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ern　States；　not　because　they　care　for　cotton；　not　because　they　are　anti…abolitionists；　not　because　they　admire　the　hearty　pluck　of　those　who　are　endeavoring　to　work　out　for　themselves　a　new　revolution。　　They　sympathize　with　the　South　from　strong　dislike　to　the　aggression；　the　braggadocio；　and　the　insolence　they　have　felt　upon　their　own　borders。　　They　dislike　Mr。　Seward's　weak　and　vulgar　joke　with　the　Duke　of　Newcastle。　　They　dislike　Mr。　Everett's　flattering　hints　to　his　countrymen　as　to　the　one　nation　that　is　to　occupy　the　whole　continent。　　They　dislike　the　Monroe　doctrine。　　They　wonder　at　the　meekness　with　which　England　has　endured　the　vauntings　of　the　Northern　States；　and　are　endued　with　no　such　meekness　of　their　own。　　They　would；　I　believe；　be　well　prepared　to　meet　and　give　an　account　of　any　filibusters　who　might　visit　them；　and　I　am　not　sure　that　it　is　wisely　done　on　our　part　to　show　any　intention　of　taking　the　work　out　of　their　hands。　But　I　am　led　to　this　opinion　in　no　degree　by　a　feeling　that　Great　Britain　ought　to　grudge　the　cost　of　the　soldiers。　　If　Canada　will　be　safer　with　them；　in　Heaven's　name　let　her　have　them。　　It　has　been　argued　in　many　places；　not　only　with　regard　to　Canada；　but　as　to　all　our　self…governed　colonies；　that　military　service　should　not　be　given　at　British　expense　and　with　British　men　to　any　colony　which　has　its　own　representative　government　and　which　levies　its　own　taxes。　　〃While　Great　Britain　absolutely　held　the　reins　of　government；　and　did　as　it　pleased　with　the　affairs　of　its　dependencies；〃　such　politicians　say；　〃it　was　just　and　right　that　she　should　pay　the　bill。　　As　long　as　her　government　of　a　colony　was　paternal；　so　long　was　it　right　that　the　mother　country　should　put　herself　in　the　place　of　a　father；　and　enjoy　a　father's　undoubted　prerogative　of　putting　his　hand　into　his　breeches　pocket　to　provide　for　all　the　wants　of　his　child。　　But　when　the　adult　son　set　up　for　himself　in　businesshaving　received　education　from　the　parent；　and　having　had　his　apprentice　fees　duly　paidthen　that　son　should　settle　his　own　bills；　and　look　no　longer　to　the　paternal　pocket。〃　Such　is　the　law　of　the　world　all　over；　from　little　birds；　whose　young　fly　away　when　fledged；　upward　to　men　and　nations。　　Let　the　father　work　for　the　child　while　he　is　a　child；　but　when　the　child　has　become　a　man；　let　him　lean　no　longer　on　his　father's　staff。　The　argument　is；　I　think；　very　good；　but　it　proves　not　that　we　are　relieved　from　the　necessity　of　assisting　our　colonies　with　payments　made　out　of　British　taxes；　but　that　we　are　still　bound　to　give　such　assistance；　and　that　we　shall　continue　to　be　so　bound　as　long　as　we　allow　these　colonies　to　adhere　to　us　or　as　they　allow　us　to　adhere　to　them。　　In　fact；　the　young　bird　is　not　yet　fully　fledged。　　That　illustration　of　the　father　and　the　child　is　a　just　one；　but　in　order　to　make　it　just　it　should　be　followed　throughout。　　When　the　son　is　in　fact　established　on　his　own　bottom；　then　the　father　expects　that　he　will　live　without　assistance。　　But　when　the　son　does　so　live；　he　is　freed　from　all　paternal　control。　　The　father；　while　he　expects　to　be　obeyed；　continues　to　fill　the　paternal　office　of　paymasterof　paymaster；　at　any　rate；　to　some　extent。　And　so；　I　think；　it　must　be　with　our　colonies。　　The　Canadas　at　present　are　not　independent；　and　have　not　political　power　of　their　own　apart　from　the　political　power　of　Great　Britain。　　England　has　declared　herself　neutral　as　regards　the　Northern　and　Southern　States；　and　by　that　neutrality　the　Canadas　are　bound；　and　yet　the　Canadas　were　not　consulted　in　the　matter。　　Should　England　go　to　war　with　France；　Canada　must　close　her　ports　against　French　vessels。　If　England　chooses　to　send　her　troops　to　Canadian　barracks；　Canada　cannot　refuse　to　accept　them。　　If　England　should　send　to　Canada　an　unpopular　governor；　Canada　has　no　power　to　reject　his　services。　　As　long　as　Canada　is　a　colony　so　called；　she　cannot　be　independent；　and　should　not　be　expected　to　walk　alone。　　It　is　exactly　the　same　with　the　colonies　of　Australia；　with　New　Zealand；　with　the　Cape　of　Good　Hope；　and　with　Jamaica。　　While　England　enjoys　the　prestige　of　her　colonies；　while　she　boasts　that　such　large　and　now　populous　territories　are　her　dependencies；　she　must　and　should　be　content　to　pay　some　portion　of　the　bill。　　Surely　it　is　absurd　on　our　part　to　quarrel　with　Caffre　warfare；　with　New　Zealand　fighting；　and　the　rest　of　it。　　Such　complaints　remind　one　of　an　ancient　pater　familias　who　insists　on　having　his　children　and　his　grandchildren　under　the　old　paternal　roof；　and　then　grumbles　because　the　butcher's　bill　is　high。　　Those　who　will　keep　large　households　and　bountiful　tables　should　not　be　afraid　of　facing　the　butcher's　bill　or　unhappy　at　the　tonnage　of　the　coal。　　It　is　a　grand　thing；　that　power　of　keeping　a　large　table；　but　it　ceases　to　be　grand　when　the　items　heaped　upon　it　cause　inward　groans　and　outward　moodiness。　Why　should　the　colonies　remain　true　to　us　as　children　are　true　to　their　parents；　if　we　grudge　them　the　assistance　which　is　due　to　a　child？　　They　raise　their　own　taxes；　it　is　said；　and　administer　them。　　True；　and　it　is　well　that　the　growing　son　should　do　something　for　himself。　　While　the　father　does　all　for　him；　the　son's　labor　belongs　to　the　father。　　Then　comes　a　middle　state　in　which　the　son　does　much　for　himself；　but　not　all。　　In　that　middle　state　now　stand　our　prosperous　colonies。　　Then　comes　the　time　when　the　son　shall　stand　alone　by　his　own　strength；　and　to　that　period　of　manly；　self…respected　strength　let　us　all　hope　that　those　colonies　are　advancing。　　It　is　very　hard　for　a　mother　country　to　know　when　such　a　time　has　come；　and　hard　also　for　the　child…colony　to　recognize　justly　the　period　of　its　own　maturity。　　Whether　or　no　such　severance　may　ever　take　place　without　a　quarrel；　without　weakness　on　one　side　and　pride　on　the　other；　is　a　problem　in　the　world's　history　yet　to　be　solved。　　The　most　successful　child　that　ever　yet　has　gone　off　from　a　successful　parent；　and　taken　its　own　path　into　the　world；　is　without　doubt　the　nation　of　the　United　States。　　Their　present　troubles　are　the　result　and　the　proofs　of　their　success。　　The　people　that　were　too　great　to　be　dependent　on　any　nation　have　now　spread　till　they　are　themselves　too　great　for　a　single　nationality。　　No　one　now　thinks　that　that　daughter　should　have　remained　longer　subject　to　her　mother。　　But　the　severance　was　not　made　in　amity；　and　the　shrill　notes　of　the　old　family　quarrel　are　still　sometimes　heard　across　the　waters。　From　all　this　the　question　arises　whether　that　problem　may　ever　be　solved　with　reference　to　the　Canadas。　　That　it　will　never　be　their　destiny　to　join　themselves　to　the　States　of　the　Union；　I　feel　fully　convinced。　　In　the　first　place　it　is　becoming　evident　from　the　present　circumstances　of　the　Union；　if　it　had　never　been　made　evident　by　history　before；　that　different　people　with　different　habits；　living　at　long　distances　from　each　other；　cannot　well　be　brought　together　on　equal　terms　under　one　government。　　That　noble　ambition　of　the　Americans　that　all　the　continent　north　of　the　isthmus　should　be　united　under　one　flag；　has　already　been　thrown　from　its　saddle。　　The　North　and　South　are　virtually　separated；　and　the　day　will　come　in　which　the　West　also　will　secede。　　As　population　increases　and　trades　arise　peculiar　to　those　different　climates；　the　interests　of　the　people　will　differ；　and　a　new　secession　will　take　place　beneficial　alike　to　both　parties。　　If　this　be　so；　if　even　there　be　any　tendency　this　way；　it　affords　the　strongest　argument　against　the　probability　of　any　future　annexation　of　the　Canadas。　　And　then；　in　the　second　place；　the　feeling　of　Canada　is　not　American；　but　British。　　If　ever　she　be　separated　from　Great　Britain；　she　will　be　separated　as　the　States　were　separated。　She　will　desire　to　stand　alone；　and　to　enter　herself　as　one　among　the　nations　of　the　earth。　She　will　desire　to　stand　alone；　alone；　that　is　without　dependence　either　on　England　or　on　the　States。　　But　she　is　so　circumstanced　geographically　that　she　can　never　stand　alone　without　amalgamation　with　our　other　North　American　provinces。　　She　has　an　outlet　to　the　sea　at　the　Gulf　of　St。　Lawrence；　but　it　is　only　a　summer　outlet。　Her　winter　outlet　is　by　railway　through　the　States；　and　no　other　winter　outlet　is　possible　for　her　except　through　the　sister　provinces。　　Before　Canada　can　be　nationally　great；　the　line　of　railway　which　now　runs　for　some　hundred　miles　below　Quebec　to　Riviere　du　Loup　must　be　continued　on　through　New　Brunswick　and　Nova　Scotia　to　the　port　of　Halifax。　When　I　was　in　Canada　I　heard　the　question　discussed　of　a　federal　government　between　the　provinces　of　the　two　Canadas；　New　Brunswick；　and　Nova　Scotia。　　To　these　were　added；　or　not　added；　according　to　the　opinion　of　those　who　spoke；　the　smaller　outlying　colonies　of　Newfoundland　and　Prince　Edward's　Island。　　If　a　scheme　for　such　a　government　were　projected　in　Downing　Street；　all　would　no　doubt　be　included；　and　a　clean　sweep　would　be　made　without　difficulty。　　But　the　project　as　made　in　the　colonies　appears　in　different　guises；　as　it　comes　either　from　Canada　or　from　one　of　the　other　provinces。　The　Canadian　idea　would　be　that　the　two　Canadas　should　form　two　States　of　such　a　confederation；　and　the　other　pro