Ì«×ÓүС˵Íø > Ó¢Óïµç×ÓÊé > misc writings and speeches(Ã×˹¿Ë˵Óëд3) >

µÚ38½Ú

misc writings and speeches(Ã×˹¿Ë˵Óëд3)-µÚ38½Ú

С˵£º misc writings and speeches(Ã×˹¿Ë˵Óëд3) ×ÖÊý£º ÿҳ4000×Ö

°´¼üÅÌÉÏ·½Ïò¼ü ¡û »ò ¡ú ¿É¿ìËÙÉÏÏ·­Ò³£¬°´¼üÅÌÉ쵀 Enter ¼ü¿É»Øµ½±¾ÊéĿ¼ҳ£¬°´¼üÅÌÉÏ·½Ïò¼ü ¡ü ¿É»Øµ½±¾Ò³¶¥²¿£¡
¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ªÎ´ÔĶÁÍꣿ¼ÓÈëÊéÇ©ÒѱãÏ´μÌÐøÔĶÁ£¡




public¡¡¡¡¡¡life£»¡¡¡¡¡¡given¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡supporters¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡parliamentary¡¡¡¡¡¡reform¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡He¡¡¡¡¡¡had£»¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡

1785£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡brought¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡forward¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡¡¡judicious¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡plan¡¡¡¡¡¡for¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡improvement¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡

representative¡¡system£»¡¡and¡¡had¡¡prevailed¡¡on¡¡the¡¡King£»¡¡not¡¡only¡¡to¡¡refrain¡¡

from¡¡¡¡¡¡talking¡¡¡¡¡¡against¡¡¡¡¡¡that¡¡¡¡¡¡plan£»¡¡¡¡¡¡but¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡recommend¡¡¡¡¡¡it¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡Houses¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡

speech¡¡¡¡¡¡from¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡throne¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡£¨The¡¡¡¡¡¡speech¡¡¡¡¡¡with¡¡¡¡¡¡which¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡King¡¡¡¡¡¡opened¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡

session¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡1785£»¡¡¡¡¡¡concluded¡¡¡¡¡¡with¡¡¡¡¡¡an¡¡¡¡¡¡assurance¡¡¡¡¡¡that¡¡¡¡¡¡His¡¡¡¡¡¡Majesty¡¡¡¡¡¡would¡¡

heartily¡¡¡¡¡¡concur¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡every¡¡¡¡¡¡measure¡¡¡¡¡¡which¡¡¡¡¡¡could¡¡¡¡¡¡tend¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡secure¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡true¡¡

principles¡¡of¡¡the¡¡constitution¡£¡¡These¡¡words¡¡were¡¡at¡¡the¡¡time¡¡understood¡¡to¡¡

refer¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡Pitt's¡¡¡¡¡¡Reform¡¡¡¡¡¡Bill¡££©¡¡¡¡¡¡This¡¡¡¡¡¡attempt¡¡¡¡¡¡failed£»¡¡¡¡¡¡but¡¡¡¡¡¡there¡¡¡¡¡¡can¡¡¡¡¡¡be¡¡¡¡¡¡little¡¡

doubt¡¡that£»¡¡if¡¡the¡¡French¡¡Revolution¡¡had¡¡not¡¡produced¡¡a¡¡violent¡¡reaction¡¡of¡¡

public¡¡¡¡¡¡feeling£»¡¡¡¡¡¡Pitt¡¡¡¡¡¡would¡¡¡¡¡¡have¡¡¡¡¡¡performed£»¡¡¡¡¡¡with¡¡¡¡¡¡little¡¡¡¡¡¡difficulty¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡no¡¡

danger£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡that¡¡¡¡¡¡great¡¡¡¡¡¡work¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡which£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡at¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡later¡¡¡¡¡¡period£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Lord¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Grey¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡could¡¡

accomplish¡¡only¡¡by¡¡means¡¡which¡¡for¡¡a¡¡time¡¡loosened¡¡the¡¡very¡¡foundations¡¡

of¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡commonwealth¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡When¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡atrocities¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡slave¡¡¡¡¡¡trade¡¡¡¡¡¡were¡¡¡¡¡¡first¡¡

brought¡¡under¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡consideration¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡Parliament£»¡¡¡¡¡¡no¡¡¡¡¡¡abolitionist¡¡¡¡¡¡was¡¡¡¡¡¡more¡¡

zealous¡¡than¡¡Pitt¡£¡¡When¡¡sickness¡¡prevented¡¡Wilberforce¡¡from¡¡appearing¡¡in¡¡

public£»¡¡his¡¡place¡¡was¡¡most¡¡efficiently¡¡supplied¡¡by¡¡his¡¡friend¡¡the¡¡minister¡£¡¡A¡¡

humane¡¡bill£»¡¡¡¡which¡¡¡¡¡¡mitigated¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡horrors¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡the¡¡middle¡¡passage£»¡¡¡¡was£»¡¡¡¡in¡¡

1788£»¡¡carried¡¡by¡¡the¡¡eloquence¡¡and¡¡determined¡¡spirit¡¡of¡¡Pitt£»¡¡in¡¡spite¡¡of¡¡the¡¡

opposition¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡some¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡his¡¡¡¡¡¡own¡¡¡¡¡¡colleagues£»¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡it¡¡¡¡¡¡ought¡¡¡¡¡¡always¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡be¡¡

remembered¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡his¡¡¡¡¡¡honour¡¡¡¡¡¡that£»¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡order¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡carry¡¡¡¡¡¡that¡¡¡¡¡¡bill£»¡¡¡¡¡¡he¡¡¡¡¡¡kept¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡

Houses¡¡sitting£»¡¡in¡¡spite¡¡of¡¡many¡¡¡¡murmurs£»¡¡long¡¡after¡¡the¡¡business¡¡of¡¡the¡¡

government¡¡had¡¡been¡¡done£»¡¡and¡¡the¡¡Appropriation¡¡Act¡¡passed¡£¡¡In¡¡1791¡¡he¡¡

cordially¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡concurred¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡with¡¡¡¡¡¡Fox¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡maintaining¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡sound¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡constitutional¡¡

doctrine£»¡¡¡¡¡¡that¡¡¡¡¡¡an¡¡¡¡¡¡impeachment¡¡¡¡¡¡is¡¡¡¡¡¡not¡¡¡¡¡¡terminated¡¡¡¡¡¡by¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡¡¡dissolution¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡In¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡

course¡¡of¡¡the¡¡same¡¡year¡¡the¡¡two¡¡great¡¡rivals¡¡contended¡¡side¡¡by¡¡side¡¡in¡¡a¡¡far¡¡

more¡¡important¡¡cause¡£¡¡They¡¡are¡¡fairly¡¡entitled¡¡to¡¡divide¡¡the¡¡high¡¡honour¡¡of¡¡

having¡¡¡¡¡¡added¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡our¡¡¡¡¡¡statute¡­book¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡inestimable¡¡¡¡¡¡law¡¡¡¡¡¡which¡¡¡¡¡¡places¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡

liberty¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡press¡¡under¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡protection¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡juries¡£¡¡¡¡On¡¡¡¡¡¡one¡¡occasion£»¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡

one¡¡alone£»¡¡Pitt£»¡¡during¡¡the¡¡first¡¡half¡¡of¡¡his¡¡long¡¡administration£»¡¡acted¡¡in¡¡a¡¡



¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡118¡¡


¡­¡¡Page¡¡119¡­

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡THE¡¡MISCELLANEOUS¡¡WRITINGS¡¡AND¡¡SPEECHES¡¡OF¡¡LORD¡¡MACAULAY¡£¡¡



manner¡¡unworthy¡¡of¡¡an¡¡enlightened¡¡Whig¡£¡¡In¡¡the¡¡debate¡¡on¡¡the¡¡Test¡¡Act£»¡¡

he¡¡stooped¡¡to¡¡gratify¡¡the¡¡master¡¡whom¡¡he¡¡served£»¡¡the¡¡university¡¡which¡¡he¡¡

represented£»¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡great¡¡body¡¡¡¡of¡¡clergymen¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡country¡¡¡¡gentlemen¡¡¡¡¡¡on¡¡

whose¡¡support¡¡he¡¡rested£»¡¡by¡¡talking£»¡¡with¡¡little¡¡heartiness£»¡¡indeed£»¡¡and¡¡with¡¡

no¡¡asperity£»¡¡the¡¡language¡¡of¡¡a¡¡Tory¡£¡¡With¡¡this¡¡single¡¡exception£»¡¡his¡¡conduct¡¡

from¡¡the¡¡end¡¡of¡¡1783¡¡to¡¡the¡¡middle¡¡of¡¡1792¡¡was¡¡that¡¡of¡¡an¡¡honest¡¡friend¡¡of¡¡

civil¡¡and¡¡religious¡¡liberty¡£¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Nor¡¡¡¡¡¡did¡¡¡¡¡¡anything£»¡¡¡¡¡¡during¡¡¡¡¡¡that¡¡¡¡¡¡period£»¡¡¡¡¡¡indicate¡¡¡¡¡¡that¡¡¡¡¡¡he¡¡¡¡¡¡loved¡¡¡¡¡¡war£»¡¡¡¡¡¡or¡¡

harboured¡¡any¡¡malevolent¡¡feeling¡¡against¡¡any¡¡neighbouring¡¡nation¡£¡¡Those¡¡

French¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡writers¡¡¡¡¡¡who¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡have¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡represented¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡him¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡as¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡Hannibal¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡sworn¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡

childhood¡¡¡¡¡¡by¡¡¡¡¡¡his¡¡¡¡¡¡father¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡bear¡¡¡¡¡¡eternal¡¡¡¡¡¡hatred¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡France£»¡¡¡¡¡¡as¡¡¡¡¡¡having¡¡¡¡¡¡by¡¡

mysterious¡¡intrigues¡¡and¡¡lavish¡¡bribes£»¡¡instigated¡¡the¡¡leading¡¡Jacobins¡¡to¡¡

commit¡¡those¡¡excesses¡¡which¡¡dishonoured¡¡the¡¡Revolution£»¡¡as¡¡having¡¡been¡¡

the¡¡real¡¡author¡¡of¡¡the¡¡first¡¡coalition£»¡¡know¡¡nothing¡¡of¡¡his¡¡character¡¡or¡¡of¡¡his¡¡

history¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡So¡¡¡¡¡¡far¡¡¡¡¡¡was¡¡¡¡¡¡he¡¡¡¡¡¡from¡¡¡¡¡¡being¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡¡¡deadly¡¡¡¡¡¡enemy¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡France£»¡¡¡¡¡¡that¡¡¡¡¡¡his¡¡

laudable¡¡attempts¡¡to¡¡bring¡¡about¡¡a¡¡closer¡¡connection¡¡with¡¡that¡¡country¡¡by¡¡

means¡¡of¡¡a¡¡wise¡¡and¡¡liberal¡¡treaty¡¡of¡¡commerce¡¡brought¡¡on¡¡him¡¡the¡¡severe¡¡

censure¡¡of¡¡the¡¡opposition¡£¡¡He¡¡was¡¡told¡¡in¡¡the¡¡House¡¡of¡¡Commons¡¡that¡¡he¡¡

was¡¡a¡¡degenerate¡¡son£»¡¡and¡¡that¡¡his¡¡partiality¡¡for¡¡the¡¡hereditary¡¡foes¡¡of¡¡our¡¡

island¡¡was¡¡enough¡¡to¡¡make¡¡his¡¡great¡¡father's¡¡bones¡¡stir¡¡under¡¡the¡¡pavement¡¡

of¡¡the¡¡Abbey¡£¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡And¡¡¡¡¡¡this¡¡¡¡¡¡man£»¡¡¡¡whose¡¡¡¡¡¡name£»¡¡¡¡if¡¡¡¡¡¡he¡¡¡¡¡¡had¡¡been¡¡¡¡¡¡so¡¡¡¡¡¡fortunate¡¡¡¡¡¡as¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡die¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡

1792£»¡¡¡¡¡¡would¡¡¡¡¡¡now¡¡¡¡¡¡have¡¡¡¡¡¡been¡¡¡¡¡¡associated¡¡¡¡¡¡with¡¡¡¡¡¡peace£»¡¡¡¡¡¡with¡¡¡¡¡¡freedom£»¡¡¡¡¡¡with¡¡

philanthropy£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡with¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡temperate¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡reform£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡with¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡mild¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡constitutional¡¡

administration£»¡¡¡¡¡¡lived¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡associate¡¡¡¡¡¡his¡¡¡¡¡¡name¡¡¡¡¡¡with¡¡¡¡¡¡arbitrary¡¡¡¡¡¡government£»¡¡

with¡¡harsh¡¡laws¡¡harshly¡¡executed£»¡¡with¡¡alien¡¡bills£»¡¡with¡¡gagging¡¡bills£»¡¡with¡¡

suspensions¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Habeas¡¡Corpus¡¡Act£»¡¡with¡¡cruel¡¡punishments¡¡inflicted¡¡on¡¡

some¡¡political¡¡agitators£»¡¡with¡¡unjustifiable¡¡prosecutions¡¡instituted¡¡against¡¡

others£»¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡with¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡most¡¡¡¡¡¡costly¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡most¡¡¡¡¡¡sanguinary¡¡¡¡¡¡wars¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡modern¡¡

times¡£¡¡He¡¡lived¡¡to¡¡be¡¡held¡¡up¡¡to¡¡obloquy¡¡as¡¡the¡¡stern¡¡oppressor¡¡of¡¡England£»¡¡

and¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡indefatigable¡¡¡¡¡¡disturber¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡Europe¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡Poets£»¡¡¡¡¡¡contrasting¡¡¡¡¡¡his¡¡¡¡¡¡earlier¡¡

with¡¡his¡¡later¡¡years£»¡¡likened¡¡him¡¡sometimes¡¡to¡¡the¡¡apostle¡¡who¡¡kissed¡¡in¡¡

order¡¡to¡¡betray£»¡¡and¡¡sometimes¡¡to¡¡the¡¡evil¡¡angels¡¡who¡¡kept¡¡not¡¡their¡¡first¡¡

estate¡£¡¡A¡¡satirist¡¡of¡¡great¡¡genius¡¡introduced¡¡the¡¡fiends¡¡of¡¡Famine£»¡¡Slaughter£»¡¡



¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡119¡¡


¡­¡¡Page¡¡120¡­

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡THE¡¡MISCELLANEOUS¡¡WRITINGS¡¡AND¡¡SPEECHES¡¡OF¡¡LORD¡¡MACAULAY¡£¡¡



and¡¡Fire£»¡¡proclaiming¡¡that¡¡they¡¡had¡¡received¡¡their¡¡commission¡¡from¡¡One¡¡

whose¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡name¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡was¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡formed¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡four¡¡¡¡¡¡letters£»¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡promising¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡give¡¡¡¡¡¡their¡¡

employer¡¡ample¡¡proofs¡¡of¡¡gratitude¡£¡¡Famine¡¡would¡¡gnaw¡¡the¡¡multitude¡¡till¡¡

they¡¡should¡¡rise¡¡up¡¡against¡¡him¡¡in¡¡madness¡£¡¡The¡¡demon¡¡of¡¡slaughter¡¡would¡¡

impel¡¡them¡¡to¡¡tear¡¡him¡¡from¡¡limb¡¡to¡¡limb¡£¡¡But¡¡Fire¡¡boasted¡¡that¡¡she¡¡alone¡¡

could¡¡reward¡¡him¡¡as¡¡he¡¡deserved£»¡¡and¡¡that¡¡she¡¡would¡¡cling¡¡round¡¡him¡¡to¡¡

all¡¡eternity¡£¡¡By¡¡the¡¡French¡¡press¡¡and¡¡the¡¡French¡¡tribune¡¡every¡¡crime¡¡that¡¡

disgraced¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡every¡¡¡¡¡¡calamity¡¡¡¡¡¡that¡¡¡¡¡¡afflicted¡¡¡¡¡¡France¡¡¡¡¡¡was¡¡¡¡¡¡ascribed¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡

monster¡¡Pitt¡¡and¡¡his¡¡guineas¡£¡¡While¡¡the¡¡Jacobins¡¡were¡¡dominant£»¡¡it¡¡was¡¡he¡¡

who¡¡¡¡¡¡had¡¡¡¡¡¡corrupted¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡Gironde£»¡¡¡¡¡¡who¡¡¡¡¡¡had¡¡¡¡¡¡raised¡¡¡¡¡¡Lyons¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡Bordeaux¡¡

against¡¡the¡¡Convention£»¡¡who¡¡had¡¡suborned¡¡Paris¡¡to¡¡assassinate¡¡Lepelletier£»¡¡

and¡¡Cecilia¡¡Regnault¡¡to¡¡assassinate¡¡Robespierre¡£¡¡When¡¡the¡¡Thermidorian¡¡

reaction¡¡¡¡¡¡came£»¡¡¡¡¡¡all¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡atrocities¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡Reign¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡Terror¡¡¡¡¡¡were¡¡¡¡¡¡imputed¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡

him¡£¡¡¡¡Collet¡¡¡¡¡¡D'Herbois¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡Fouquier¡¡Tinville¡¡¡¡¡¡had¡¡¡¡¡¡been¡¡¡¡¡¡his¡¡¡¡¡¡pensioners¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡It¡¡

was¡¡he¡¡who¡¡had¡¡hired¡¡the¡¡murderers¡¡of¡¡September£»¡¡who¡¡had¡¡dictated¡¡the¡¡

pamphlets¡¡of¡¡Marat¡¡and¡¡the¡¡Carmagnoles¡¡of¡¡Barere£»¡¡who¡¡had¡¡paid¡¡Lebon¡¡

to¡¡deluge¡¡Arras¡¡with¡¡blood£»¡¡and¡¡Carrier¡¡to¡¡choke¡¡the¡¡Loire¡¡with¡¡corpses¡£¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡The¡¡¡¡¡¡truth¡¡¡¡¡¡is£»¡¡¡¡¡¡that¡¡¡¡¡¡he¡¡¡¡¡¡liked¡¡¡¡¡¡neither¡¡¡¡¡¡war¡¡¡¡¡¡nor¡¡¡¡¡¡arbitrary¡¡¡¡¡¡government¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡He¡¡

was¡¡a¡¡lover¡¡of¡¡peace¡¡and¡¡freedom£»¡¡driven£»¡¡by¡¡a¡¡stress¡¡against¡¡which¡¡it¡¡was¡¡

hardly¡¡possible¡¡for¡¡any¡¡will¡¡or¡¡any¡¡intellect¡¡to¡¡struggle£»¡¡out¡¡of¡¡the¡¡course¡¡to¡¡

which¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡his¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡inclinations¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡pointed£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡for¡¡¡¡¡¡which¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡his¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡abilities¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡

acquirements¡¡fitted¡¡him£»¡¡and¡¡forced¡¡into¡¡a¡¡policy¡¡repugnant¡¡to¡¡his¡¡feelings¡¡

and¡¡unsuited¡¡to¡¡his¡¡talents¡£¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡The¡¡charge¡¡of¡¡apostasy¡¡is¡¡grossly¡¡unjust¡£¡¡A¡¡man¡¡ought¡¡no¡¡more¡¡to¡¡be¡¡

called¡¡an¡¡apostate¡¡because¡¡his¡¡opinions¡¡alter¡¡with¡¡the¡¡opinions¡¡of¡¡the¡¡great¡¡

body¡¡of¡¡his¡¡contemporaries¡¡than¡¡he¡¡ought¡¡to¡¡be¡¡called¡¡an¡¡oriental¡¡traveller¡¡

because¡¡¡¡¡¡he¡¡¡¡¡¡is¡¡¡¡¡¡always¡¡¡¡¡¡going¡¡¡¡¡¡round¡¡¡¡¡¡from¡¡¡¡¡¡west¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡east¡¡¡¡¡¡with¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡globe¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡

everything¡¡¡¡¡¡that¡¡¡¡¡¡is¡¡¡¡¡¡upon¡¡¡¡¡¡it¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡Between¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡spring¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡1789¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡close¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡

1792£»¡¡the¡¡public¡¡mind¡¡of¡¡England¡¡underwent¡¡a¡¡great¡¡change¡£¡¡If¡¡the¡¡change¡¡

of¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Pitt's¡¡¡¡sentiments¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡attracted¡¡¡¡¡¡peculiar¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡notice£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡it¡¡¡¡was¡¡¡¡¡¡not¡¡¡¡¡¡because¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡he¡¡

changed¡¡more¡¡than¡¡his¡¡neighbours£»¡¡for¡¡in¡¡fact¡¡he¡¡changed¡¡less¡¡than¡¡most¡¡of¡¡

them£»¡¡¡¡¡¡but¡¡¡¡¡¡because¡¡¡¡¡¡his¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡position¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡was¡¡¡¡¡¡far¡¡¡¡more¡¡¡¡¡¡conspicuous¡¡¡¡¡¡than¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡theirs£»¡¡

because¡¡¡¡¡¡he¡¡¡¡¡¡was£»¡¡¡¡¡¡till¡¡¡¡¡¡Bonaparte¡¡¡¡¡¡appeared£»¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡individual¡¡¡¡¡¡who¡¡¡¡¡¡filled¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡

greatest¡¡space¡¡in¡¡the¡¡eyes¡¡of¡¡the¡¡inhabitants¡¡of¡¡the¡¡civilised¡¡world¡£¡¡During¡¡



¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡120¡¡


¡­¡¡Page¡¡121¡­

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡THE¡¡MISCELLANEOUS¡¡WRITINGS¡¡AND¡¡SPEECHES¡¡OF¡¡LORD¡¡MACAULAY¡£¡¡



a¡¡short¡¡time¡¡the¡¡nation£»¡¡and¡¡Pitt£»¡¡as¡¡one¡¡of¡¡the¡¡nation£»¡¡looked¡¡with¡¡interest¡¡

and¡¡¡¡¡¡approbation¡¡¡¡¡¡on¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡French¡¡¡¡¡¡Revolution¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡But¡¡¡¡¡¡soon¡¡¡¡¡¡vast¡¡¡¡¡¡confiscations£»¡¡

the¡¡violent¡¡sweeping¡¡away¡¡of¡¡ancient¡¡institutions£»¡¡the¡¡domination¡¡of¡¡clubs£»¡¡

the¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡barbarities¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡mobs¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡maddened¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡by¡¡¡¡famine¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡hatred£»¡¡¡¡¡¡produced¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡

reaction¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡here¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡The¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡court£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡nobility£»¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡gentry£»¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡clergy£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡

manufacturers£»¡¡the¡¡merchants£»¡¡in¡¡short£»¡¡nineteen¡­twentieths¡¡of¡¡those¡¡who¡¡

had¡¡¡¡¡¡good¡¡¡¡¡¡roofs¡¡¡¡¡¡over¡¡¡¡¡¡their¡¡¡¡¡¡heads¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡g

·µ»ØĿ¼ ÉÏÒ»Ò³ ÏÂÒ»Ò³ »Øµ½¶¥²¿ ÔÞ£¨0£© ²È£¨0£©

Äã¿ÉÄÜϲ»¶µÄ