of my suffering; and have always found that I
was in a capacity to speak; think; and give a rational answer as well as
at any other time; but not so firmly; being troubled and interrupted by
the pain。 When I am looked upon by my visitors to be in the greatest
torment; and that they therefore forbear to trouble me; I often essay my
own strength; and myself set some discourse on foot; the most remote I
can contrive from my present condition。 I can do anything upon a sudden
endeavour; but it must not continue long。 Oh; what pity 'tis I have not
the faculty of that dreamer in Cicero; who dreaming he was lying with a
wench; found he had discharged his stone in the sheets。 My pains
strangely deaden my appetite that way。 In the intervals from this
excessive torment; when my ureters only languish without any great dolor;
I presently feel myself in my wonted state; forasmuch as my soul takes no
other alarm but what is sensible and corporal; which I certainly owe to
the care I have had of preparing myself by meditation against such