god the known and god the unknown-及3准
梓囚徒貧圭鮗 ○ 賜 ★ 辛酔堀貧和鍬匈梓囚徒貧議 Enter 囚辛指欺云慕朕村匈梓囚徒貧圭鮗 ● 辛指欺云匈競何
!!!!隆堋響頼紗秘慕禰厮宴和肝写偬堋響
who does not fulfil sicАthe conditions which our ideas attach
to the word ;person察─is ipso facto atheistic察as
rendering the word God without meaning察and therefore without
reality察and therefore non´existent to us。 Our ideas are like
our organism察they will stand a vast amount of modification if it
is effected slowly and without shock察but the life departs out of
them察leaving the form of an idea without the power thereof察if
they are jarred too rudely。
Any being察then察whom we can imagine as God察must have all the
qualities察capabilities察and also all the limitations which are
implied when the word ;person; is used。
But察again察we cannot conceive of ;everything; as a person。
;Everything; must comprehend all that is to be found on earth察or
outside of it察and we know of no such persons as this。 When we
say ;persons; we intend living people with flesh and blood察
sometimes we extend our conceptions to animals and plants察but we
have not hitherto done so as generally as I hope we shall some
day come to do。 Below animals and plants we have never in any
seriousness gone。 All that we have been able to regard as
personal has had what we can call a living body察even though that
body is vegetable only察and this body has been tangible察and has
been comprised within certain definite limits察or within limits
which have at any rate struck the eye as definite。 And every part
within these limits has been animated by an unseen something
which we call soul or spirit。 A person must be a persona´
that is to say察the living mask and mouthpiece of an energy
saturating it察and speaking through it。 It must be animate in all
its parts。
But ;everything; is not animate。 Animals and plants alone produce
in us those ideas which can make reasonable people call them
;persons; with consistency of intention。 We can conceive of each
animal and of each plant as a person察we can conceive again of a
compound person like the coral polypes sicВ察or like a tree
which is composed of a congeries of subordinate persons察
inasmuch as each bud is a separate and individual plant。 We can
go farther than this察and察as I shall hope to show察we ought to
do so察that is to say察we shall find it easier and more agreeable
with our other ideas to go farther than not察for we should see
all animal and vegetable life as united by a subtle and till
lately invisible ramification察so that all living things are one
tree´like growth察forming a single person。 But we cannot conceive
of oceans察continents察and air as forming parts of a person at
all察much less can we think of them as forming one person with
the living forms that inhabit them。
To ask this of us is like asking us to see the bowl and the water
in which three gold´fish are swimming as part of the gold´fish。
We cannot do it any more than we can do something physically
impossible。 We can see the gold´fish as forming one family察and
therefore as in a way united to the personality of the parents
from which they sprang察and therefore as members one of another察
and therefore as forming a single growth of gold´fish察as boughs
and buds unite to form a tree察but we cannot by any effort of the
imagination introduce the bowl and the water into the
personality察for we have never been accustomed to think of such
things as living and personal。 Those察therefore察who tell us that
;God is everything察and everything is God察─require us to see
;everything; as a person察which we cannot察or God as not a
person察which again we cannot。
Continuing the article of Mr。 Blunt from which I have already
quoted察I read 此
;Linus察in a passage which has been preserved by Stobaeus察
exactly expresses the notion afterwards adopted by Spinoza此'One
sole energy governs all things察all things are unity察and each
portion is All察for of one integer all things were born察in the
end of time all things shall again become unity察the unity of
multiplicity。' Orpheus察his disciple察taught no other doctrine。;
According to Pythagoras察 an adept in the Orphic philosophy察─
;the soul of the world is the Divine energy which interpenetrates
every portion of the mass察and the soul of man is an efflux of
that energy。 The world察too察is an exact impress of the Eternal
Idea察which is the mind of God。; John Scotus Erigena taught that
;all is God and God is all。; William of Champeaux察again察two
hundred years later察maintained that ;all individuality is one in
substance察and varies only in its non´essential accidents and
transient properties。; Amalric of Bena and David of Dinant
followed the theory out ;into a thoroughgoing Pantheism。;
Amalric held that ;All is God and God is all。 The Creator and the
creature are one Being。 Ideas are at once creative and created察
subjective and objective。 God is the end of all察and all return
to Him。 As every variety of humanity forms one manhood察so the
world contains individual forms of one eternal essence。; David
of Dinant only varied upon this by ;imagining a corporeal unity。
Although body察soul察and eternal substance are three察these three
are one and the same being。;
Giordano Bruno maintained the world of sense to be ;a vast animal
having the Deity for its living。 soul。; The inanimate part of the
world is thus excluded from participation in the Deity察and a
conception that our minds can embrace is offered us instead of
one which they cannot entertain察except as in a dream察
incoherently。 But without such a view of evolution as was
prevalent at the beginning of this century察it was impossible to
see ;the world of sense; intelligently察as forming ;a vast
animal。; Unless察therefore察Giordano Bruno held the opinions of
Buffon察Dr。 Erasmus Darwin察and Lamarck察with more definiteness
than I am yet aware of his having done察his contention must be
considered as a splendid prophecy察but as little more than a
prophecy。 He continues察 Birth is expansion from the one centre
of Life察life is its continuance察and death is the necessary
return of the ray to the centre of light。; This begins finely察
but ends mystically。 I have not察however察compared the English
translation with the original察and must reserve a fuller
examination of Giordano Bruno's teaching for another opportunity。
Spinoza disbelieved in the world rather than in God。 He was an
Acosmist察to use Jacobi's expression察rather than an Atheist。
According to him察 the Deity and the Universe are but one
substance察at the same time both spirit and matter察thought and
extension察which are the only known attributes of the Deity。;
My readers will察I think察agree with me that there is very little
of the above which conveys ideas with the fluency and comfort
which accompany good words。 Words are like servants此it is not
enough that we should have them´we must have the most able and
willing that we can find察and at the smallest wages that will
content them。 Having got them we must make the best and not the
worst of them。 Surely察in the greater part of what has been
quoted above察the words are barren letters only此they do not
quicken within us and enable us to conceive a thought察such as we
can in our turn impress upon dead matter察and mould sicАthat
matter into another shape than its own察through the thought which
has become alive within us。 No offspring of ideas has followed
upon them察or察if any at all察yet in such unwonted shape察and
with such want of alacrity察that we loathe them as malformations
and miscarriages of our minds。 Granted that if we examine them
closely we shall at length find them to embody a little germ of
truth´that is to say察of coherency with our other ideas察but
there is too little truth in proportion to the trouble necessary
to get at it。 We can get more truth察that is to say察more
coherency´for truth and coherency are one´for less trouble in
other ways。
But it may be urged that the beginnings of all tasks are
difficult and unremunerative察and that later developments of
Pantheism may be more intelligible than the earlier ones。
Unfortunately察this is not the case。 On continuing Mr。 Blunt's
article察I find the later Pantheists a hundredfold more
perplexing than the earlier ones。 With Kant察Schelling察Fichte察
and Hegel察we feel that we are with men who have been decoyed
into a hopeless quagmire察we understand nothing of their
language´we doubt whether they understand themselves察and feel
that we can do nothing with them but look at them and pass them
by。
In my next chapter I propose to show the end which the early
Pantheists were striving after察and the reason and naturalness of
their error。
CHAPTER IV
PANTHEISM。 II
The earlier Pantheists were misled by the endeavour sicАto lay
hol