barlaam and ioasaph-第15节
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and delights upon earth； and standing in sore need even of bread and shelter。 This they did for two causes： firstly； that never seeing the objects of sinful lust； they might pluck such desires by the root out of their soul； and blot out the memory thereof； and plant within themselves the love and desire of divine and heavenly things： and secondly； that； by exhausting the flesh by austerities； and becoming Martyrs in will； they might not miss the glory of them that were made perfect by blood； but might be themselves； in their degree； imitators of the sufferings of Christ； and become partakers of the kingdom that hath no end。 Having then come to this wise resolve； they adopted the quiet of monastic life； some facing the rigours of the open air； and braving the blaze of the scorching heat and fierce frosts and rain…storms and tempestuous winds； others spending their lives in the hovels which they had builded them； or in the hiding of holes and caverns。 Thus； in pursuit of virtue； they utterly denied themselves all fleshly comfort and repose； submitting to a diet of uncooked herbs and worts； or acorns； or hard dry bread； not merely saying good…bye to delights in their quality； but； in very excess of temperance； extending their zeal to limit even the quantity of enjoyment。 For even of those common and necessary meats they took only so much as was sufficient to sustain life。 Some of them continued fasting the whole week； and partook of victuals only of a Sunday： others thought of food twice only in the week： others ate every other day； or daily at eventide； that is； took but a taste of food。 In prayers and watchings they almost rivalled the life of Angels； bidding a long farewell to the possession of gold and silver； and quite forgetting that buyings and sellings are concerns of men。
〃But envy and pride； the evils most prone to follow good works； had no place amongst them。 He that was weaker in ascetic exercises entertained no thought of malice against him of brighter example。 Nor again was he； that had accomplished great feats； deceived and puffed up by arrogance to despise his weaker brethren； or set at nought his neighbour； or boast of his rigours； or glory in his achievements。 He that excelled in virtue ascribed nothing to his own labours； but all to the power of God； in humility of mind persuading himself that his labours were nought and that he was debtor even for more； as saith the Lord； ‘When ye shall have done all those things which are commanded you； say； 〃We are unprofitable servants： we have done that which was our duty to do。〃' Others again persuaded themselves that they had not done even the things which they were commanded to do； but that the things left undone outnumbered the things already well done。 Again； he that was far behind in austerity； perchance through bodily weakness； would disparage and blame himself； attributing his failure to slothfulness of mind rather than to natural frailty。 So each excelled each； and all excelled all in this sweet reasonableness。 But the spirit of vain glory and pleasing of men what place had it among them？ For they had fled from the world； and were dwelling in the desert； to the end that they might show their virtues not to men； but to God； from whom also they hope to receive the rewards of their good deeds； well aware that religious exercises performed for vain glory go without recompense； for these are done for the praise of men and not for God。 Whence all that do thus are doubly defrauded： they waste their body； and receive no reward。 But they who yearn for glory above； and strive thereafter； despise all earthly and human glory。
〃As to their dwellings； some monks finish the contest in utter retirement and solitude； having removed themselves far from the haunts of men throughout the whole of their earthly life…time； and having drawn nigh to God。 Others build their homes at a distance one from another； but meet on the Lord's Day at one Church； and communicate of the Holy Mysteries； I mean the unbloody Sacrifice of the undefiled Body and precious Blood of Christ； which the Lord gave to the Faithful for the remission of sins； for the enlightenment and sanctification of soul and body。 They entertain one another with the exercises of the divine Oracles and moral exhortations； and make public the secret wiles of their adversaries； that none； through ignorance of the manner of wrestling； may be caught thus。 Then turn they again； each to his own home； eagerly storing the honey of virtue in the cells of their hearts； and husbanding sweet fruits worthy of the heavenly board。
〃Others again spend their life in monasteries。 These gather in multitudes in one spot； and range themselves under one superior and president； the best of their number； slaying all self…will with the sword of obedience。 Of their own free choice they consider themselves as slaves bought at a price； and no longer live for themselves； but for him； to whom； for Christ his sake； they have become obedient； or rather； to speak more properly； they live no more for themselves； but Christ liveth in them； whom to follow； they renounce all。 This is retirement； a voluntary hatred of the world； and denial of nature by desire of things above nature。 These men therefore live the lives of Angels on earth； chanting psalms and hymns with one consent unto the Lord； and purchasing for themselves the title of Confessors by labours of obedience。 And in them is fulfilled the word of the Lord； when he saith； ‘Where two or three are gathered together in my name； there am I in the midst of them。' By this number he limiteth not the gathering together in his name； but by ‘two or three' signifieth that the number is indefinite。 For； whether there be many； or few； gathered together because of his holy name； serving him with fervent zeal； there we believe him to be present in the midst of his servants。
〃By these ensamples and such like assemblies men of earth and clay imitate the life of heavenly beings； in fastings and prayers and watchings； in hot tears and sober sorrow； as soldiers in the field with death before their eyes； in meekness and gentleness； in silence of the lips； in poverty and want； in chastity and temperance； in humbleness and quietude of mind； in perfect charity toward God and their neighbour； carrying their present life down to the grave； and becoming Angels in their ways。 Wherefore God hath graced them with miracles； signs and various virtues and made the voice of their marvellous life to be sounded forth to the ends of the world。 If I open my mouth to declare in every point the life of one of them who is said to have been the founder of the monastic life； Antony by name； by this one tree thou shalt assuredly know the sweet fruits of other trees of the like kind and form； and shalt know what a foundation of religious life that great man laid； and what a roof he built； and what gifts he merited to receive from the Saviour。 After him many fought the like fight and won like crowns and guerdons。
〃Blessed； yea； thrice blessed； are they that have loved God； and； for his love's sake； have counted every thing as nothing worth。 For they wept and mourned； day and night； that they might gain everlasting comfort： they humbled themselves willingly； that there they might be exalted： they afflicted the flesh with hunger and thirst and vigil； that there they might come to the pleasures and joys of Paradise。 By their purity of heart they became a tabernacle of the Holy Ghost； as it is written； ‘I will dwell in them and walk in them。' They crucified themselves unto the world； that they might stand at the right hand of the Crucified： they girt their loins with truth； and alway had their lamps ready； looking for the coming of the immortal bridegroom。 The eye of their mind being enlightened； they continually looked forward to that awful hour； and kept the contemplation of future happiness and everlasting punishment immovable from their hearts； and pained themselves to labour； that they might not lose eternal glory。 They became passionless as the Angels； and now they weave the dance in their fellowship； whose lives also they imitated。 Blessed； yea； thrice blessed are they； because with sure spiritual vision they discerned the vanity of this present world and the uncertainty and inconstancy of mortal fortune； and cast it aside； and laid up for themselves everlasting blessings； and laid hold of that life which never faileth； nor is broken by death。
〃These then are the marvellous holy men whose examples we； that are poor and vile； strive to imitate； but cannot attain to the high level of the life of these heavenly citizens。 Nevertheless； so far as is possible for our weakness and feeble power； we take the stamp of their lives； and wear their habit： even though we fail to equal their works； for we are assured that this holy profession is a means to perfection and an aid to the incorruption given us by holy baptism。 So； following the teachings of these blessed Saints； we utterly renounce these corruptible and perishable things of life； wherein may be found nothing stable or constant； or that continueth in one stay； but all things are vanity and vexation of spirit； and many are the changes that they bring in a moment； fo
