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abolition

of bourgeois individuality; bourgeois independence; and bourgeois

freedom is undoubtedly aimed at。



By freedom is meant; under the present bourgeois conditions of

production; free trade; free selling and buying。

But if selling and buying disappears; free selling and buying

disappears also。  This talk about free selling and buying; and

all the other 〃brave words〃 of our bourgeoisie about freedom in

general; have a meaning; if any; only in contrast with restricted

selling and buying; with the fettered traders of the Middle Ages;

but have no meaning when opposed to the Communistic abolition of

buying and selling; of the bourgeois conditions of production;

and of the bourgeoisie itself。



You are horrified at our intending to do away with private

property。  But in your existing society; private property is

already done away with for nine…tenths of the population; its

existence for the few is solely due to its non…existence in the

hands of those nine…tenths。  You reproach us; therefore; with

intending to do away with a form of property; the necessary

condition for whose existence is the non…existence of any

property for the immense majority of society。



In one word; you reproach us with intending to do away with your

property。  Precisely so; that is just what we intend。



From the moment when labour can no longer be converted into

capital; money; or rent; into a social power capable of being

monopolised; i。e。; from the moment when individual property can

no longer be transformed into bourgeois property; into capital;

from that moment; you say individuality vanishes。



You must; therefore; confess that by 〃individual〃 you mean no

other person than the bourgeois; than the middle…class owner of

property。  This person must; indeed; be swept out of the way; and

made impossible。



Communism deprives no man of the power to appropriate the

products

of society; all that it does is to deprive him of the power to

subjugate the labour of others by means of such appropriation。



It has been objected that upon the abolition of private property

all work will cease; and universal laziness will overtake us。



According to this; bourgeois society ought long ago to have gone

to the dogs through sheer idleness; for those of its members who

work; acquire nothing; and those who acquire anything; do not

work。

The whole of this objection is but another expression of the

tautology:

that there can no longer be any wage…labour when there is no

longer

any capital。



All objections urged against the Communistic mode of producing

and appropriating material products; have; in the same way; been

urged against the Communistic modes of producing and

appropriating intellectual products。  Just as; to the bourgeois;

the disappearance of class property is the disappearance of

production itself; so the disappearance of class culture is to

him identical with the disappearance of all culture。



That culture; the loss of which he laments; is; for the enormous

majority; a mere training to act as a machine。



But don't wrangle with us so long as you apply; to our intended

abolition of bourgeois property; the standard of your bourgeois

notions of freedom; culture; law; etc。  Your very ideas are but

the outgrowth of the conditions of your bourgeois production and

bourgeois property; just as your jurisprudence is but the will of

your class made into a law for all; a will; whose essential

character and direction are determined by the economical

conditions of existence of your class。



The selfish misconception that induces you to transform into

eternal laws of nature and of reason; the social forms springing

from your present mode of production and form of

property…historical relations that rise and disappear in the

progress of production  this misconception you share with every

ruling class that has preceded you。  What you see clearly in the

case of ancient property; what you admit in the case of feudal

property; you are of course forbidden to admit in the case of

your own bourgeois form of property。



Abolition of the family!  Even the most radical flare up at this

infamous proposal of the Communists。



On what foundation is the present family; the bourgeois family;

based?  On capital; on private gain。  In its completely developed

form this family exists only among the bourgeoisie。  But this

state of things finds its complement in the practical absence of

the family among the proletarians; and in public prostitution。



The bourgeois family will vanish as a matter of course when its

complement vanishes; and both will vanish with the vanishing of

capital。



Do you charge us with wanting to stop the exploitation of

children by their parents?  To this crime we plead guilty。



But; you will say; we destroy the most hallowed of relations;

when we replace home education by social。



And your education!  Is not that also social; and determined by

the social conditions under which you educate; by the

intervention; direct or indirect; of society; by means of

schools; etc。?   The Communists have not invented the

intervention of society in education; they do but seek to alter

the character of that intervention; and to rescue education from

the influence of the ruling class。



The bourgeois clap…trap about the family and education; about

the hallowed co…relation of parent and child; becomes all the

more disgusting; the more; by the action of Modern Industry; all

family ties among the proletarians are torn asunder; and their

children transformed into simple articles of commerce and

instruments of labour。



But you Communists would introduce community of women; screams

the whole bourgeoisie in chorus。



The bourgeois sees in his wife a mere instrument of production。

He hears that the instruments of production are to be exploited

in

common; and; naturally; can come to no other conclusion than that

the lot of being common to all will likewise fall to the women。



He has not even a suspicion that the real point is to do away

with the status of women as mere instruments of production。



For the rest; nothing is more ridiculous than the

virtuous indignation of our bourgeois at the community of women

which; they pretend; is to be openly and officially established

by the Communists。  The Communists have no need to introduce

community of women; it has existed almost from time immemorial。



Our bourgeois; not content with having the wives and daughters of

their

proletarians at their disposal; not to speak of common

prostitutes;

take the greatest pleasure in seducing each other's wives。



Bourgeois marriage is in reality a system of wives in common and

thus;

at the most; what the Communists might possibly be reproached

with;

is that they desire to introduce; in substitution for a

hypocritically

concealed; an openly legalised community of women。  For the rest;

it is self…evident that the abolition of the present system of

production must bring with it the abolition of the community

of women springing from that system; i。e。; of prostitution

both public and private。



The Communists are further reproached with desiring to abolish

countries and nationality。



The working men have no country。  We cannot take from them what

they have not got。  Since the proletariat must first of all

acquire political supremacy; must rise to be the leading class of

the nation; must constitute itself the nation; it is; so far;

itself national; though not in the bourgeois sense of the word。



National differences and antagonisms between peoples are daily

more and more vanishing; owing to the development of the

bourgeoisie; to freedom of commerce; to the world…market; to

uniformity in the mode of production and in the conditions of

life corresponding thereto。



The supremacy of the proletariat will cause them to vanish still

faster。

United action; of the leading civilised countries at least; is

one of

the first conditions for the emancipation of the proletariat。



In proportion as the exploitation of one individual by another

is put an end to; the exploitation of one nation by another will

also be put an end to。  In proportion as the antagonism between

classes within the nation vanishes; the hostility of one nation

to another will come to an end。



The charges against Communism made from a religious; a

philosophical; and; generally; from an ideological standpoint;

are not deserving of serious examination。



Does it require deep intuition to comprehend that man's ideas;

views and conceptions; in one word; man's consciousness; changes

with every change in the conditions of his material existence; in

his social relations and in his social life?



What else does the history of ideas prove; than that intellectual

production changes its character in proportion as material

production

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