富爸爸、穷爸爸(英文版)-第17节

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le　to　help　them　out
Of　debt。　That　is　why　I　say　someone's　net　worth　is　often　〃worth　less〃　than　they　think。
Start　minding　your　own　business。　Keep　your　daytime　job；　but　start　buying　real　assets；　not　liabilities　or　personal　effects　that　have　no　real　value　once　you　get　them　home。　A　new　car　loses　nearly　25　percent　of　the　price　you　pay　for　it　the　moment　you　drive　it　off　the　lot。　It　is　not　a　true　asset　even　if　your　banker　lets　you　list　it　as　one。　　My　400　new　titanium　driver　was　worth　S150　the　moment　I　teed　off。
For　adults；　keep　your　expenses　low；　reduce　your　liabilities　and　diligently　build　a　base　of　solid　assets。　For　young　people　who　have　not　yet　left　home；　it　is　important　for　parents　to　teach　them　the　difference　between　an　asset　and　a　liability。　　Get　them　to　start　building　a　solid　asset　column　before　they　leave　home；　get　married；　buy　a　house；　have　kids　and　get　stuck　in　a　risky　financial　position；　clinging　to　a　job　and　buying　everything　on　credit。　　I　see　so　many　young　couples　who　get　married　and　trap　themselves　into　a　lifestyle　that　will　not　let　them　get　out　of　debt　for　most　of　their　working　years。
For　most　people；　just　as　the　last　child　leaves　home；　the　parents　realize　they　have　not　adequately　prepared　for　retirement　and　they　begin　to　scramble　to　put　some　money　away。　Then；　their　own　parents　become　ill　and　they　find　themselves　with　new　responsibilities。
So　what　kind　of　assets　am　I　suggesting　that　you　or　your　children　acquire？　In　my　world；　real　assets　fall　into　several　different　categories：
1。　Businesses　that　do　not　require　my　presence。　I　own　them；　but　they　are　managed　or　run　by　other　people。　　If　I　have　to　work　there；　it's　not　a　business。　　It　becomes　my　job。
2。　Stocks。
3。　Bonds。
4。　Mutual　funds。
5。　Income…generating　real　estate。
6。　Notes　（lOUs）。
7。　Royalties　from　intellectual　property　such　as　music；　scripts；　patents。
8。　And　anything　else　that　has　value；　produces　income　or　appreciates　and　has　a　ready　market。
As　a　young　boy；　my　educated　dad　encouraged　me　to　find　a　safe　job。　My　rich　dad；　on　the　other　hand；　encouraged　me　to　begin　acquiring　assets　that　I　loved。　　〃If　you　don't　love　it；　you　won't　take　care　of　it。〃　I　collect　real　estate　simply　because　I　love　buildings　and　land。　　I　love　shopping　for　them。　　1　could　look　at　them　all　day　long。　When　problems　arise；　the　problems　are　not　so　bad　that　it　changes　my　love　for　real　estate。　　For　people　who　hate　real　estate；　they　shouldn't　buy　it。
I　love　stocks　of　small　companies；　especially　startups。　The　reason　is　that　I　am　an　entrepreneur；　not　a　corporate　person。　　　In　my　early　years。　I　worked　in　large　organizations；　such　as　Standard　Oil　of　California；　the　U。S。　Marine　Corps；　and　Xerox　Corp。　　I　enjoyed　my　time　with　those　organizations　and　have　fond　memories；　but　I　know　deep　down　I　am　not　a　company　man。　I　like　starting　companies；　not　running　them。　　So　my　slock　buys　are　usually　of　small　companies；　and　sometimes　I　even　start　the　company　and　take　it　public。　　Fortunes　are　made　in　new…stock　issues；　and　I　love　the　game。　Many　people　are　afraid　of　small…cap　companies　and　call　them　risky；　and　they　are。　But　risk　is　always　diminished　if　you　love　what　the　investment　is；　understand　it　and　know　the　game。　With　small　companies；　my　investment　strategy　is　to　be　out　of　the　stock　in　a　year。　　My　real　estate　strategy；　on　the　other　hand；　is　to　start　small　and　keep　trading　the　properties　up　for　bigger　properties　and；　therefore；　delaying　paying　taxes　on　the　gain。　This　allows　the　value　to　increase　dramatically。　I　generally　hold　real　estate　less　than　seven　years。
For　years；　even　while　I　was　with　the　Marine　Corps　and　Xerox；　I　did　what　my　rich　dad　recommended。　　I　kept　my　daytime　job；　but　I　still　minded　my　own　business。　I　was　active　in　my　asset　column。　　I　traded　real　estate　and　small　stocks。　　Rich　dad　always　stressed　the　importance　of　financial　literacy。　The　better　I　was　at　understanding　the　accounting　and　cash　management；　the　better　I　would　be　at　analyzing　investments　and　eventually　starting　and　building　my　own　company。
I　would　not　encourage　anyone　to　start　a　company　unless　they　really　want　to。　Knowing　what　I　know　about　running　a　company；　I　would　not　wish　that　task　on　anyone。　There　are　times　when　people　cannot　find　employment；　where　starting　a　company　is　a　solution　for　them。　　The　odds　are　against　success：　Nine　out　of　10　companies　fail　in　five　years。　　Of　those　that　survive　the　first　five　years；　nine　out　of　every　10　of　those　eventually　fail；　as　well。　　　So　only　if　you　really　have　the　desire　to　own　your　own　company　do　I　recommend　it。　Otherwise；　keep　your　daytime　job　and　mind　your　own　business。　When　I　say　mind　your　own　business；　1　mean　to　build　and　keep　your　asset　column　strong。　Once　a　dollar　goes　into　it；　never　let　it　come　out。　Think　of　it　this　way；　once　a　dollar　goes　into　your　asset　column；　it　becomes　your　employee。　The　best　thing　about　money　is　that　it　works　24　hours　a　day　and　can　work　for　generations。　　Keep　your　daytime　job；　be　a　great　hard…working　employee；　but　keep　building　that　asset　column。
As　your　cash　flow　grows；　you　can　buy　some　luxuries。　An　important　distinction　is　that　rich　people　buy　luxuries　last；　while　the　poor　and　middle　class　tend　to　buy　luxuries　first。　The　poor　and　the　middle　class　often　buy　luxury　items　such　as　big　houses；　diamonds；　furs；　jewelry　or　boats　because　they　want　to　look　rich。　They　look　rich；　but　in　reality　they　just　get　deeper　in　debt　on　credit。　The　old…money　people；　the　long…term　rich；　built　their　asset　column　first。　　Then；　the　income　generated　from　the　asset　column　bought　their　luxuries。　The　poor　and　middle　class　buy　luxuries　with　their　own　sweat；　blood　and　children's　inheritance。
A　true　luxury　is　a　reward　for　investing　in　and　developing　a　real　asset。　For　example；　when　my　wife　and　I　had　extra　money　coming　from　our　apartment　houses；　she　went　out　and　bought　her　Mercedes。　It　did　not　take　any　extra　work　or　risk　on　her　part　because　the　apartment　house　bought　the　car。　　She　did；　however；　have　to　wait　for　it　for　four　years　while　the　real　estate　investment　portfolio　grew　and　finally　began　throwing　off　enough　extra　cash　flow　to　pay　for　the　car。　　But　the　luxury；　the　Mercedes；　was　a　true　reward　because　she　had　proved　she　knew　how　to　grow　her　asset　column。　That　car　now　means　a　lot　more　to　her　than　simply　another　pretty　car。　　It　means　she　used　her　financial　intelligence　to　afford　it。
What　most　people　do　is　they　impulsively　go　out　and　buy　a　new　car；　or　some　other　luxury；　on　credit。　They　may　feel　bored　and　just　want　a　new　toy。　　Buying　a　luxury　on　credit　often　causes　a　person　to　sooner　or　later　actually　resent　that　luxury　because　the　debt　on　the　luxury　becomes　a　financial　burden。
After　you've　taken　the　time　and　invested　in　and　built　your　own　business；　you　are　now　ready　to　add　the　magic　touch…the　biggest　secret　of　the　rich。　The　secret　that　puts　the　rich　way　ahead　of　the　pack。　The　reward　at　the　end　of　the　road　for　diligently　taking　the　time　to　mind　your　own　business。

CHAPTER　FIVE　
Lesson　Four：The　History　of　and　The　Power　of　Corporation

I　remember　in　school　being　told　the　story　of　Robin　Hood　and　his　Merry　Men。　My　schoolteacher　thought　it　was　a　wonderful　story　of　a　romantic　hero；　a　Kevin　Costner　type；　who　robbed　from　the　rich　and　gave　to　the　poor。　My　rich　dad　did　not　see　Robin　Hood　as　a　hero。　He　called　Robin　Hood　a　crook。
Robin　Hood　may　be　long　gone；　but　his　followers　live　on。　How　often　I　still　hear　people　say；　〃Why　don't　the　rich　pay　for　it？〃　Or　〃The　rich　should　pay　more　in　taxes　and　give　it　to　the　poor。〃
It　is　this　idea　of　Robin　Hood；　or　taking　from　the　rich　to　give　to　the　poor　that　has　caused　the　most　pain　for　the　poor　and　the　middle　class。　The　reason　the　middle　class　is　so　heavily　taxed　is　because　of　the　Robin　Hood　ideal。　The　real　reality　is　that　the　rich　are　not　taxed。　It's　the　middle　class　who　pays　for　the　poor；　especially　the　educated　upper…income　middle　class。
Again；　to　understand　fully　how　things　happen；　we　need　to　look　at　the　historical　perspective。　We　need　to　look　at　the　history　of　taxes。　Although　my　highly　educated　dad　was　an　expert　on　the　history　of　education；　my　rich　dad　fashioned　himself　as　an　expert　on　the　history　of　taxes。
Rich　dad　explained　to　Mike　and　me　that　in　England　and　America　originally；　there　were　no　taxes。　Occasionally　there　were　temporary　taxes　levied　in　order　to　pay　for　wars。　The　king　or　the　president　would　put　the　word　out　and　ask　everyone　to　〃chip　in。〃　Taxes　were　levied　in　Britain　for　the　fight　against　Napoleon　from　1799　to　1816；　and　in　America　taxes　were　levied　to　pay　for　the　Civil　War　from　1861　to　1865。
In　1874；　England　made　income　tax　a　permanent　levy　on　its　citizens。　In　1913；　an　income　tax　became　permanent　in　the　United　States　with　the　adoption　of　the　16th　Amendment　to　the　Constitution。　At　one　time；　Americans　were　anti…tax。　It　had　been　the　excessive　tax　on　tea　that　led　to　the　famous　Tea　Party　in　Boston　Harbor；　an　incident　that　helped　ignite　the　Revolutionary　War。　It　took　approximately　50　years　in　both　England　and　　'？the　United　States　to　sell　the　idea　of　a　regular　income　tax。　；
What　these　historical　dates　fail　to　reveal　is　that　both　of　these　taxes　were　initially　levied　against　only　the　rich。　It　was　this　point　that　rich　dad　wanted　Mike　and　me　to　understand。　He　explained　that　the　idea　of　taxes　was　made　popular；　and　accepted　by　the　majority；　by　telling　the　poor　and　the　middle