part12-第4节

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these　words　‘all　is　well'　and　send　it　for　me　to　the　post　office。　　I

am　happy　too　that　Miss　Ellen　can　now　read　so　readily。　　If　she　will

make　haste　and　read　through　all　the　books　I　have　given　her；　and　will

let　me　know　when　she　is　through　them；　I　will　go　and　carry　her　some

more。　　I　shall　now　see　whether　she　wishes　to　see　me　as　much　as　she

says。　　I　wish　to　see　you　all：　and　the　more　I　perceive　that　you　are

all　advancing　in　your　learning　and　improving　in　good　dispositions　the

more　I　shall　love　you；　and　the　more　every　body　will　love　you。　　It　is

a　charming　thing　to　be　loved　by　every　body：　and　the　way　to　obtain　it

is；　never　to　quarrel　or　be　angry　with　any　body　and　to　tell　a　story。

Do　all　the　kind　things　you　can　to　your　companions；　give　them　every

thing　rather　than　to　yourself。　　Pity　and　help　any　thing　you　see　in

distress　and　learn　your　books　and　improve　your　minds。　　This　will　make

every　body　fond　of　you；　and　desirous　of　doing　it　to　you。　　Go　on　then

my　dear　children；　and；　when　we　meet　at　Monticello；　let　me　see　who　has

improved　most。　　I　kiss　this　paper　for　each　of　you：　it　will　therefore

deliver　the　kisses　to　yourselves；　and　two　over；　which　one　of　you　must

deliver　to　your　Mama　for　me；　and　present　my　affectionate　attachment

to　your　papa。　　Yourselves　love　and　Adieux。







　　　　　　　　THE　PROGRESS　OF　REFORM




　　　　　　　　_To　General　Thaddeus　Kosciusko_

　　　　　　　　_Washington；　April　2；　1802_




　　　　　　　　DEAR　GENERAL；　　It　is　but　lately　that　I　have　received　your

letter　of　the　25th　Frimaire　（December　15）　wishing　to　know　whether

some　officers　of　your　country　could　expect　to　be　employed　in　this

country。　　To　prevent　a　suspense　injurious　to　them；　I　hasten　to　inform

you；　that　we　are　now　actually　engaged　in　reducing　our　military

establishment　one　third；　and　discharging　one　third　of　our　officers。

We　keep　in　service　no　more　than　men　enough　to　garrison　the　small

posts　dispersed　at　great　distances　on　our　frontiers；　which　garrisons

will　generally　consist　of　a　captain's　company　only；　and　in　no　case　of

more　than　two　or　three；　in　not　one；　of　a　sufficient　number　to　require

a　field　officer；　and　no　circumstance　whatever　can　bring　these

garrisons　together；　because　it　would　be　an　abandonment　of　their

forts。　　Thus　circumstanced；　you　will　perceive　the　entire

impossibility　of　providing　for　the　persons　you　recommend。　　I　wish　it

had　been　in　my　power　to　give　you　a　more　favorable　answer；　but　next　to

the　fulfilling　your　wishes；　the　most　grateful　thing　I　can　do　is　to

give　a　faithful　answer。　　The　session　of　the　first　Congress　convened

since　republicanism　has　recovered　its　ascendancy；　is　now　drawing　to　a

close。　　They　will　pretty　completely　fulfil　all　the　desires　of　the

people。　　They　have　reduced　the　army　and　navy　to　what　is　barely

necessary。　　They　are　disarming　executive　patronage　and　preponderance；

by　putting　down　one　half　the　offices　of　the　United　States；　which　are

no　longer　necessary。　　These　economies　have　enabled　them　to　suppress

all　the　internal　taxes；　and　still　to　make　such　provision　for　the

payment　of　their　public　debt　as　to　discharge　that　in　eighteen　years。

They　have　lopped　off　a　parasite　limb；　planted　by　their　predecessors

on　their　judiciary　body　for　party　purposes；　they　are　opening　the

doors　of　hospitality　to　the　fugitives　from　the　oppressions　of　other

countries；　and　we　have　suppressed　all　those　public　forms　and

ceremonies　which　tended　to　familiarise　the　public　eye　to　the

harbingers　of　another　form　of　government。　　The　people　are　nearly　all

united；　their　quondam　leaders；　infuriated　with　the　sense　of　their

impotence；　will　soon　be　seen　or　heard　only　in　the　newspapers；　which

serve　as　chimnies　to　carry　off　noxious　vapors　and　smoke；　and　all　is

now　tranquil；　firm　and　well；　as　it　should　be。　　I　add　no　signature

because　unnecessary　for　you。　　God　bless　you；　and　preserve　you　still

for　a　season　of　usefulness　to　your　country。







　　　　　　　　THE　AFFAIR　OF　LOUISIANA




　　　　　　　　_To　the　U。S。　Minister　to　France_

　　　　　　　　（ROBERT　R。　LIVINGSTON）

　　　　　　　　_Washington；　Apr。　18；　1802_




　　　　　　　　DEAR　SIR　　A　favorable　and　a　confidential　opportunity　offering

by　Mr。　Dupont　de　Nemours；　who　is　revisiting　his　native　country　gives

me　an　opportunity　of　sending　you　a　cipher　to　be　used　between　us；

which　will　give　you　some　trouble　to　understand；　but；　once　understood；

is　the　easiest　to　use；　the　most　indecipherable；　and　varied　by　a　new

key　with　the　greatest　facility　of　any　one　I　have　ever　known。　　I　am　in

hopes　the　explanation　inclosed　will　be　sufficient。　　Let　our　key　of

letters　be　＇_some　figures　which　are　illegible_＇　and　the　key　of　lines

be　＇_figures　illegible_＇　and　lest　we　should　happen　to　lose　our　key　or

be　absent　from　it；　it　is　so　formed　as　to　be　kept　in　the　memory　and

put　upon　paper　at　pleasure；　being　produced　by　writing　our　names　and

residences　at　full　length；　each　of　which　containing　27　letters　is

divided　into　two　parts　of　9。　letters　each；　and　each　of　the　9。　letters

is　then　numbered　according　to　the　place　it　would　hold　if　the　9。　were

arranged　alphabetically；　thus　＇_so　blotted　as　to　be　illegible＇。　　The

numbers　over　the　letters　being　then　arranged　as　the　letters　to　which

they　belong　stand　in　our　names；　we　can　always　construct　our　key。　　But

why　a　cipher　between　us；　when　official　things　go　naturally　to　the

Secretary　of　State；　and　things　not　political　need　no　cipher。　　1。

matters　of　a　public　nature；　and　proper　to　go　on　our　records；　should

go　to　the　secretary　of　state。　　2。　matters　of　a　public　nature　not

proper　to　be　placed　on　our　records　may　still　go　to　the　secretary　of

state；　headed　by　the　word　‘private。'　But　3。　there　may　be　matters

merely　personal　to　ourselves；　and　which　require　the　cover　of　a　cipher

more　than　those　of　any　other　character。　　This　last　purpose　and　others

which　we　cannot　foresee　may　render　it　convenient　and　advantageous　to

have　at　hand　a　mask　for　whatever　may　need　it。　　But　writing　by　Mr。

Dupont　I　need　no　cipher。　　I　require　from　him　to　put　this　into　your

own　and　no　other　hand；　let　the　delay　occasioned　by　that　be　what　it

will。




　　　　　　　　The　cession　of　Louisiana　and　the　Floridas　by　Spain　to　France

works　most　sorely　on　the　U。S。　　On　this　subject　the　Secretary　of　State

has　written　to　you　fully。　　Yet　I　cannot　forbear　recurring　to　it

personally；　so　deep　is　the　impression　it　makes　in　my　mind。　　It

compleatly　reverses　all　the　political　relations　of　the　U。S。　　and　will

form　a　new　epoch　in　our　political　course。　　Of　all　nations　of　any

consideration　France　is　the　one　which　hitherto　has　offered　the　fewest

points　on　which　we　could　have　any　conflict　of　right；　and　the　most

points　of　a　communion　of　interests。　　From　these　causes　we　have　ever

looked　to　her　as　our　_natural　friend_；　as　one　with　which　we　never

could　have　an　occasion　of　difference。　　Her　growth　therefore　we　viewed

as　our　own；　her　misfortunes　ours。　　There　is　on　the　globe　one　single

spot；　the　possessor　of　which　is　our　natural　and　habitual　enemy。　　It

is　New　Orleans；　through　which　the　produce　of　three…eighths　of　our

territory　must　pass　to　market；　and　from　its　fertility　it　will　ere

long　yield　more　than　half　of　our　whole　produce　and　contain　more　than

half　our　inhabitants。　　France　placing　herself　in　that　door　assumes　to

us　the　attitude　of　defiance。　　Spain　might　have　retained　it　quietly

for　years。　　Her　pacific　dispositions；　her　feeble　state；　would　induce

her　to　increase　our　facilities　there；　so　that　her　possession　of　the

place　would　be　hardly　felt　by　us；　and　it　would　not　perhaps　be　very

long　before　some　circumstance　might　arise　which　might　make　the

cession　of　it　to　us　the　price　of　something　of　more　worth　to　her。　　Not

so　can　it　ever　be　in　the　hands　of　France。　　The　impetuosity　of　her

temper；　the　energy　and　restlessness　of　her　character；　placed　in　a

point　of　eternal　friction　with　us；　and　our　character；　which　though

quiet；　and　loving　peace　and　the　pursuit　of　wealth；　is　high…minded；

despising　wealth　in　competition　with　insult　or　injury；　enterprising

and　energetic　as　any　nation　on　earth；　these　circumstances　render　it

impossible　that　France　and　the　U。S。　can　continue　long　friends　when

they　meet　in　so　irritable　a　position。　　They　as　well　as　we　must　be

blind　if　they　do　not　see　this；　and　we　must　be　very　improvident　if　we

do　not　begin　to　make　arrangements　on　that　hypothesis。　　The　day　that

France　takes　possession　of　N。　Orleans　fixes　the　sentence　which　is　to

restrain　her　forever　within　her　low　water　mark。　　It　seals　the　union

of　two　nations　who　in　conjunction　can　maintain　exclusive　possession

of　the　ocean。　　From　that　moment　we　must　marry　ourselves　to　the

British　fleet　and　nation。　　We　must　turn　all　our　attentions　to　a

maritime　force；　for　which　our　resources　place　us　on　very　high

grounds：　and　having　formed　and　cemented　together　a　power　which　may

render　reinforcement　of　her　settlements　here　impossible　to　France；

make　the　first　cannon；　which　shall　be　fired　in　Europe　the　signal　for

tearing　up　any　settlement　she　may　have　made；　and　for　holding　the　two

continents　of　America