on regimen in acute diseases-第4节

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dangerous　deliquia；　tossing　of　the　bed…clothes　from　the　breast；　the
hands　trembling；　and　sometimes　the　lower　lip　agitated。　These　symptoms；
appearing　at　the　commencement；　are　indicative　of　strong　delirium；
and　patients　so　affected　generally　die；　or　if　they　escape；　it　is
with　a　deposit；　hemorrhage　from　the　nose；　or　the　expectoration　of
thick　matter；　and　not　otherwise。　Neither　do　I　perceive　that　physicians
are　skilled　in　such　things　as　these；　how　they　ought　to　know　such
diseases　as　are　connected　with　debility；　and　which　are　further
weakened　by　abstinence　from　food；　and　those　aggravated　by　some　other
irritation；　those　by　pain；　and　from　the　acute　nature　of　the　disease；
and　what　affections　and　various　forms　thereof　our　constitution　and
habit　engender；　although　the　knowledge　or　ignorance　of　such　things
brings　safety　or　death　to　the　patient。　For　it　is　a　great　mischief　if
to　a　patient　debilitated　by　pain；　and　the　acute　nature　of　the　disease；
one　administer　drink；　or　more　ptisan；　or　food；　supposing　that　the
debility　proceeds　from　inanition。　It　is　also　disgraceful　not　to
recognize　a　patient　whose　debility　is　connected　with　inanition；　and　to
pinch　him　in　his　diet；　this　mistake；　indeed；　is　attended　with　some
danger；　but　much　less　than　the　other；　and　yet　it　is　likely　to　expose
one　to　much　greater　derision；　for　if　another　physician；　or　a　private
person；　coming　in　and　knowing　what　has　happened；　should　give　to　eat　or
drink　those　things　which　the　other　had　forbidden；　the　benefit　thus
done　to　the　patient　would　be　manifest。　Such　mistakes　of
practitioners　are　particularly　ridiculed　by　mankind；　for　the　physician
or　nonprofessional　man　thus　coming　in；　seems　as　it　were　to　resuscitate
the　dead。　On　this　subject　I　will　describe　elsewhere　the　symptoms　by
which　each　of　them　may　be　recognized。
　　12。　And　the　following　observations　are　similar　to　those　now　made
respecting　the　bowels。　If　the　whole　body　rest　long；　contrary　to　usage；
it　does　not　immediately　recover　its　strength；　but　if；　after　a
protracted　repose；　it　proceed　to　labor；　it　will　clearly　expose　its
weakness。　So　it　is　with　every　one　part　of　the　body；　for　the　feet
will　make　a　similar　display；　and　any　other　of　the　joints；　if；　being
unaccustomed　to　labor；　they　be　suddenly　brought　into　action；　after　a
time。　The　teeth　and　the　eyes　will　suffer　in　like　manner；　and　also
every　other　part　whatever。　A　couch；　also；　that　is　either　softer　or
harder　than　one　has　been　accustomed　to　will　create　uneasiness；　and
sleeping　in　the　open　air；　contrary　to　usage；　hardens　the　body。　But
it　is　sufficient　merely　to　state　examples　of　all　these　cases。　If　a
person　having　received　a　wound　in　the　leg；　neither　very　serious　nor
very　trifling；　and　he　being　neither　in　a　condition　very　favorable　to
its　healing　nor　the　contrary；　at　first　betakes　himself　to　bed；　in
order　to　promote　the　cure；　and　never　raises　his　leg；　it　will　thus　be
much　less　disposed　to　inflammation；　and　be　much　sooner　well；　than　it
would　have　been　if　he　had　strolled　about　during　the　process　of
healing；　but　if　upon　the　fifth　or　sixth　day；　or　even　earlier；　he
should　get　up　and　attempt　to　walk；　he　will　suffer　much　more　then
than　if　he　had　walked　about　from　the　commencement　of　the　cure；　and
if　he　should　suddenly　make　many　laborious　exertions；　he　will　suffer
much　more　than　if；　when　the　treatment　was　conducted　otherwise；　he
had　made　the　same　exertions　on　the　same　days。　In　fine；　all　these
things　concur　in　proving　that　all　great　changes；　either　one　way　or
another；　are　hurtful。　Wherefore　much　mischief　takes　place　in　the
bowels；　if　from　a　state　of　great　inanition　more　food　than　is
moderate　be　administered　（and　also　in　the　rest　of　the　body；　if　from
a　state　of　great　rest　it　be　hastily　brought　to　greater　exertion；　it
will　be　much　more　injured）；　or　if　from　the　use　of　much　food　it　be
changed　to　complete　abstinence；　and　therefore　the　body　in　such　cases
requires　protracted　repose；　and　if；　from　a　state　of　laborious
exertion；　the　body　suddenly　falls　into　a　state　of　ease　and
indolence；　in　these　cases　also　the　bowels　would　require　continued
repose　from　abundance　of　food；　for　otherwise　it　will　induce　pain　and
heaviness　in　the　whole　body。
　　13。　The　greater　part　of　my　discourse　has　related　to　changes；　this
way　or　that。　For　all　purposes　it　is　profitable　to　know　these　things；
and　more　especially　respecting　the　subject　under　consideration；…
that　in　acute　diseases；　in　which　a　change　is　made　to　ptisans　from　a
state　of　inanition；　it　should　be　made　as　I　direct；　and　then　that
ptisans　should　not　be　used　until　the　disease　be　concocted；　or　some
other　symptom；　whether　of　evacuation　or　of　irritation；　appear　in　the
intestines；　or　in　the　hypochondria；　such　as　will　be　described。
Obstinate　insomnolency　impairs　the　digestion　of　the　food　and　drink；
and　in　other　respects　changes　and　relaxes　the　body；　and　occasions　a
heated　state；　and　heaviness　of　the　head。
　　14。　One　must　determine　by　such　marks　as　these；　when　sweet；　strong；
and　dark　wine；　hydromel；　water　and　oxymel；　should　be　given　in　acute
diseases。　Wherefore　the　sweet　affects　the　head　less　than　the　strong；
attacks　the　brain　less；　evacuates　the　bowels　more　than　the　other；
but　induces　swelling　of　the　spleen　and　liver；　it　does　not　agree　with
bilious　persons；　for　it　causes　them　to　thirst；　it　creates　flatulence
in　the　upper　part　of　the　intestinal　canal；　but　does　not　disagree
with　the　lower　part；　as　far　as　regards　flatulence；　and　yet
flatulence　engendered　by　sweet　wine　is　not　of　a　transient　nature；
but　rests　for　a　long　time　in　the　hypochondria。　And　therefore　it　in
general　is　less　diuretic　than　wine　which　is　strong　and　thin；　but　sweet
wine　is　more　expectorant　than　the　other。　But　when　it　creates　thirst；
it　is　less　expectorant　in　such　cases　than　the　other　wine；　but　if　it　do
not　create　thirst；　it　promotes　expectoration　better　than　the　other。
The　good　and　bad　effects　of　a　white；　strong　wine；　have　been　already
frequently　and　fully　stated　in　the　disquisition　on　sweet　wine；　it　is
determined　to　the　bladder　more　than　the　other；　is　diuretic　and
laxative；　and　should　be　very　useful　in　such　complaints；　for　if　in
other　respects　it　be　less　suitable　than　the　other；　the　clearing　out　of
the　bladder　effected　by　it　is　beneficial　to　the　patient；　if　properly
administered。　There　are　excellent　examples　of　the　beneficial　and
injurious　effects　of　wine；　all　which　were　left　undetermined　by　my
predecessors。　In　these　diseases　you　may　use　a　yellow　wine；　and　a
dark　austere　wine　for　the　following　purposes：　if　there　be　no　heaviness
of　the　head；　nor　delirium；　nor　stoppage　of　the　expectoration；　nor
retention　of　the　urine；　and　if　the　alvine　discharges　be　more　loose　and
like　scrapings　than　usual；　in　such　cases　a　change　from　a　white　wine　to
such　as　I　have　mentioned；　might　be　very　proper。　It　deserves　further　to
be　known；　that　it　will　prove　less　injurious　to　all　the　parts　above；
and　to　the　bladder；　if　it　be　of　a　more　watery　nature；　but　that　the
stronger　it　is；　it　will　be　the　more　beneficial　to　the　bowels。
　　15。　Hydromel；　when　drunk　in　any　stage　of　acute　disease；　is　less
suitable　to　persons　of　a　bilious　temperament；　and　to　those　who　have
enlarged　viscera；　than　to　those　of　a　different　character；　it　increases
thirst　less　than　sweet　wine；　character；the　lungs；　is　moderately
expectorant；　and　alleviates　a　cough；　for　it　has　some　detergent　quality
in　it；　whence　it　lubricates　the　sputum。　Hydromel　is　also　moderately
diuretic；　unless　prevented　by　the　state　of　any　of　the　viscera。　And
it　also　occasions　bilious　discharges　downwards；　sometimes　of　a
proper　character；　and　sometimes　more　intense　and　frothy　than　is
suitable；　but　such　rather　occurs　in　persons　who　are　bilious；　and
have　enlarged　viscera。　Hydromel　rather　produces　expectoration；　and
softening　of　the　lungs；　when　given　diluted　with　water。　But　unmixed
hydromel；　rather　than　the　diluted；　produces　frothy　evacuations；　such
as　are　unseasonably　and　intensely　bilious；　and　too　hot；　but　such　an
evacuation　occasions　other　great　mischiefs；　for　it　neither
extinguishes　the　heat　in　the　hypochondria；　but　rouses　it；　induces
inquietude；　and　jactitation　of　the　limbs；　and　ulcerates　the　intestines
and　anus。　The　remedies　for　all　these　will　be　described　afterwards。
By　using　hydromel　without　ptisans；　instead　of　any　other　drink；　you
will　generally　succeed　in　the　treatment　of　such　diseases；　and　fall
in　few　cases；　but　in　what　instances　it　is　to　be　given；　and　in　what
it　is　not　to　be　given；　and　wherefore　it　is　not　to　be　given；…　all
this　has　been　explained　already；　for　the　most　part。　Hydromel　is
generally　condemned；　as　if　it　weakened　the　powers　of　those　who　drink
it；　and　on　that　account　it　is　supposed　to　accelerate　death；　and　this
opinion　arose　from　persons　who　starve　themselves　to　death；　some　of
whom　use　hydromel　alone　for　drink；　as　fancying　that　it　really　has　this
effect。　But　this　is　by　no　means　always　the　case。　For　hydromel；　if
drunk　alone；　is　much　stronger　than　water；　if　it　do　not　disorder　the
bowels；　but　in　some　respects　it　is　stronger；　and　in　some　weaker；
than　wine　that　is　thin；　weak；　and　devoid　of　bouquet。　There　is　a
great　difference　between　unmixed　wine　and　unmixed　honey；　as　to　their
nutritive　powers；　for　if　a　man　will　drink　double　the　quantity　of
pure　wine；　to　a　certa