cicero-第10节

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for　having　been　in　arms　against　Caesar；　and　Cicero　had　undertaken



his　defence；　Caesar　said　to　his　friends；　〃Why　might　we　not　as　well



once　more　hear　a　speech　from　Cicero？　Ligarius；　there　is　no　question；



is　a　wicked　man　and　an　enemy。〃　But　when　Cicero　began　to　speak；　he



wonderfully　moved　him；　and　proceeded　in　his　speech　with　such　varied



pathos；　and　such　a　charm　of　language；　that　the　colour　of　Caesar's



countenance　often　changed；　and　it　was　evident　that　all　the　passions　of



his　soul　were　in　commotion。　At　length；　the　orator　touching　upon　the



Pharsalian　battle；　he　was　so　affected　that　his　body　trembled；　and　some



of　the　papers　he　held　dropped　out　of　his　hands。　And　thus　he　was



overpowered；　and　acquitted　Ligarius。



　　Henceforth；　the　commonwealth　being　changed　into　a　monarchy；　Cicero



withdrew　himself　from　public　affairs；　and　employed　his　leisure　in



instructing　those　young　men　that　would；　in　philosophy；　and　by　the　near



intercourse　he　thus　had　with　some　of　the　noblest　and　highest　in



rank；　he　again　began　to　possess　great　influence　in　the　city。　The



work　and　object　to　which　he　set　himself　was　to　compose　and　translate



philosophical　dialogues　and　to　render　logical　and　physical　terms



into　the　Roman　idiom。　For　he　it　was；　as　it　is　said；　who　first　or



principally　gave　Latin　names　to　phantasia；　syncatathesis；　epokhe；



catalepsis；　atamon；　ameres；　kenon；　and　other　such　technical　terms；



which；　either　by　metaphors　or　other　means　of　accommodation；　he



succeeded　in　making　intelligible　and　expressible　to　the　Romans。　For



his　recreation；　he　exercised　his　dexterity　in　poetry；　and　when　he



was　set　to　it　would　make　five　hundred　verses　in　a　night。　He　spent



the　greatest　part　of　his　time　at　his　country…house　near　Tusculum。　He



wrote　to　his　friends　that　he　led　the　life　of　Laertes　either　jestingly；



as　his　custom　was；　or　rather　from　a　feeling　of　ambition　for　public



employment；　which　made　him　impatient　under　the　present　state　of



affairs。　He　rarely　went　to　the　city；　unless　to　pay　his　court　to



Caesar。　He　was　commonly　the　first　amongst　those　who　voted　him　honours；



and　sought　out　new　terms　of　praise　for　himself　and　for　his　actions。



As；　for　example；　what　he　said　of　the　statues　of　Pompey；　which　had　been



thrown　down；　and　were　afterwards　by　Caesar's　orders　set　up　again；　that



Caesar；　by　this　act　of　humanity；　had　indeed　set　up　Pompey's　statues；



but　he　had　fixed　and　established　his　own。



　　He　had　a　design；　it　is　said；　of　writing　the　history　of　his



country；　combining　with　it　much　of　that　of　Greece；　and　incorporating



in　it　all　the　stories　and　legends　of　the　past　that　he　had　collected。



But　his　purposes　were　interfered　with　by　various　public　and　various



private　unhappy　occurrences　and　misfortunes；　for　most　of　which　he



was　himself　in　fault。　For　first　of　all；　be　put　away　his　wife　Terentia；



by　whom　he　had　been　neglected　in　the　time　of　the　war；　and　sent　away



destitute　of　necessaries　for　his　journey；　neither　did　he　find　her　kind



when　he　returned　into　Italy；　for　she　did　not　join　him　at　Brundusium；



where　he　stayed　a　long　time；　nor　would　allow　her　young　daughter；　who



undertook　so　long　a　journey；　decent　attendance；　or　the　requisite



expenses；　besides；　she　left　him　a　naked　and　empty　house；　and　yet　had



involved　him　in　many　and　great　debts。　These　were　alleged　as　the



fairest　reasons　for　the　divorce。　But　Terentia；　who　denied　them　all；



had　the　most　unmistakable　defence　furnished　her　by　her　husband



himself；　who　not　long　after　married　a　young　maiden　for　the　love　of　her



beauty；　as　Terentia　upbraided　him；　or　as　Tiro；　his　emancipated



slave；　has　written；　for　her　riches；　to　discharge　his　debts。　For　the



young　woman　was　very　rich；　and　Cicero　had　the　custody　of　her　estate；



being　left　guardian　in　trust；　and　being　indebted　many　myriads　of



money；　he　was　persuaded　by　friends　and　relations　to　marry　her；



notwithstanding　his　disparity　of　age；　and　to　use　her　money　to



satisfy　his　creditors。　Antony；　who　mentions　this　marriage　in　his



answer　to　the　Philippics；　reproaches　him　for　putting　away　a　wife



with　whom　he　had　lived　to　old　age；　adding　some　happy　strokes　of



sarcasm　on　Cicero's　domestic；　inactive；　unsoldier…like　habits。　Not



long　after　this　marriage；　his　daughter　died　in　childbed　at



Lentulus's　house；　to　whom　she　had　been　married　after　the　death　of



Piso；　her　former　husband。　The　philosophers　from　all　parts　came　to



comfort　Cicero；　for　his　grief　was　so　excessive；　that　he　put　away　his



new…married　wife；　because　she　seemed　to　be　pleased　at　the　death　of



Tullia。　And　thus　stood　Cicero's　domestic　affairs　at　this　time。



　　He　had　no　concern　in　the　design　that　was　now　forming　against　Caesar。



although；　in　general；　he　was　Brutus's　most　principal　confidant；　and



one　who　was　as　aggrieved　at　the　present；　and　as　desirous　of　the　former



state　of　public　affairs；　as　any　other　whatsoever。　But　they　feared



his　temper；　as　wanting　courage；　and　his　old　age；　in　which　the　most



daring　dispositions　are　apt　to　be　timorous。



　　As　soon；　therefore；　as　the　act　was　committed　by　Brutus　and



Cassius；　and　the　friends　of　Caesar　were　got　together；　so　that　there



was　fear　the　city　would　again　be　involved　in　a　civil　war；　Antony；



being　consul；　convened　the　senate；　and　made　a　short　address



recommending　concord。　And　Cicero　following　with　various　remarks　such



as　the　occasion　called　for；　persuaded　the　senate　to　imitate　the



Athenians；　and　decree　an　amnesty　for　what　had　been　done　in　Caesar's



case；　and　to　bestow　provinces　on　Brutus　and　Cassius。　But　neither　of



these　things　took　effect。　For　as　soon　as　the　common　people；　of



themselves　inclined　to　pity；　saw　the　dead　body　of　Caesar　borne　through



the　market…place；　and　Antony　showing　his　clothes　filled　with　blood；



and　pierced　through　in　every　part　with　swords；　enraged　to　a　degree



of　frenzy；　they　made　a　search　for　the　murderers；　and　with　firebrands



in　their　hands　ran　to　their　houses　to　burn　them。　They；　however；



being　forewarned；　avoided　this　danger；　and　expecting　many　more　and



greater　to　come；　they　left　the　city。



　　Antony　on　this　was　at　once　in　exultation；　and　every　one　was　in　alarm



with　the　prospect　that　he　would　make　himself　sole　ruler；　and　Cicero　in



more　alarm　than　any　one。　For　Antony；　seeing　his　influence　reviving



in　the　commonwealth　and　knowing　how　closely　he　was　connected　with



Brutus；　was　ill…pleased　to　have　him　in　the　city。　Besides；　there　had



been　some　former　jealousy　between　them；　occasioned　by　the　difference



of　their　manners。　Cicero；　fearing　the　event；　was　inclined　to　go　as



lieutenant　with　Dolabella　into　Syria。　But　Hirtius　and　Pansa；　consuls



elect　as　successors　of　Antony；　good　men　and　lovers　of　Cicero；



entreated　him　not　to　leave　them；　undertaking　to　put　down　Antony　if



he　would　stay　in　Rome。　And　he；　neither　distrusting　wholly；　nor



trusting　them；　let　Dolabella　go　without　him；　promising　Hirtius　that　he



would　go　and　spend　his　summer　at　Athens；　and　return　again　when　he



entered　upon　his　office。　So　he　set　out　on　his　journey；　but　some



delay　occurring　in　his　passage；　new　intelligence；　as　often　happens；



came　suddenly　from　Rome；　that　Antony　had　made　an　astonishing　change；



and　was　doing　all　things　and　managing　all　public　affairs　at　the　will



of　the　senate；　and　that　there　wanted　nothing　but　his　presence　to　bring



things　to　a　happy　settlement。　And　therefore；　blaming　himself　for　his



cowardice；　he　returned　again　to　Rome；　and　was　not　deceived　in　his



hopes　at　the　beginning。　For　such　multitudes　flocked　out　to　meet　him；



that　the　compliments　and　civilities　which　were　paid　him　at　the



gates；　and　at　his　entrance　into　the　city；　took　up　almost　one　whole



day's　time。



　　On　the　morrow；　Antony　convened　the　senate；　and　summoned　Cicero



thither。　He　came　not；　but　kept　his　bed；　pretending　to　be　ill　with



his　journey；　but　the　true　reason　seemed　the　fear　of　some　design



against　him；　upon　a　suspicion　and　intimation　given　him　on　his　way　to



Rome。　Antony；　however；　showed　great　offence　at　the　affront；　and　sent



soldiers；　commanding　them　to　bring　him　or　burn　his　house；　but　many



interceding　and　supplicating　for　him；　he　was　contented　to　accept



sureties。　Ever　after；　when　they　met；　they　passed　one　another　with



silence；　and　continued　on　their　guard；　till　Caesar；　the　younger；



coming　from　Apollonia；　entered　on　the　first　Caesar's　inheritance；



and　was　engaged　in　a　dispute　with　Antony　about　two　thousand　five



hundred　myriads　of　money；　which　Antony　detained　from　the　estate。



　　Upon　this；　Philippus；　who　married　the　mother；　and　Marcellus；　who



married　the　sister　of　young　Caesar；　came　with　the　young　man　to　Cicero；



and　agreed　with　him　that　Cicero　should　give　them　the　aid　of　his



eloquence　and　political　influence　with　the　senate　and　people；　and



Caesar　give　Cicero　the　defence　of　his　riches　and　arms。　For　the　young



man　had　already　a　great　party　of　the　soldiers　of　Caesar