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materials　of　lovely　scenery。　The　streets　in　Toronto　are　framed　with　wood；　or　rather　planked；　as　are　those　of　Montreal　and　Quebec；　but　they　are　kept　in　better　order。　　I　should　say　that　the　planks　are　first　used　at　Toronto；　then　sent　down　by　the　lake　to　Montreal；　and　when　all　but　rotted　out　there；　are　again　floated　off　by　the　St。　Lawrence　to　be　used　in　the　thoroughfares　of　the　old　French　capital。　　But　if　the　streets　of　Toronto　are　better　than　those　of　the　other　towns；　the　roads　around　it　are　worse。　　I　had　the　honor　of　meeting　two　distinguished　members　of　the　Provincial　Parliament　at　dinner　some　few　miles　out　of　town；　and；　returning　back　a　short　while　after　they　had　left　our　host's　house；　was　glad　to　be　of　use　in　picking　them　up　from　a　ditch　into　which　their　carriage　had　been　upset。　　To　me　it　appeared　all　but　miraculous　that　any　carriage　should　make　its　way　over　that　road　without　such　misadventure。　　I　may　perhaps　be　allowed　to　hope　that　the　discomfiture　of　these　worthy　legislators　may　lead　to　some　improvement　in　the　thoroughfare。　I　had　on　a　previous　occasion　gone　down　the　St。　Lawrence；　through　the　Thousand　Isles　and　over　the　Rapids；　in　one　of　those　large　summer　steamboats　which　ply　upon　the　lake　and　river。　　I　cannot　say　that　I　was　much　struck　by　the　scenery；　and　therefore　did　not　encroach　upon　my　time　by　making　the　journey　again。　　Such　an　opinion　will　be　regarded　as　heresy　by　many　who　think　much　of　the　Thousand　Islands。　　I　do　not　believe　that　they　would　be　expressly　noted　by　any　traveler　who　was　not　expressly　bidden　to　admire　them。　From　Toronto　we　went　across　to　Niagara；　re…entering　the　States　at　Lewiston；　in　New　York。

CHAPTER　VI。　THE　CONNECTION　OF　THE　CANADAS　WITH　GREAT　BRITAIN。

When　the　American　war　began　troops　were　sent　out　to　Canada；　and　when　I　was　in　the　provinces　more　troops　were　then　expected。　　The　matter　was　much　talked　of；　as　a　matter　of　course；　in　Canada；　and　it　had　been　discussed　in　England　before　I　left。　　I　had　seen　much　said　about　it　in　the　English　papers　since；　and　it　also　had　become　the　subject　of　very　hot　question　among　the　politicians　of　the　Northern　States。　　The　measure　had　at　that　time　given　more　umbrage　to　the　North　than　anything　else　done　or　said　by　England　from　the　beginning　of　the　war　up　to　that　time；　except　the　declaration　made　by　Lord　John　Russell　in　the　House　of　Commons　as　to　the　neutrality　to　be　preserved　by　England　between　the　two　belligerents。　　The　argument　used　by　the　Northern　States　was　this：　if　France　collects　men　and　material　of　war　in　the　neighborhood　of　England；　England　considers　herself　injured；　calls　for　an　explanation；　and　talks　of　invasion。　Therefore；　as　England　is　now　collecting　men　and　material　of　war　in　our　neighborhood；　we　will　consider　ourselves　injured。　　It　does　not　suit　us　to　ask　for　an　explanation；　because　it　is　not　our　habit　to　interfere　with　other　nations。　　We　will　not　pretend　to　say　that　we　think　we　are　to　be　invaded。　　But　as　we　clearly　are　injured；　we　will　express　our　anger　at　that　injury；　and　when　the　opportunity　shall　come　will　take　advantage　of　having　that　new　grievance。　As　we　all　know；　a　very　large　increase　of　force　was　sent　when　we　were　still　in　doubt　as　to　the　termination　of　the　Trent　affair；　and　imagined　that　war　was　imminent。　　But　the　sending　of　that　large　force　did　not　anger　the　Americans　as　the　first　dispatch　of　troops　to　Canada　had　angered　them。　　Things　had　so　turned　out　that　measures　of　military　precaution　were　acknowledged　by　them　to　be　necessary。　I　cannot；　however；　but　think　that　Mr。　Seward　might　have　spared　that　offer　to　send　British　troops　across　Maine；　and　so　also　have　all　his　countrymen　thought　by　whom　I　have　heard　the　matter　discussed。　As　to　any　attempt　at　invasion　of　Canada　by　the　Americans；　or　idea　of　punishing　the　alleged　injuries　suffered　by　the　States　from　Great　Britain　by　the　annexation　of　those　provinces；　I　do　not　believe　that　any　sane…minded　citizens　of　the　States　believe　in　the　possibility　of　such　retaliation。　　Some　years　since　the　Americans　thought　that　Canada　might　shine　in　the　Union　firmament　as　a　new　star；　but　that　delusion　is；　I　think；　over。　　Such　annexation；　if　ever　made；　must　have　been　made　not　only　against　the　arms　of　England；　but　must　also　have　been　made　in　accordance　with　the　wishes　of　the　people　so　annexed。　　It　was　then　believed　that　the　Canadians　were　not　averse　to　such　a　change；　and　there　may　possibly　have　then　been　among　them　the　remnant　of　such　a　wish。　　There　is　certainly　no　such　desire　now；　not　even　a　remnant　of　such　a　desire；　and　the　truth　on　this　matter　is；　I　think；　generally　acknowledged。　　The　feeling　in　Canada　is　one　of　strong　aversion　to　the　United　States　government　and　of　predilection　for　self…government　under　the　English　Crown。　　A　faineant　governor　and　the　prestige　of　British　power　is　now　the　political　aspiration　of　the　Canadians　in　general；　and　I　think　that　this　is　understood　in　the　States。　　Moreover；　the　States　have　a　job　of　work　on　hand　which；　as　they　themselves　are　well　aware；　is　taxing　all　their　energies。　　Such　being　the　case；　I　do　not　think　that　England　needs　to　fear　any　invasion　of　Canada　authorized　by　the　States　government。　This　feeling　of　a　grievance　on　the　part　of　the　States　was　a　manifest　absurdity。　　The　new　reinforcement　of　the　garrisons　in　Canada　did　not；　when　I　was　in　Canada；　amount；　as　I　believe；　to　more　than　2000　men。　　But　had　it　amounted　to　20；000；　the　States　would　have　had　no　just　ground　for　complaint。　　Of　all　nationalities　that　in　modern　days　have　risen　to　power；　they；　above　all　others；　have　shown　that　they　would　do　what　they　liked　with　their　own；　indifferent　to　foreign　counsels　and　deaf　to　foreign　remonstrance。　〃Do　you　go　your　way；　and　let　us　go　ours。　　We　will　trouble　you　with　no　question；　nor　do　you　trouble　us。〃　　Such　has　been　their　national　policy；　and　it　has　obtained　for　them　great　respect。　　They　have　resisted　the　temptation　of　putting　their　fingers　into　the　caldron　of　foreign　policy；　and　foreign　politicians；　acknowledging　their　reserve　in　this　respect；　have　not　been　offended　at　the　bristles　with　which　their　Noli　me　tangere　has　been　proclaimed。　　Their　intelligence　has　been　appreciated；　and　their　conduct　has　been　respected。　　But　if　this　has　been　their　line　of　policy；　they　must　be　entirely　out　of　court　in　raising　any　question　as　to　the　position　of　British　troops　on　British　soil。　〃It　shows　us　that　you　doubt　us；〃　an　American　says；　with　an　air　of　injured　honoror　did　say；　before　that　Trent　affair。　　〃And　it　is　done　to　express　sympathy　with　the　South。　　The　Southerners　understand　it；　and　we　understand　it　also。　　We　know　where　your　hearts　arenay；　your　very　souls。　　They　are　among　the　slave…　begotten　cotton　bales　of　the　rebel　South。〃　　Then　comes　the　whole　of　the　long　argument　in　which　it　seems　so　easy　to　an　Englishman　to　prove　that　England；　in　the　whole　of　this　sad　matter；　has　been　true　and　loyal　to　her　friend。　　She　could　not　interfere　when　the　husband　and　wife　would　quarrel。　　She　could　only　grieve；　and　wish　that　things　might　come　right　and　smooth　for　both　parties。　　But　the　argument；　though　so　easy；　is　never　effectual。　It　seems　to　me　foolish　in　an　American　to　quarrel　with　England　for　sending　soldiers　to　Canada；　but　I　cannot　say　that　I　thought　it　was　well　done　to　send　them　at　the　beginning　of　the　war。　　The　English　government　did　not；　I　presume；　take　this　step　with　reference　to　any　possible　invasion　of　Canada　by　the　government　of　the　States。　　We　are　fortifying　Portsmouth；　and　Portland；　and　Plymouth；　because　we　would　fain　be　safe　against　the　French　army　acting　under　a　French　Emperor。　　But　we　sent　2000　troops　to　Canada；　if　I　understand　the　matter　rightly；　to　guard　our　provinces　against　the　filibustering　energies　of　a　mass　of　unemployed　American　soldiers；　when　those　soldiers　should　come　to　be　disbanded。　　When　this　war　shall　be　over　a　war　during　which　not　much；　if　any；　under　a　million　of　American　citizens　will　have　been　under　armsit　will　not　be　easy　for　all　who　survive　to　return　to　their　old　homes　and　old　occupations。　　Nor　does　a　disbanded　soldier　always　make　a　good　husbandman；　notwithstanding　the　great　examples　of　Cincinnatus　and　Bird…o'…freedom　Sawin。　　It　may　be　that　a　considerable　amount　of　filibustering　energy　will　be　afloat；　and　that　the　then　government　of　those　who　neighbor　us　in　Canada　will　have　other　matters　in　hand　more　important　to　them　than　the　controlling　of　these　unruly　spirits。　　That；　as　I　take　it；　was　the　evil　against　which　we　of　Great　Britain　and　of　Canada　desired　to　guard　ourselves。　But　I　doubt　whether　2000　or　10；000　British　soldiers　would　be　any　effective　guard　against　such　inroads；　and　I　doubt　more　strongly　whether　any　such　external　guarding　will　be　necessary。　　If　the　Canadians　were　prepared　to　fraternize　with　filibusters　from　the　States；　neither　three　nor　ten　thousand　soldiers　would　avail　against　such　a　feeling　over　a　frontier　stretching　from　the　State　of　Maine　to　the　shores　of　Lake　Huron　and　Lake　Erie。　　If　such　a　feeling　did　existif　the　Canadians　wished　the　changein　God's　name　let　them　go。　　It　is　for　their　sakes；　and　not　for　our　own；　that　we　would　have　them　bound　to　us。　　But　the　Canadians　are　averse　to　such　a　change　with　a　degree　of　feeling　that　amounts　to　national　intensity。　　Their　sympathies　are　with　the　Southern　States；　not　because　they　care　for　cotton；　not　because　they　are　anti…abolitionists；　not　because　t