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who does not fulfil sicАthe conditions which our ideas attach 

to the word ;person察─is ipso facto atheistic察as 

rendering the word God without meaning察and therefore without 

reality察and therefore non´existent to us。  Our ideas are like 

our organism察they will stand a vast amount of modification if it 

is effected slowly and without shock察but the life departs out of 

them察leaving the form of an idea without the power thereof察if 

they are jarred too rudely。



Any being察then察whom we can imagine as God察must have all the 

qualities察capabilities察and also all the limitations which are 

implied when the word ;person; is used。



But察again察we cannot conceive of ;everything; as a person。  

;Everything; must comprehend all that is to be found on earth察or 

outside of it察and we know of no such persons as this。  When we 

say ;persons; we intend living people with flesh and blood察

sometimes we extend our conceptions to animals and plants察but we 

have not hitherto done so as generally as I hope we shall some 

day come to do。  Below animals and plants we have never in any 

seriousness gone。  All that we have been able to regard as 

personal has had what we can call a living body察even though that 

body is vegetable only察and this body has been tangible察and has 

been comprised within certain definite limits察or within limits 

which have at any rate struck the eye as definite。  And every part 

within these limits has been animated by an unseen something 

which we call soul or spirit。  A person must be a persona´

that is to say察the living mask and mouthpiece of an energy 

saturating it察and speaking through it。  It must be animate in all 

its parts。



But ;everything; is not animate。  Animals and plants alone produce 

in us those ideas which can make reasonable people call them 

;persons; with consistency of intention。  We can conceive of each 

animal and of each plant as a person察we can conceive again of a 

compound person like the coral polypes sicВ察or like a tree 

which is composed of a congeries of subordinate persons察

inasmuch as each bud is a separate and individual plant。  We can 

go farther than this察and察as I shall hope to show察we ought to 

do so察that is to say察we shall find it easier and more agreeable 

with our other ideas to go farther than not察for we should see 

all animal and vegetable life as united by a subtle and till 

lately invisible ramification察so that all living things are one 

tree´like growth察forming a single person。  But we cannot conceive 

of oceans察continents察and air as forming parts of a person at 

all察much less can we think of them as forming one person with 

the living forms that inhabit them。



To ask this of us is like asking us to see the bowl and the water 

in which three gold´fish are swimming as part of the gold´fish。  

We cannot do it any more than we can do something physically 

impossible。  We can see the gold´fish as forming one family察and 

therefore as in a way united to the personality of the parents 

from which they sprang察and therefore as members one of another察

and therefore as forming a single growth of gold´fish察as boughs 

and buds unite to form a tree察but we cannot by any effort of the 

imagination introduce the bowl and the water into the 

personality察for we have never been accustomed to think of such 

things as living and personal。  Those察therefore察who tell us that 

;God is everything察and everything is God察─require us to see 

;everything; as a person察which we cannot察or God as not a 

person察which again we cannot。



Continuing the article of Mr。  Blunt from which I have already 

quoted察I read 此



;Linus察in a passage which has been preserved by Stobaeus察

exactly expresses the notion afterwards adopted by Spinoza此'One 

sole energy governs all things察all things are unity察and each 

portion is All察for of one integer all things were born察in the 

end of time all things shall again become unity察the unity of 

multiplicity。'  Orpheus察his disciple察taught no other doctrine。;



According to Pythagoras察 an adept in the Orphic philosophy察─

;the soul of the world is the Divine energy which interpenetrates 

every portion of the mass察and the soul of man is an efflux of 

that energy。  The world察too察is an exact impress of the Eternal 

Idea察which is the mind of God。;  John Scotus Erigena taught that 

;all is God and God is all。;  William of Champeaux察again察two 

hundred years later察maintained that ;all individuality is one in 

substance察and varies only in its non´essential accidents and 

transient properties。; Amalric of Bena and David of Dinant 

followed the theory out ;into a thoroughgoing Pantheism。;  

Amalric held that ;All is God and God is all。  The Creator and the 

creature are one Being。  Ideas are at once creative and created察

subjective and objective。  God is the end of all察and all return 

to Him。  As every variety of humanity forms one manhood察so the 

world contains individual forms of one eternal essence。;  David 

of Dinant only varied upon this by ;imagining a corporeal unity。  

Although body察soul察and eternal substance are three察these three 

are one and the same being。;



Giordano Bruno maintained the world of sense to be ;a vast animal 

having the Deity for its living。  soul。; The inanimate part of the 

world is thus excluded from participation in the Deity察and a 

conception that our minds can embrace is offered us instead of 

one which they cannot entertain察except as in a dream察

incoherently。  But without such a view of evolution as was 

prevalent at the beginning of this century察it was impossible to 

see ;the world of sense; intelligently察as forming ;a vast 

animal。;  Unless察therefore察Giordano Bruno held the opinions of 

Buffon察Dr。  Erasmus Darwin察and Lamarck察with more definiteness 

than I am yet aware of his having done察his contention must be 

considered as a splendid prophecy察but as little more than a 

prophecy。  He continues察 Birth is expansion from the one centre 

of Life察life is its continuance察and death is the necessary 

return of the ray to the centre of light。; This begins finely察

but ends mystically。  I have not察however察compared the English 

translation with the original察and must reserve a fuller 

examination of Giordano Bruno's teaching for another opportunity。



Spinoza disbelieved in the world rather than in God。  He was an 

Acosmist察to use Jacobi's expression察rather than an Atheist。  

According to him察 the Deity and the Universe are but one 

substance察at the same time both spirit and matter察thought and 

extension察which are the only known attributes of the Deity。;



My readers will察I think察agree with me that there is very little 

of the above which conveys ideas with the fluency and comfort 

which accompany good words。  Words are like servants此it is not 

enough that we should have them´we must have the most able and 

willing that we can find察and at the smallest wages that will 

content them。  Having got them we must make the best and not the 

worst of them。  Surely察in the greater part of what has been 

quoted above察the words are barren letters only此they do not 

quicken within us and enable us to conceive a thought察such as we 

can in our turn impress upon dead matter察and mould sicАthat 

matter into another shape than its own察through the thought which 

has become alive within us。  No offspring of ideas has followed 

upon them察or察if any at all察yet in such unwonted shape察and 

with such want of alacrity察that we loathe them as malformations 

and miscarriages of our minds。  Granted that if we examine them 

closely we shall at length find them to embody a little germ of 

truth´that is to say察of coherency with our other ideas察but 

there is too little truth in proportion to the trouble necessary 

to get at it。  We can get more truth察that is to say察more 

coherency´for truth and coherency are one´for less trouble in 

other ways。



But it may be urged that the beginnings of all tasks are 

difficult and unremunerative察and that later developments of 

Pantheism may be more intelligible than the earlier ones。  

Unfortunately察this is not the case。  On continuing Mr。  Blunt's 

article察I find the later Pantheists a hundredfold more 

perplexing than the earlier ones。  With Kant察Schelling察Fichte察

and Hegel察we feel that we are with men who have been decoyed 

into a hopeless quagmire察we understand nothing of their 

language´we doubt whether they understand themselves察and feel 

that we can do nothing with them but look at them and pass them 

by。



In my next chapter I propose to show the end which the early 

Pantheists were striving after察and the reason and naturalness of 

their error。





                           CHAPTER IV



                          PANTHEISM。  II



The earlier Pantheists were misled by the endeavour sicАto lay 

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