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ers　of　some　young　men　who　have　been　there。　　The　rules　with　regard　to　the　lodging　and　boarding　houses　are　very　stringent。　　Any　festive　entertainment　is　to　be　reported　to　the　president。　　No　wine　or　spirituous　liquors　may　be　used；　etc。　　It　is　not　a　picturesque　system；　this；　but　it　has　its　advantages。　There　is　a　handsome　library　attached　to　the　college　which　the　young　men　can　use；　but　it　is　not　as　extensive　as　I　had　expected。　　The　university　is　not　well　off　for　funds　by　which　to　increase　it。　　The　new　museum　in　the　college　is　also　a　handsome　building。　　The　edifices　used　for　the　undergraduates'　chambers　and　for　the　lecture…　rooms　are　by　no　means　handsome。　　They　are　very　ugly；　red　brick　houses；　standing　here　and　there　without　order。　　There　are　seven　such；　and　they　are　called　Brattle　House；　College　House；　Divinity　Hall；　Hollis　Hall；　Holsworthy　Hall；　Massachusetts　Hall；　and　Stoughton　Hall。　　It　is　almost　astonishing　that　buildings　so　ugly　should　have　been　erected　for　such　a　purpose。　　These；　together　with　the　library；　the　museum；　and　the　chapel；　stand　on　a　large　green；　which　might　be　made　pretty　enough　if　it　were　kept　well　mown；　like　the　gardens　of　our　Cambridge　colleges；　but　it　is　much　neglected。　Here；　again；　the　want　of　fundsthe　auqusta　res　domimust　be　pleaded　as　an　excuse。　　On　the　same　green；　but　at　some　little　distance　from　any　other　building；　stands　the　president's　pleasant　house。　The　immediate　direction　of　the　college　is　of　course　mainly　in　the　hands　of　the　president；　who　is　supreme。　　But　for　the　general　management　of　the　institution　there　is　a　corporation；　of　which　he　is　one。　　It　is　stated　in　the　laws　of　the　university　that　the　Corporation　of　the　University　and　its　Overseers　constitute　the　Government　of　the　University。　　The　Corporation　consists　of　the　President；　five　Fellows　so　called；　and　a　Treasurer。　　These　Fellows　are　chosen；　as　vacancies　occur；　by　themselves；　subject　to　the　concurrence　of　the　Overseers。　　But　these　Fellows　are　in　nowise　like　to　the　Fellows　of　our　colleges；　having　no　salaries　attached　to　their　offices。　　The　Board　of　Overseers　consists　of　the　State　Governor；　other　State　officers；　the　President　and　Treasurer　of　Harvard　College；　and　thirty　other　persons；　men　of　note；　chosen　by　vote。　　The　Faculty　of　the　College；　in　which　is　vested　the　immediate　care　and　government　of　the　undergraduates；　is　composed　of　the　President　and　the　Professors。　　The　Professors　answer　to　the　tutors　of　our　colleges；　and　upon　them　the　education　of　the　place　depends。　I　cannot　complete　this　short　notice　of　Harvard　College　without　saying　that　it　is　happy　in　the　possession　of　that　distinguished　natural　philosopher　Professor　Agassiz。　　M。　Agassiz　has　collected　at　Cambridge　a　museum　of　such　things　as　natural　philosophers　delight　to　show；　which　I　am　told　is　all　but　invaluable。　　As　my　ignorance　on　all　such　matters　is　of　a　depth　which　the　professor　can　hardly　imagine；　and　which　it　would　have　shocked　him　to　behold；　I　did　not　visit　the　museum。　　Taking　the　University　of　Harvard　College　as　a　whole；　I　should　say　that　it　is　most　remarkable　in　thisthat　it　does　really　give　to　its　pupils　that　education　which　it　professes　to　give。　　Of　our　own　universities　other　good　things　may　be　said；　but　that　one　special　good　thing　cannot　always　be　said。　Cambridge　boasts　itself　as　the　residence　of　four　or　five　men　well　known　to　fame　on　the　American　and　also　on　the　European　side　of　the　ocean。　　President　Felton's*　name　is　very　familiar　to　us；　and　wherever　Greek　scholarship　is　held　in　repute；　that　is　known。　　So　also　is　the　name　of　Professor　Agassiz；　of　whom　I　have　spoken。　Russell　Lowell　is　one　of　the　professors　of　the　collegethat　Russell　Lowell　who　sang　of　Birdofredum　Sawin；　and　whose　Biglow　Papers　were　edited　with　such　an　ardor　of　love　by　our　Tom　Brown；　Birdofredum　is　worthy　of　all　the　ardor。　　Mr。　Dana　is　also　a　Cambridge　manhe　who　was　〃two　years　before　the　mast；〃　and　who　since　that　has　written　to　us　of　Cuba。　　But　Mr。　Dana；　though　residing　at　Cambridge；　is　not　of　Cambridge；　and；　though　a　literary　man；　he　does　not　belong　to　literature。　　He　iscould　he　help　it？a　〃special　attorney。〃　　I　must　not；　however；　degrade　him；　for　in　the　States　barristers　and　attorneys　are　all　one。　　I　cannot　but　think　that　he　could　help　it；　and　that　he　should　not　give　up　to　law　what　was　meant　for　mankind。　　I　fear；　however；　that　successful　Law　has　caught　him　in　her　intolerant　clutches；　and　that　Literature；　who　surely　would　be　the　nobler　mistress；　must　wear　the　willow。　　Last　and　greatest　is　the　poet…laureate　of　the　West；　for　Mr。　Longfellow　also　lives　at　Cambridge。

*　Since　these　words　were　written　President　Felton　has　diedI；　as　I　returned　on　my　way　homeward；　had　the　melancholy　privilege　of　being　present　at　his　funeral。　　I　feel　bound　to　record　here　the　great　kindness　with　which　Mr。　Felton　assisted　me　in　obtaining　such　information　as　I　needed　respecting　the　institution　over　which　he　presided。

I　am　not　at　all　aware　whether　the　nature　of　the　manufacturing　corporation　of　Lowell　is　generally　understood　by　Englishmen。　　I　confess　that　until　I　made　personal　acquaintance　with　the　plan；　I　was　absolutely　ignorant　on　the　subject。　　I　knew　that　Lowell　was　a　manufacturing　town　at　which　cotton　is　made　into　calico；　and　at　which　calico　is　printedas　is　the　case　at　Manchester；　but　I　conceived　this　was　done　at　Lowell；　as　it　is　done　at　Manchester；　by　individual　enterprisethat　I　or　any　one　else　could　open　a　mill　at　Lowell；　and　that　the　manufacturers　there　were　ordinary　traders；　as　they　are　at　other　manufacturing　towns。　　But　this　is　by　no　means　the　case。　That　which　most　surprises　an　English　visitor　on　going　through　the　mills　at　Lowell　is　the　personal　appearance　of　the　men　and　women　who　work　at　them。　　As　there　are　twice　as　many　women　as　there　are　men；　it　is　to　them　that　the　attention　is　chiefly　called。　　They　are　not　only　better　dressed；　cleaner；　and　better　mounted　in　every　respect　than　the　girls　employed　at　manufactories　in　England；　but　they　are　so　infinitely　superior　as　to　make　a　stranger　immediately　perceive　that　some　very　strong　cause　must　have　created　the　difference。　　We　all　know　the　class　of　young　women　whom　we　generally　see　serving　behind　counters　in　the　shops　of　our　larger　cities。　　They　are　neat；　well　dressed；　careful；　especially　about　their　hair；　composed　in　their　manner；　and　sometimes　a　little　supercilious　in　the　propriety　of　their　demeanor。　　It　is　exactly　the　same　class　of　young　women　that　one　sees　in　the　factories　at　Lowell。　　They　are　not　sallow；　nor　dirty；　nor　ragged；　nor　rough。　　They　have　about　them　no　signs　of　want；　or　of　low　culture。　　Many　of　us　also　know　the　appearance　of　those　girls　who　work　in　the　factories　in　England；　and　I　think　it　will　be　allowed　that　a　second　glance　at　them　is　not　wanting　to　show　that　they　are　in　every　respect　inferior　to　the　young　women　who　attend　our　shops。　　The　matter；　indeed；　requires　no　argument。　　Any　young　woman　at　a　shop　would　be　insulted　by　being　asked　whether　she　had　worked　at　a　factory。　　The　difference　with　regard　to　the　men　at　Lowell　is　quite　as　strong；　though　not　so　striking。　　Working　men　do　not　show　their　status　in　the　world　by　their　outward　appearance　as　readily　as　women；　and；　as　I　have　said　before；　the　number　of　the　women　greatly　exceeded　that　of　the　men。　One　would　of　course　be　disposed　to　say　that　the　superior　condition　of　the　workers　must　have　been　occasioned　by　superior　wages；　and　this；　to　a　certain　extent；　has　been　the　cause。　　But　the　higher　payment　is　not　the　chief　cause。　　Women's　wages；　including　all　that　they　receive　at　the　Lowell　factories；　average　about　14s。　a　week；　which　is；　I　take　it；　fully　a　third　more　than　women　can　earn　in　Manchester；　or　did　earn　before　the　loss　of　the　American　cotton　began　to　tell　upon　them。　　But　if　wages　at　Manchester　were　raised　to　the　Lowell　standard；　the　Manchester　women　would　not　be　clothed；　fed；　cared　for；　and　educated　like　the　Lowell　women。　　The　fact　is；　that　the　workmen　and　the　workwomen　at　Lowell　are　not　exposed　to　the　chances　of　an　open　labor　market。　　They　are　taken　in；　as　it　were；　to　a　philanthropical　manufacturing　college；　and　then　looked　after　and　regulated　more　as　girls　and　lads　at　a　great　seminary；　than　as　hands　by　whose　industry　profit　is　to　be　made　out　of　capital。　　This　is　all　very　nice　and　pretty　at　Lowell；　but　I　am　afraid　it　could　not　be　done　at　Manchester。　There　are　at　present　twelve　different　manufactories　at　Lowell；　each　of　which　has　what　is　called　a　separate　corporation。　　The　Merrimack　Manufacturing　Company　was　incorporated　in　1822；　and　thus　Lowell　was　commenced。　　The　Lowell　Machine…shop　was　incorporated　in　1845；　and　since　that　no　new　establishment　has　been　added。　　In　1821；　a　certain　Boston　manufacturing　company；　which　had　mills　at　Waltham；　near　Boston；　was　attracted　by　the　water…power　of　the　River　Merrimack；　on　which　the　present　town　of　Lowell　is　situated。　　A　canal　called　the　Pawtucket　Canal　had　been　made　for　purposes　of　navigation　from　one　reach　of　the　river　to　another；　with　the　object　of　avoiding　the　Pawtucket　Falls；　and　this　canal；　with　the　adjacent　water…power　of　the　river；　was　purchased　for　the　Boston　company。　　The　place　was　then　called　Lowell；　after　one　of　the　partners　in　that　company。　It　must　be　understood　that　water…power　alone　is　used　for　preparing　the　cotton　and　working　the　spindles　and　looms　of　the　cotton　mills。　Steam　is　applie