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trimmed its sails so eagerly to the shifting gusts of popular

opinion; now; in spite of a rising hurricane; held on its course。

A new spirit; it was clear a determined; an intractable spirit…

… had taken control of the Sudan situation。 What was it? The

explanation was simple; and it was ominous。 Mr。 Gladstone had

intervened。



The old statesman was now entering upon the penultimate period of

his enormous career。 He who had once been the rising hope of the

stern and unbending Tories; had at length emerged; after a

lifetime of transmutations; as the champion of militant

democracy。 He was at the apex of his power。 His great rival was

dead; he stood pre…eminent in the eye of the nation; he enjoyed

the applause; the confidence; the admiration; the adoration;

even; of multitudes。 Yet such was the peculiar character of the

man; and such was the intensity of the feelings which he called

forth at this very moment; at the height of his popularity; he

was distrusted and loathed; already an unparalleled animosity was

gathering its forces against him。 For; indeed; there was

something in his nature which invited which demanded the

clashing reactions of passionate extremes。 It was easy to worship

Mr。 Gladstone; to see in him the perfect model of the upright

manthe man of virtue and of religion the man whose whole life

had been devoted to the application of high principles to affairs

of State; the man; too; whose sense of right and justice was

invigorated and ennobled by an enthusiastic heart。 It was also

easy to detest him as a hypocrite; to despise him as a demagogue;

and to dread him as a crafty manipulator of men and things for

the purposes of his own ambition。



It might have been supposed that one or other of these

conflicting judgments must have been palpably absurd; that

nothing short of gross prejudice or wilful blindness; on one side

or the other; could reconcile such contradictory conceptions of a

single human being。 But it was not so; 'the elements' were 'so

mixed' in Mr。 Gladstone that his bitterest enemies (and his

enemies were never mild) and his warmest friends (and his friends

were never tepid) could justify; with equal plausibility; their

denunciations or their praises。 What; then; was the truth? In the

physical universe there are no chimeras。 But man is more various

than nature; was Mr。 Gladstone; perhaps; a chimera of the spirit?

Did his very essence lie in the confusion of incompatibles? His

very essence? It eludes the hand that seems to grasp it。 One is

baffled; as his political opponents were baffled fifty years ago。

The soft serpent coils harden into quick strength that has

vanished; leaving only emptiness and perplexity behind。 Speech

was the fibre of his being; and; when he spoke; the ambiguity of

ambiguity was revealed。 The long; winding; intricate sentences;

with their vast burden of subtle and complicated qualifications;

befogged the mind like clouds; and like clouds; too; dropped

thunder bolts。 Could it not then at least be said of him with

certainty that his was a complex character? But here also there

was a contradiction。



In spite of the involutions of his intellect and the contortions

of his spirit; it is impossible not to perceive a strain of

naivete in Mr。 Gladstone。 He adhered to some of his principles

that of the value of representative institutions; for instance

with a faith which was singularly literal; his views upon

religion were uncritical to crudeness; he had no sense of humour。

Compared with Disraeli's; his attitude towards life strikes one

as that of an ingenuous child。 His very egoism was simple…minded;

through all the labyrinth of his passions there ran a single

thread。 But the centre of the labyrinth? Ah! the thread might

lead there; through those wandering mazes; at last。 Only; with

the last corner turned; the last step taken; the explorer might

find that he was looking down into the gulf of a crater。 The

flame shot out on every side; scorching and brilliant; but in the

midst; there was a darkness。



That Mr。 Gladstone's motives and ambitions were not merely those

of a hunter after popularity was never shown more clearly than in

that part of his career which; more than any other; has been

emphasised by his enemieshis conduct towards General Gordon。 He

had been originally opposed to Gordon's appointment; but he had

consented to it partly; perhaps; owing to the persuasion that its

purpose did not extend beyond the making of a 'report'。 Gordon

once gone; events had taken their own course; the policy of the

Government began to slide; automatically; down a slope at the

bottom of which lay the conquest of the Sudan and the annexation

of Egypt。 Sir Gerald Graham's bloody victories awoke Mr。

Gladstone to the true condition of affairs; he recognised the

road he was on and its destination; but there was still time to

turn back。



It was he who had insisted upon the withdrawal of the English

army from the Eastern Sudan。 The imperialists were sadly

disappointed。 They had supposed that the old lion had gone to

sleep; and suddenly he had come out of his lair; and was roaring。

All their hopes now centred upon Khartoum。 General Gordon was cut

off; he was surrounded; he was in danger; he must be relieved。 A

British force must be sent to save him。 But Mr。 Gladstone was not

to be caught napping a second time。 When the agitation rose; when

popular sentiment was deeply stirred; when the country; the

Press; the Sovereign herself; declared that the national honour

was involved with the fate of General Gordon; Mr。 Gladstone

remained immovable。 Others might picture the triumphant rescue of

a Christian hero from the clutches of heathen savages; before HIS

eyes was the vision of battle; murder; and sudden death; the

horrors of defeat and victory; the slaughter and the anguish of

thousands; the violence of military domination; the enslavement

of a people。



The invasion of the Sudan; he had flashed out in the House of

Commons; would be a war of conquest against a people struggling

to be free。 'Yes; those people are struggling to be free; and

they are rightly struggling to be free。' Mr。 Gladstoneit was

one of his old…fashioned simplicitiesbelieved in liberty。 If;

indeed; it should turn out to be the fact that General Gordon was

in serious danger; then; no doubt; it would be necessary to send

a relief expedition to Khartoum。 But; he could see no sufficient

reason to believe that it was the fact。 Communications; it was

true; had been interrupted between Khartoum and Cairo; but no

news was not necessarily bad news; and the little information

that had come through from General Gordon seemed to indicate that

he could hold out for months。 So his agile mind worked; spinning

its familiar web of possibilities and contingencies and fine

distinctions。 General Gordon; he was convinced; might be hemmed

in; but he was not surrounded。 Surely; it was the duty of the

Government to take no rash step; but to consider and to inquire;

and; when it acted; to act upon reasonable conviction。 And then;

there was another question。 If it was trueand he believed it

was truethat General Gordon's line of retreat was open; why did

not General Gordon use it?



Perhaps he might be unable to withdraw the Egyptian garrison; but

it was not for the sake of the Egyptian garrison that the relief

expedition was proposed; it was simply and solely to secure the

personal safety of General Gordon。 And General Gordon had it in

his power to secure his personal safety himself; and he refused

to do so; he lingered on in Khartoum; deliberately; wilfully; in

defiance of the obvious wishes of his superiors。 Oh! it was

perfectly clear what General Gordon was doing: he was trying to

force the hand of the English Government。 He was hoping that if

he only remained long enough at Khartoum; he would oblige the

English Government to send an army into the Sudan which should

smash up the Mahdi。 That; then; was General Gordon's calculation!

Well; General Gordon would learn that he had made a mistake。 Who

was he that he should dare to imagine that he could impose his

will upon Mr。 Gladstone? The old man's eyes glared。 If it came to

a struggle between themwell; they should see! As the weeks

passed; the strange situation grew tenser。 It was like some

silent deadly game of bluff。 And who knows what was passing in

the obscure depths of that terrifying spirit? What mysterious

mixture of remorse; rage; and jealousy? Who was it that was

ultimately responsible for sending General Gordon to Khartoum?

But then; what did that matter? Why did not the man come back? He

was a Christian hero; wasn't he? Were there no other Christian

heroes in the world? A Christian hero! Let him wait until the

Mahdi's ring was really round him; until the Mahdi's spear was

really about to fall! That would be the test of heroism! If he

slipped back then; with his tail between his legs! T

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