the army of the cumberland-第51节

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of　W。　L。　Elliott。　　The　army　in　the　field　consisted　of　60；773　effective　men。

General　Thomas　ordered　the　Fourth　Corps　to　Cleveland。　　The　Fourteenth　Corps　in　front　of　Chattanooga　was　well　thrown　forward　toward　the　enemy's　front　at　Dalton；　preparatory　to　the　spring　campaign　in　Atlanta；　under　General　Sherman。　　The　Twentieth　Corps　was　stationed　in　Lookout　Valley。

In　the　general　engagement　Grant's　plan　of　battle　had　been　for　Sherman　with　five　divisions　to　make　the　main　attack；　sweep　everything　before　him　down　the　ridge；　and　when　he　had　the　rebels　in　full　retreat；　the　Army　of　the　Cumberland　was　then　to　aid　in　the　pursuit；　after　patiently　waiting　until　the　fighting　was　over。　　Hooker；　under　Grant's　original　plan；　was　to　simply　hold　Lookout　Valley　secure；　and　when　the　enemy　was　driven　by　Sherman；　he　too　was　to　join　in　the　pursuit。　All　the　fighting　of　the　battle　was　to　be　done　by　Sherman　and　all　the　glory　thereof　was　to　be　his。　　In　Sherman's　memoirs　we　are　favored　with　Grant's　views　of　the　Army　of　the　Cumberland　when　Sherman　first　reported　in　person　to　Grant　at　Chattanooga；　to　learn　of　his　plan　and　the　part　he；　Sherman；　was　to　take。　　Sherman　says　that　Grant　told　him　〃that　the　men　of　Thomas's　army　had　been　so　demoralized　by　the　battle　of　Chickamauga　that　he　feared　they　could　not　be　got　out　of　their　trenches　to　assume　the　offensive；〃　and　that　〃the　Army　of　the　Cumberland　had　so　long　been　in　the　trenches　that　he　wanted　my　troops　to　hurry　up　to　take　the　offensive　FIRST；　after　which　he　had　no　doubt　the　Cumberland　Army　would　fight　well。〃　　So；　under　Grant's　plan；　the　Army　of　the　Cumberland　was　to　stand　by　and　be　taught　a　grand　object　lesson　how　to　fight；　as　given　by　Sherman。　　During　the　course　of　the　engagement　the　plan　was　modified　twice。　　Under　the　original　plan；　Sherman　was　to　make　a　demonstration　up　Lookout　Valley；　in　the　expectation　that　Bragg　would　strengthen　his　left　at　the　expense　of　his　right；　thereby　making　Sherman's　part　of　the　plan　so　much　the　lighter　as　the　line　on　his　battle　front　was　weakened。　To　carry　this　out　Hugh　Ewing's　division　was　sent　to　Trenton；　but　this　accomplished　nothing。　　Grant　fearing　that　Bragg's　right　might　be　too　strong　for　Sherman　to　give　his　lesson　to　the　Army　of　the　Cumberland　properly；　finding　Osterhaus's　division　cut　off　from　Sherman；　ordered　it　to　report　to　Hooker；　who　was　directed　to　take　it　and　Geary's　division　with　Cruft's　division　of　the　Fourth　Corps　and　make　a　demonstration　on　the　rebel　left　at　Lookout　Mountain；　to　attract　the　attention　of　Bragg　while　Sherman　was　getting　into　position　to　take　〃the　end　of　Missionary　Ridge　as　far　as　the　tunnel。〃　Hooker；　on　the　day　previous；　learning　that　Howard's　corps　was　going　into　Chattanooga；　and　probably　into　the　fight；　asked　to　be　allowed　his　right　to　be　with　his　troops　under　fire。　　Under　his　original　order　he　was　simply　to　hold　Lookout　Valley；　which　he　did　not　relish　if　part　of　his　command　should　engage　the　enemy。　　When　his　orders　came　to　〃make　a　demonstration〃　he　determined　he　would　take　Lookout　Mountain　and　drive　Bragg's　left　out　of　his　works。　　With　less　than　ten　thousand　troops；　over　two…thirds　of　whom　were　the　Army　of　the　Cumberland；　Hooker　fought　his　〃Battle　above　the　Clouds；〃　that　will　last　in　history　forever；　and　grow　in　fancy　and　song　as　the　years　roll　on。　　Hooker　took　Lookout　Mountain　and　drove　the　rebel　left　to　Rossville；　over　five　miles；　before　Sherman　reached　the　tunnel。　He　made　Sherman's　task　none　the　easier；　however；　because　Bragg　then　threw　the　two　divisions　Hooker　had　whipped　upon　Sherman's　front。

Then；　when　Sherman　had　been　fighting　for　nearly　two　days；　and　had　failed　to　make　the　headway　Grant's　plan　contemplated；　the　plan　underwent　another　modification。　　On　the　25th；　Grant　ordered　Thomas　to　move　out　his　troops　from　the　centre；　to　make　another　〃demonstration〃　in　Sherman's　behalf；　so　he　could　take　the　tunnel　in　accordance　with　the　original　plan。　　Thomas　was　ordered　to　take　the　first　line　of　rifle…pits　and　hold　his　command　there；　while　Bragg　was　expected　to　draw　off　part　of　his　troops　from　Sherman's　front　and　strengthen　his　line　in　front　of　the　〃demonstration。〃　　Thomas's　orders　to　his　corps　and　division　generals　were　given　in　accordance　with　Grant's　instructions；　and　as　the　orders　reached　the　brigade　and　regimental　commanders；　as　far　as　the　officers　were　concerned　the　movement　was　only　to　be　a　〃demonstration。〃　　When　the　troops　reached　the　rebel　line；　captured　it；　and　then　found　themselves　under　the　heavy　fire　from　the　enemy's　lines　on　the　heights　above；　without　orders；　and　even　against　orders；　the　soldiers　of　the　Army　of　the　Cumberland；　who　were　〃so　demoralized　that　they　would　not　fight；〃　pressed　up　the　face　of　the　ridge　under　the　deadly　musketry　fire　that　greeted　them；　with　cannon　in　front；　to　the　right　and　the　left；　raking　with　converging　fire；　and　won　for　General　Grant　the　battle　of　Missionary　Ridge；　driving　Bragg　away　from　Sherman's　front　and　thus　enabling　him　to　take　the　tunnel　as　ordered。　　Whenever　the　victory　of　Missionary　Ridge　shall　be　narrated　on　history's　page；　this　gallant　charge　of　the　brave　men　of　Wood's　and　Sheridan's　divisions；　with　those　of　Baird　and　Johnson　on　their　left　and　right；　will　always　be　the　prominent　feature　of　the　engagement　as　told　in　the　coming　years；　and　will　be　the　last　to　lose　its　glory　and　renown。

No　wonder　that　General　Grant　failed　to　appreciate　this　movement　at　the　time；　not　understanding　the　troops　who　had　it　in　charge。　　When　he　found　these　commands　ascending　the　ridge　to　capture　it　when　he　ordered　a　〃demonstration〃　to　be　made　to　the　foot　of　the　hill　and　there　to　wait；　he　turned　sharply　to　General　Thomas　and　asked；　〃By　whose　orders　are　those　troops　going　up　the　hill？〃　　General　Thomas；　taking　in　the　situation　at　once；　suggested　that　it　was　probably　their　own。　　General　Grant　remarked　that　〃it　was　all　right　if　it　turned　out　all　right；〃　and　added；　〃if　not；　some　one　would　suffer。〃　But　it　turned　out　〃all　right；〃　and　Grant　in　his　official　report　compliments　the　troops　for　〃following　closely　the　retreating　enemy　without　further　orders。〃　　General　Thomas；　in　his　official　report；　after　narrating　the　events　of　the　23d　24th；　and　25th　of　November；　quietly　says：　　〃It　will　be　seen　by　the　above　report　that　the　original　plan　of　operations　was　somewhat　modified　to　meet　and　take　the　best　advantage　of　emergencies　which　necessitated　material　modifications　of　that　plan。　　It　is　believed；　however；　that　the　original　plan　had　it　been　carried　out　could　not　possibly　have　led　to　more　successful　results。〃





Appendix　A。




Organization　of　the　Fourteenth　Army　Corps；　Dept。　of　the　Cumberland。

Major…General　W。　S。　Rosecrans；　Commanding。

December　20；　1862。

CENTRE。

Major…General　Geo。　H。　Thomas。


First　Division。

Brigadier…General　S。　S。　Fry。

FIRST　BRIGADE。Col。　M。　B。　Walker；　82d　Ind。；　12th　Ky。；　17th　O。；　31st　O。；　38th　O。　　SECOND　BRIGADE。Col。　J。　M。　Harlan；　10th　Ind。；　74th　Ind。；　4th　Ky。；　10th　Ky。；　14th　O。　　THIRD　BRIGADE。Brig。…General　J。　B。　Steedman；　87th　Ind。；　2d　Minn。；　9th　O。；　35th　O。；　18th　U。S。　ARTILLERY。4th　Mich。　Battery；　1st　O。　Battery　〃C。；〃　4th　U。S。　Battery　〃L〃

Third　Division。

Brigadier…General　L。　H。　Rousseau。

NINTH　BRIGADE。Col。　B。　F。　Scribner；　38th　Ind。；　2d　O。；　33d　O。；　94th　O。；　10th　Wis。　　SEVENTEENTH　BRIGADE。Col。　J。　G。　Jones；　42d　Ind。；　88th　Ind。；　15th　Ky。；　3d　O。；　10th　O。　　TWENTY…EIGHTH　BRIGADE。Col。　H。　A。　Hambright；　24th　Ill。；　79th　Penn。；　1st　Wis。；　21st　Wis。　ARTILLERY。4th　Ind。　Battery；　5th　Ind。　Battery；　1st　Ky。；　1st　Mich。　Battery　〃A。〃　　CAVALRY。2d　Ky。　（Battalion）；　11th　Ky。　（Detachment）；　4th　Ind。　（Detachment）。

Eighth　Division。

Brigadier…General　J。　S。　Negley。

SEVENTH　BRIGADE。Col。　John　F。　Miller；　37th　Ind。；　78th　Penn。；　21st　O。；　74th　O。；　Independent　Battalion；　Capt。　Casey。　　TWENTY…NINTH　BRIGADE。Col。　T。　R。　Stanley；　19th　Ill。；　11th　Mich。；　18th　O。；　69th　O。　　ARTILLERY。1st　Ky。　Battery　〃B。；〃　1st　O。　Battery　〃G。；〃　1st　O。　Battery　〃M。〃　　CAVALRY。7th　Penn。；　1st　Tenn。

Seventh　Division。

Brigadier…General　J。　M。　Palmer。

FIRST　BRIGADE。Col。　G。　W。　Roberts；　22d　Ill。；　27th　Ill。；　42d　Ill。；　51st　Ill。　　SECOND　BRIGADE。Brig。…General　J。　D。　Morgan；　10th　Ill。；　16th　Ill。；　60th　Ill。；　10th　Mich。；　14th　Mich。　　ARTILLERY。1st　Ill。　Battery　〃C。；〃　10th　Wis。　Battery。　　CAVALRY。7th　Ill。　Co。　〃C。〃

Twelfth　Division。

Brigadier…General　E。　Dumont。

FORTIETH　BRIGADE。Col。　A。　O。　Miller；　98th　Ill。；　72d　Ind。；　75th　Ind。　　…　BRIGADE。Gen。　W。　T。　Ward；　102d　Ill。；　105th　Ill。；　70th　Ind。；　79th　O。　　ARTILLERY。18th　Ind。　Battery。　　CAVALRY。4th　Ind。　（Detachment）；　7th　Ky。；　11　Ky。　（Detachment）。


RIGHT　WING。

Major…General　A。　McD。　McCook。


Second　Division。

Brigadier…General　J。　W。　Sill。

FOURTH　BRIGADE。Col。　Buckley；　6th　Ind。；　5th　Ky。；　1st　O。；　93d　O。；　18th　U。S。；　19th　U。S。　　FIFTH　BRIGADE。Col。　E。　N。　Kirk；　34th　Ill。；　79th　Ill。；　29th　Ind。；　30th　Ind。；　77th　Penn。　　SIXTH　BRIGADE。Brig。…General　Willich；　89th　Ill。；　32d　Ind。；　39th　Ind。；　15th　O。；　49th　O。　ARTILLERY。1st　O。　Battery　〃A。；〃　1st　O。　Battery　〃E。；〃　5th　U。S。　Battery　〃L。〃　　CAVALRY。2d　Ky。　（2　Cos）。

Ninth　Division。

Brigadier…General　J。　C。　Davis。

THIRTIETH　BRIGADE。*59th　Ill。；　74th　Ill。；　75th　Ill。；　22nd　Ind。　THIRTY…FIRST　BRIGADE。*21st　Ill。；　38th　Ill。；　101st　O。；　15th　Wis。　THIRTY…SECOND　BRIGADE。*25th　Ill。；　35th　Ill。；　81st　Ind。；　8th　Kan。　ARTILLERY。2d　Minn。　Battery；　5th　Wis。　Battery；　8th　Wis。　Battery。