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a sport is not the organic expression of discontent which has 

been long felt察but which has not been attended to察nor been met 

step by step by as much small remedial modification as was found 

practicable此so that when a change does come it comes by way of 

revolution。  Or察again only that it comes to much the same 

thing察a sport may be compared to one of those happy thoughts 

which sometimes come to us unbidden after we have been thinking 

for a long time what to do察or how to arrange our ideas察and have 

yet been unable to arrive at any conclusion。



So with politics察the smaller the matter the prompter察as a 

general rule察the settlement察on the other hand察the more 

sweeping the change that is felt to be necessary察the longer it 

will be deferred。



The advantages of dealing with the larger questions by more 

cataclysmic methods are obvious。  For察in the first place察all 

composite things must have a system察or arrangement of parts察so 

that some parts shall depend upon and be grouped round others察as 

in the articulation of a skeleton and the arrangement of muscles察

nerves察tendons察etc。察which are attached to it。  To meddle with 

the skeleton is like taking up the street察or the flooring of 

one's house察it so upsets our arrangements that we put it off 

till whatever else is found wanted察or whatever else seems likely 

to be wanted for a long time hence察can be done at the same time。  

Another advantage is in the rest which is given to the attention 

during the long hollows察so to speak察of the waves between the 

periods of resettlement。  Passion and prejudice have time to calm 

down察and when attention is next directed to the same question察

it is a refreshed and invigorated attention´an attention察

moreover察which may be given with the help of new lights derived 

from other quarters that were not luminous when the question was 

last considered。  Thirdly察it is more easy and safer to make such 

alterations as  experience has proved to be necessary than to 

forecast what is going to be wanted。  Reformers are like 

paymasters察of whom there are only two bad kinds察those who pay 

too soon察and those who do not pay at all。







                           CHAPTER II



                          COMMON GROUND



I HAVE now察perhaps察sufficiently proved my sympathy with the 

reluctance felt by many to tolerate discussion upon such a 

subject as the existence and nature of God。  I trust that I may 

have made the reader feel that he need fear no sarcasm or levity 

in my treatment of the subject which I have chosen。  I will察

therefore察proceed to sketch out a plan of what I hope to 

establish察and this in no doubtful or unnatural sense察but by 

attaching the same meanings to words as those which we usually 

attach to them察and with the same certainty察precision察and 

clearness as anything else is established which is commonly 

called known。



As to what God is察beyond the fact that he is the Spirit and the 

Life which creates察governs察and upholds all living things察I can 

say nothing。  I cannot pretend that I can show more than others 

have done in what Spirit and the Life consists察which governs 

living things and animates them。  I cannot show the connection 

between consciousness and the will察and the organ察much less can 

I tear away the veil from the face of God察so as to show wherein 

will and consciousness consist。  No philosopher察whether Christian 

or Rationalist察has attempted this without discomfiture察but I 

can察I hope察do two things此Firstly察I can demonstrate察perhaps 

more clearly than modern science is prepared to admit察that there 

does exist a single Being or Animator of all living things ´ a 

single Spirit察whom we cannot think of under any meaner name than 

God察and察secondly察I can show something more of the 

persona or bodily expression察mask察and mouthpiece of this 

vast Living Spirit than I know of as having been familiarly 

expressed elsewhere察or as being accessible to myself or others察

though doubtless many works exist in which what I am going to say 

has been already said。



Aware that much of this is widely accepted under the name of 

Pantheism察I venture to think it differs from Pantheism with all 

the difference that exists between a coherent察intelligible 

conception and an incoherent unintelligible one。  I shall 

therefore proceed to examine the doctrine called Pantheism察and 

to show how incomprehensible and valueless it is。



I will then indicate the Living and Personal God about whose 

existence and about many of whose attributes there is no room for 

question察I will show that man has been so far made in the 

likeness of this Person or God察that He possesses all its 

essential characteristics察and that it is this God who has called 

man and all other living forms察whether animals or plants察into 

existence察so that our bodies are the temples of His spirit察that 

it is this which sustains them in their life and growth察who is 

one with them察living察moving察and having His being in them察in 

whom察also察they live and move察they in Him and He in them察He 

being not a Trinity in Unity only察but an Infinity in Unity察and 

a Unity in an Infinity察eternal in time past察for so much time at 

least that our minds can come no nearer to eternity than this察

eternal for the future as long as the universe shall exist察ever 

changing察yet the same yesterday察and to´day察and for ever。  And I 

will show this with so little ambiguity that it shall be 

perceived not as a phantom or hallucination following upon a 

painful straining of the mind and a vain endeavour sicАto give 

coherency to incoherent and inconsistent ideas察but with the same 

ease察comfort察and palpable flesh´and´blood clearness with which 

we see those near to us 察whom察though we see them at the best as 

through a glass darkly察we still see face to face察even as we are 

ourselves seen。



I will also show in what way this Being exercises a moral 

government over the world察and rewards and punishes us according 

to His own laws。



Having done this I shall proceed to compare this conception of 

God with those that are currently accepted察and will endeavour 

sicАto show that the ideas now current are in truth efforts to 

grasp the one on which I shall here insist。  Finally察I shall 

persuade the reader that the differences between the so´called 

atheist and the so´called theist are differences rather about 

words than things察inasmuch as not even the most prosaic of 

modern scientists will be inclined to deny the existence of this 

God察while few theists will feel that this察the natural 

conception of God察is a less worthy one than that to which they 

have been accustomed。  





                           CHAPTER III



                           PANTHEISM。  I



THE Rev。  J。  H。  Blunt察in his ;Dictionary of Sects察Heresies察

etc。察─defines Pantheists as ;those who hold that God is 

everything察and everything is God。;



If it is granted that the value of words lies in the definiteness 

and coherency of the ideas that present themselves to us when the 

words are heard or spoken´then such a sentence as ;God is 

everything and everything is God; is worthless。



For we have so long associated the word ;God; with the idea of a 

Living Person察who can see察hear察will察feel pleasure察

displeasure察etc。察that we cannot think of God察and also of 

something which we have not been accustomed to think of as a 

Living Person察at one and the same time察so as to connect the two 

ideas and fuse them into a coherent thought。  While we are 

thinking of the one察our minds involuntarily exclude the other察

and vice versa察so that it is as impossible for us to 

think of anything as God察or as forming part of God察which we 

cannot also think of as a Person察or as a part of a Person察as it 

is to produce a hybrid between two widely distinct animals。  If I 

am not mistaken察the barrenness of inconsistent ideas察and the 

sterility of widely distant species or genera of plants and 

animals察are one in principle´sterility of hybrids being due to 

barrenness of ideas察and barrenness of ideas arising from 

inability to fuse unfamiliar thoughts into a coherent conception。  

I have insisted on this at some length in ;Life and Habit察─but 

can do so no further here。  Footnote此Butler returned to this 

subject in ;Luck察or cunning拭─which was originally published in 

1887。



In like manner we have so long associated the word ;Person; with 

the idea of a substantial visible body察limited in extent察and 

animated by an invisible something which we call Spirit察that we 

can think of nothing as a person which does not also bring these 

ideas before us。  Any attempt to make us imagine God as a Person 

who does not fulfil sicАthe conditions which our ideas attach 

to the word ;person察─is ipso facto atheistic察as 

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