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discussion。 'The thing that was utterly abhorrent to him;' said

one of his friends; 'was to stop short。' Given the premises; he

would follow out their implications with the mercilessness of a

medieval monk; and when he had reached the last limits of

argument; be ready to maintain whatever propositions he might

find there with his dying breath。 He had the extreme innocence of

a child and a mathematician。 Captivated by the glittering eye of

Newman; he swallowed whole the supernatural conception of the

universe which Newman had evolved; accepted it as a fundamental

premise; and 'began at once to deduce from it whatsoever there

might be to be deduced。' His very first deductions included

irrefutable proofs of (I) God's particular providence for

individuals; (2) the real efficacy of intercessory prayer; (3)

the reality of our communion with the saints departed; (4) the 

constant presence and assistance of the angels of God。  Later on

he explained mathematically the importance of the Ember Days:

'Who can tell;' he added; 'the degree of blessing lost to us in

this land by neglecting; as we alone of Christian Churches do

neglect; these holy days?' He then proceeded to convict the

Reformers; not only of rebellion; but'for my own part I see not

how we can avoid addingof perjury。' Every day his arguments

became more extreme; more rigorously exact; and more distressing

to his master。 Newman was in the position of a cautious

commander…in…chief being hurried into an engagement against his

will by a dashing cavalry officer。 Ward forced him forward step

by step towards … no! he could not bear it; he shuddered and drew

back。 But it was of no avail。 In vain did Keble and Pusey wring

their hands and stretch forth their pleading arms to their now

vanishing brother。 The fatal moment was fast approaching。 Ward at

last published a devastating book in which he proved

conclusively; by a series of syllogisms; that the only proper

course for the Church of England was to repent in sackcloth and

ashes her separation from the Communion of Rome。 The reckless

author was deprived of his degree by an outraged University; and

a few weeks later was received into the Catholic Church。



Newman; in a kind of despair; had flung himself into the labours

of historical compilation。 His views of history had changed since

the days when; as an undergraduate; he had feasted on the worldly

pages of Gibbon。 'Revealed religion;' he now thought; 'furnishes

facts to other sciences; which those sciences; left to

themselves; would never reach。 Thus; in the science of history;

the preservation of our race in Noah's Ark is an historical fact;

which history never would arrive at without revelation。' With

these principles to guide him; he plunged with his disciples into

a prolonged study of the English Saints。 Biographies soon

appeared of St。 Bega; St。 Adamnan; St。 Gundleus; St。 Guthlake;

Brother Drithelm; St。 Amphibalus; St。 WuIstan; St。 Ebba; St。

Neot; St。 Ninian; and Cunibert the Hermit。 Their austerities;

their virginity; and their miraculous powers were described in

detail。 The public learned with astonishment that St Ninian had

turned a staff into a tree; that St。 German had stopped a cock

from crowing; and that a child had been raised from the dead to

convert St。 Helier。 The series has subsequently been continued by

a more modern writer whose relation of the history of the blessed

St。 Mael contains; perhaps; even more matter for edification than

Newman's biographies。



At the time; indeed; those works caused considerable scandal。

Clergymen denounced them in pamphlets。 St。 Cuthbert was described

by his biographer as having 'carried the jealousy of women;

characteristic of all the saints; to an extraordinary pitch'。 An

example was given; whenever he held a spiritual conversation with

St Ebba; he was careful to spend the ensuing ours of darkness 'in

prayer; up to his neck in water'。 'Persons who invent such

tales;' wrote one indignant commentator; 'cast very grave and

just suspicions on the purity of their own minds。 And young

persons; who talk and think in this way; are in extreme danger of

falling into sinful habits。 As to the volumes before us; the

authors have; in their fanatical panegyrics of virginity; made

use of language downright profane。'



One of the disciples at Littlemore was James Anthony Froude; the

younger brother of Hurrell; and it fell to his lot to be

responsible for the biography of St。 Neot。 While he was composing

it; he began to feel some qualms。 Saints who lighted fires with

icicles; changed bandits into wolves; and floated across the

Irish Channel on altar…stones; produced a disturbing effect on

his historical conscience。 But he had promised his services to

Newman; and he determined to carry through the work in the spirit

in which he had begun it。 He did so; but he thought it proper to

add the following sentence by way of conclusion: 'This is all;

and indeed rather more than all; that is known to men of the

blessed St。 Neot; but not more than is known to the angels in

heaven。'



Meanwhile; the English Roman Catholics were growing impatient;

was the great conversion never coming; for which they had prayed

so fervently and so long? Dr。 Wiseman; at the head of them; was

watching and waiting with special eagerness。 His hand was held

out under the ripening fruit; the delicious morsel seemed to be

trembling on its stalk; and yet it did not fall。 At last; unable

to bear the suspense any longer; he dispatched to Littlemore

Father Smith; an old pupil of Newman's; who had lately joined the

Roman communion; with instructions that he should do his best;

under cover of a simple visit of friendship; to discover how the

land lay。 Father Smith was received somewhat coldly; and the

conversation ran entirely on topics which had nothing to do with

religion。 When the company separated before dinner; he was

beginning to think that his errand had been useless; but; on

their reassembling; he suddenly noticed that Newman had changed

his trousers; and that the colour of the pair which he was now

wearing was grey。 At the earliest moment; the emissary rushed

back post…haste to Dr。 Wiseman。 'All is well;' he exclaimed;

'Newman no longer considers that he is in Anglican orders。〃

Praise be to God!' answered Dr Wiseman。 'But how do you know?'

Father Smith described what he had seen。 'Oh; is that all? My

dear father; how can you be so foolish?' But Father Smith was not

to be shaken。 'I know the man;' he said; and I know what it

means。 Newman will come; and he will come soon。'



And Father Smith was right。 A few weeks later; Newman suddenly

slipped off to a priest; and all was over。 Perhaps he would have

hesitated longer still; if he could have foreseen how he was to

pass the next thirty years of his unfortunate existence; but the

future was hidden; and all that was certain was that the past had

gone forever; and that his eyes would rest no more upon the

snapdragons of Trinity。



The Oxford Movement was now ended。 The University breathed such a

sigh of relief as usually follows the difficult expulsion of a

hard piece of matter from a living organism; and actually began

to attend to education。 As for the Church of England; she had

tasted blood; and it was clear that she would never again be

content with a vegetable diet。 Her clergy; however; maintained

their reputation for judicious compromise; for they followed

Newman up to the very point beyond which his conclusions were

logical; and; while they intoned; confessed; swung incense; and

burned candles with the exhilaration of converts; they yet

managed to do so with a subtle nuance which showed that they had

nothing to do with Rome。 Various individuals underwent more

violent changes。 Several had preceded Newman into the Roman fold;

among others an unhappy Mr。 Sibthorpe; who subsequently changed

his mind; and returned to the Church of his fathers; and then

perhaps it was only natural changed his mind again。 Many more

followed Newman; and Dr。 Wiseman was particularly pleased by the

conversion of a Mr。 Morris; who; as he said; was 'the author of

the essay; which won the prize on the best method of proving

Christianity to the Hindus'。 Hurrell Froude had died before

Newman had read the fatal article on St。 Augustine; but his

brother; James Anthony; together with Arthur Clough; the poet;

went through an experience which was more distressing in those

days than it has since become; they lost their faith。 With this

difference; however; that while in Froude's case the loss of his

faith turned out to be rather like the loss of a heavy

portmanteau; which one afterwards discovers to have been full of

old rags and brickbats; Clough was made so uneasy by the loss of

his that he went on looking for it everywhere as long as he

lived; but somehow he never could find it。 On the other hand;

Keble and Pusey continued for the rest of their 

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