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plenipotentiary of that; republic。  On the 30th day of August; 1849;

Senor Don Rafael Rivas was received by this government as charge

d'affaires of the same republic。 On the 5th day of December; 1851; a

consular convention was concluded between that republic and the

United States; which treaty was signed on behalf of the Republic of

Granada by the same Senor Rivas。  This treaty is still in force。  On

the 27th of April; 1852; Senor Don Victoriano de Diego Paredes was

received as charge d'affaires of the Republic of New Granada。  On the

20th of June; 1855; General Pedro Alcantara Herran was again received

as envoy extraordinary and minister plenipotentiary; duly accredited

by the Republic of New Granada; and he has ever since remained; under

the same credentials; as the representative of that republic near the

Government of the United States。  On the 10th of September; 1857; a

claims convention was concluded between the United States and the

Republic of Granada。  This convention is still in force; and has in

part been executed。  In May; 1858; the constitution of the republic

was remodelled; and the nation assumed the political title of 〃The

Granadian Confederacy。〃  This fact was formally announced to this

Government; but without any change in their representative here。

Previously to the 4th day of March; 1861; a revolutionary war against

the Republic of New Granada; which had thus been recognized and

treated with by the United States; broke out in New Granada; assuming

to set up a new government under the name of 〃United States of

Colombia。〃  This war has had various vicissitudes; sometimes

favorable; sometimes adverse; to the revolutionary movements。  The

revolutionary organization has hitherto been simply a military

provisionary power; and no definitive constitution of government has

yet been established in New Granada in place of that organized by the

constitution of 1858。  The minister of the United States to the

Granadian Confederacy; who was appointed on the 29th day of May;

1861; was directed; in view of the occupation of the capital by the

revolutionary party and of the uncertainty of the civil war; not to

present his credentials to either the government of the Granadian

Confederacy or to the provisional military government; but to conduct

his affairs informally; as is customary in such cases; and to report

the progress of events and await the instructions of this Government。

The advices which have been received from him have not hitherto; been

sufficiently conclusive to determine me to recognize the

revolutionary government。  General Herran being here; with full

authority from the Government of New Canada; which has been so long

recognized by the United States; I have not received any

representative from the revolutionary government; which has not yet

been recognized; because such a proceeding would be in itself an act

of recognition。



Official communications have been had on various incidental and

occasional questions with General Herran as the minister

plenipotentiary and envoy extraordinary of the Granadian Confederacy;

but in no other character。 No definitive measure or proceeding has

resulted from these communications; and a communication of them at

present would not; in my judgment; be compatible with the public

interest。



ABRAHAM LINCOLN。









TO SECRETARY OF WAR。



WASHINGTON; January 15; 1863。



SECRETARY OF WAR:



Please see Mr。 Stafford; who wants to assist in raising colored

troops in Missouri。



A。 LINCOLN。









PRINTING MONEY



MESSAGE TO CONGRESS。



January 17; 1863。



TO THE SENATE AND HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES:



I have signed the joint resolution to provide for the immediate

payment of the army and navy of the United States; passed by the

House of Representatives on the 14th and by the Senate on the 15th

instant。



The joint resolution is a simple authority; amounting; however; under

existing circumstances; to a direction; to the Secretary of the

Treasury to make an additional issue of 100;000;000 in United States

notes; if so much money is needed; for the payment of the army and

navy。



My approval is given in order that every possible facility may be

afforded for the prompt discharge of all arrears of pay due to our

soldiers and our sailors。



While giving this approval; however; I think it my duty to express my

sincere regret that it has been found necessary to authorize so large

an additional issue of United States notes; when this circulation and

that of the suspended banks together have become already so redundant

as to increase prices beyond real values; thereby augmenting the cost

of living to the injury of labor; and the cost of supplies to the

injury of the whole country。



It seems very plain that continued issues of United States notes

without any check to the issues of suspended banks; and without

adequate provision for the raising of money by loans and for funding

the issues so as to keep them within due limits; must soon produce

disastrous consequences; and this matter appears to me so important

that I feel bound to avail myself of this occasion to ask the special

attention of Congress to it。



That Congress has power to regulate the currency of the country can

hardly admit of doubt; and that a judicious measure to prevent the

deterioration of this currency; by a seasonable taxation of bank

circulation or otherwise; is needed seems equally clear。

Independently of this general consideration; it would be unjust to

the people at large to exempt banks enjoying the special privilege of

circulation from their just proportion of the public burdens。



In order to raise money by way of loans most easily and cheaply; it

is clearly necessary to give every possible support to the public

credit。  To that end a uniform currency; in which taxes;

subscriptions to loans; and all other ordinary public dues as well as

all private dues may be paid; is almost if not quite indispensable。

Such a currency can be furnished by banking associations organized

under a general act of Congress; as suggested in my message at the

beginning of the present session。  The securing of this circulation

by the pledge of United States bonds; as therein suggested; would

still further facilitate loans; by increasing the present and causing

a future demand for such bonds。



In view of the actual financial embarrassments of the government; and

of the greater embarrassment sure to come if the necessary means of

relief be not afforded; I feel that I should not perform my duty by a

simple announcement of my approval of the joint resolution; which

proposes relief only by increased circulation; without expressing my

earnest desire that measures such in substance as those I have just

referred to may receive the early sanction of Congress。  By such

measures; in my opinion; will payment be most certainly secured; not

only to the army and navy; but to all honest creditors of the

government; and satisfactory provision made for future demands on the

treasury。



ABRAHAM LINCOLN。









TO THE WORKING…MEN OF MANCHESTER; ENGLAND。



EXECUTIVE MANSION; WASHINGTON;

January; 1863。



TO THE WORKING…MEN OF MANCHESTER:



I have the honor to acknowledge the receipt of the address and

resolutions which you sent me on the eve of the new year。  When I

came; on the 4th of March; 1861; through a free and constitutional

election to fireside in the Government of the United States; the

country was found at the verge of civil war。  Whatever might have

been the cause; or whosesoever the fault; one duty; paramount to all

others; was before me; namely; to maintain and preserve at once the

Constitution and the integrity of the Federal Republic。

A conscientious purpose to perform this duty is the key to all the

measures of administration which have been and to all which will

hereafter be pursued。  Under our frame of government and my official

oath; I could not depart from this purpose if I would。  It is not

always in the power of governments to enlarge or restrict the scope

of moral results which follow the policies that they may deem it

necessary for the public safety from time to time to adopt。



I have understood well that the duty of self…preservation rests

solely with the American people; but I have at the same time been

aware that favor or disfavor of foreign nations might have a material

influence in enlarging or prolonging the struggle with disloyal men

in which the country is engaged。  A fair examination of history has

served to authorize a belief that the past actions and influences of

the United States were generally regarded as having been beneficial

toward mankind。  I have; therefore; reckoned upon the forbearance of

nations。  Circumstancesto some of which you kindly alludeinduce

me especially to expect that if justice and good faith should be

practised by

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