phenomenology of mind-第10节

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home　in　the　sphere　of　finitude。　But　just　as　the…re　is　a　breadth　which　is　emptiness；　there　is　a　depth
which　is　empty　too：　as　we　may　have　an　extension　of　substance　which　overflows　into　finite
multiplicity　without　the　power　of　keeping　the　manifold　together；　in　the　same　way　we　may　have　an
insubstantial　intensity　which；　keeping　itself　in　as　mere　force　without　actual　expression；　is　no　better
than　superficiality。　The　force　of　mind　is　only　as　great　as　its　expression；　its　depth　only　as　deep　as　its
power　to　expand　and　lose　itself　when　spending　and　giving　out　its　substance。　Moreover；　when　this
unreflective　emotional　knowledge　makes　a　pretence　of　having　immersed　its　own　very　self　in　the
depths　of　the　absolute　Being；　and　of　philosophizing　in　all　holiness　and　truth；　it　hides　from　itself　the
fact　that　instead　of　devotion　to　God；　it　rather；　by　this　contempt　for　all　measurable　precision　and
definiteness；　simply　attests　in　its　own　case　the　fortuitous　character　of　its　content；　and　in　the　other
endows　God　with　its　own　caprice。　When　such　minds　commit　themselves　to　the　unrestrained
ferment　of　sheer　emotion；　they　think　that；　by　putting　a　veil　over　self…consciousness；　and
surrendering　all　understanding；　they　are　thus　God's　beloved　ones　to　whom　He　gives　His　wisdom　in
sleep。　This　is　the　reason；　too；　that　in　point　of　fact；　what　they　do　conceive　and　bring　forth　in　sleep　is
dreams。　

For　the　rest　it　is　not　difficult　to　see　that　our　epoch　is　a　birth…time；　and　a　period　of　transition。　The
spirit　of　man　has　broken　with　the　old　order　of　things　hitherto　prevailing；　and　with　the　old　ways　of
thinking；　and　is　in　the　mind　to　let　them　all　sink　into　the　depths　of　the　past　and　to　set　about　its　own
transformation。　It　is　indeed　never　at　rest；　but　carried　along　the　stream　of　progress　ever　onward。
But　it　is　here　as　in　the　case　of　the　birth　of　a　child；　after　a　long　period　of　nutrition　in　silence；　the
continuity　of　the　gradual　growth　in　size；　of　quantitative　change；　is　suddenly　cut　short　by　the　first
breath　drawn…there　is　a　break　in　the　process；　a　qualitative　change　and　the　child　is　born。　In　like
manner　the　spirit　of　the　time；　growing　slowly　and　quietly　ripe　for　the　new　form　it　is　to　assume；
disintegrates　one　fragment　after　another　of　the　structure　of　its　previous　world。　That　it　is　tottering　to
its　fall　is　indicated　only　by　symptoms　here　and　there。　Frivolity　and　again　ennui；　which　are　spreading
in　the　established　order　of　things；　the　undefined　foreboding　of　something　unknown…all　these
betoken　that　there　is　something　else　approaching。　This　gradual　crumbling　to　pieces；　which　did　not
alter　the　general　look　and　aspect　of　the　whole；　is　interrupted　by　the　sunrise；　which；　in　a　flash　and　at
a　single　stroke；　brings　to　…view　the　form　and　structure　of　the　new　world。

But　this　new　world　is　perfectly　realized　just　as　little　as　the　new…born　child；　and　it　is　essential　to
bear　this　in　mind。　It　comes　on　the　stage　to　begin　with　in　its　immediacy；　in　its　bare　generality。　A
building　is　not　finished　when　its　foundation　is　laid；　and　just　as　little；　is　the　attainment　of　a　general
notion　of　a　whole　the　whole　itself。　When　we　want　to　see　an　oak　with　all　its　vigour　of　trunk；　its
spreading　branches；　and　mass　of　foliage；　we　are　not　satisfied　to　be　shown　an　acorn　instead。　In　the
same　way　science；　the　crowning　glory　of　a　spiritual　world；　is　not　found　complete　in　its　initial　stages。
The　beginning　of　the　new　spirit　is　the　outcome　of　a　widespread　revolution　in　manifold　forms　of
spiritual　culture；　it　is　the　reward　which　comes　after　a　chequered　and　devious　course　of
development；　and　after　much　struggle　and　effort。　It　is　a　whole　which；　after　running　its　course　and
laying　bare　all　its　content；　returns　again　to　itself　；　it　is　the　resultant　abstract　notion　of　the　whole。　But
the　actual　realization　of　this　abstract　whole　is　only　found　when　those　previous　shapes　and　forms；
which　are　now　reduced　to　ideal　moments　of　the　whole；　are　developed　anew　again；　but　developed
and　shaped　within　this　new　medium；　and　with　the　meaning　they　have　thereby　acquired。　

　　　　　　　　　　　　4。　　　　The　principle　is　not　the　completion；　against　formalism

While　the　new　world　makes　its　first　appearance　merely　in　general　outline；　merely　as　a　whole　lying
concealed　and　hidden　within　a　bare　abstraction；　the　wealth　of　the　bygone　life；　on　the　other　hand；　is
still　consciously　present　in　recollection。　Consciousness　misses　in　the　new　form　the　detailed　expanse
of　content；　but　still　more　the　developed　expression　of　form　by　which　distinctions　are　definitely
determined　and　arranged　in　their　precise　relations。　Without　this　last　feature　science　has　no　general
intelligibility；　and　has　the　appearance　of　being　an　esoteric　possession　of　a　few　individuals　—　an
esoteric　possession；　because　in　the　first　instance　it　is　only　the　essential　principle　or　notion　of
science；　only　its　inner　nature　that　is　to　be　found；　and　a　possession　of　few　individuals；　because；　at
its　first　appearance；　its　content　is　not　elaborated　and　expanded　in　detail；　and　thus　its　existence　is
turned　into　something　particular。　Only　what　is　perfectly　determinate　in　form　is　at　the　same　time
exoteric；　comprehensible；　and　capable　of　being　learned　and　possessed　by　everybody。　Intelligibility
is　the　form　in　which　science　is　offered　to　everyone；　and　is　the　open　road　to　it　made　plain　for　all。　To
reach　rational　knowledge　by　our　intelligence　is　the　just　demand　of　the　mind　which　comes　to
science。　For　intelligence；　understanding　（Verstand）；　is　thinking；　pure　activity　of　the　self　in　general；
and　what　is　intelligible　（Verst？ndige）　is　something　from　the　first　familiar　and　common　to　the
scientific　and　unscientific　mind　alike；　enabling　the　unscientific　mind　to　enter　the　domain　of　science。　

Science；　at　its　commencement；　when　as　yet　it　has　reached　neither　detailed　completeness　nor
perfection　of　form；　is　exposed　to　blame　on　that　account。　But　it　would　be　as　unjust　to　suppose　this
blame　to　attach　to　its　essential　nature；　as　it　is　inadmissible　not　to　be　ready　to　recognize　the　demand
for　that　further　development　in　fuller　detail。　In　the　contrast　and　opposition　between　these　two
aspects　（the　initial　and　the　developed　stages　of　science）　seems　to　lie　the　critical　knot　which
scientific　culture　at　present　struggles　to　loosen；　and　about　which　so　far　it　is　not　very　clear。　One　side
parades　the　wealth　of　its　material　and　the　intelligibility　of　its　ideas；　the　other　pours　contempt　at　any
rate　on　the　latter；　and　makes　a　parade　of　the　immediate　intuitive　rationality　and　divine　quality　of　its
content。　Although　the　first　is　reduced　to　silence；　perhaps　by　the　inner　force　of　truth　alone；　perhaps；
too；　by　the　noisy　bluster　of　the　other　side；　and　even　though　having　regard　to　the　reason　and　nature
of　the　case　it　did　feel　overborne；　yet　it　does　not　therefore　feel　satisfied　as　regards　those　demands
for　greater　development；　for　those　demands　are　just；　but　still　unfulfilled。　Its　silence　is　due　only　in
part　to　the　victory　of　the　other　side；　it　is　half　due　to　that　weariness　and　indifference　which　are
usually　the　consequence　when　expectations　are　being　constantly　awakened　by　promises　which　are
not　followed　up　by　performance。

The　other　side　no　doubt　at　times　makes　an　easy　enough　matter　of　having　a　vast　expanse　of
content。　They　haul　on　to　their　territory　a　lot　of　material；　that；　namely；　which　is　already　familiar　and
arranged　ill　order；　and　since　they　are　concerned　more　especially　about　what　is　exceptional；
strange；　and　curious；　they　seem　all　the　more　to　be　in　possession　of　the　rest；　which　knowledge　in　its
own　way　was　finished　and　done　with；　as　well　as　to　have　control　over　what　was　unregulated　and
disorderly。　Hence　everything　appears　brought　within　the　compass　of　the　Absolute　Idea；　which
seems　thus　to　be　recognized　in　everything；　and　to　have　succeeded　in　becoming　a　system　in
extenso　of　scientific　knowledge。　But　if　we　look　more　closely　at　this　expanded　system　we　find　that
it　has　not　been　reached　by　one　and　the　same　principle　taking　shape　in　diverse　ways；　it　is　the
shapeless　repetition　of　one　and　the　same　idea；　which　is　applied　in　an　external　fashion　to　different
material；　the　wearisome　reiteration　of　it　keeping　up　the　semblance　of　diversity。　The　Idea；　which　by
itself　is　no　doubt　the　truth；　really　never　gets　any　farther　than　just　where　it　began；　as　long　as　the
development　of　it　consists　in　nothing　else　than　such　a　repetition　of　the　same　formula。　If　the　knowing
subject　carries　round　everywhere　the　one　inert　abstract　form；　taking　up　in　external　fashion
whatever　material　comes　his　way；　and　dipping　it　into　this　element；　then　this　comes　about　as　near　to
fulfilling　what　is　wanted　…　viz。　a　self…origination　of　the　wealth　of　detail；　and　a　self…determining
distinction　of　shapes　and　forms…as　any　chance　fancies　about　the　content　in　question。　It　is　rather　a
monochrome　formalism；　which　only　arrives　at　distinction　in　the　matter　it　has　to　deal　with；　because
this　is　already　prepared　and　well　known。　

This　monotonousness　and　abstract　universality　are　maintained　to　be　the　Absolute。　This　formalism
insists　that　to　be　dissatisfied　therewith　argues　an　incapacity　to　grasp　the　standpoint　of　the　Absolute；
and　keep　a　firm　hold　on　it。　If　it　was　once　the　case　that　the　bare　possibility　of　thinking　of　so