god the known and god the unknown-及2准
梓囚徒貧圭鮗 ○ 賜 ★ 辛酔堀貧和鍬匈梓囚徒貧議 Enter 囚辛指欺云慕朕村匈梓囚徒貧圭鮗 ● 辛指欺云匈競何
!!!!隆堋響頼紗秘慕禰厮宴和肝写偬堋響
a sport is not the organic expression of discontent which has
been long felt察but which has not been attended to察nor been met
step by step by as much small remedial modification as was found
practicable此so that when a change does come it comes by way of
revolution。 Or察again only that it comes to much the same
thing察a sport may be compared to one of those happy thoughts
which sometimes come to us unbidden after we have been thinking
for a long time what to do察or how to arrange our ideas察and have
yet been unable to arrive at any conclusion。
So with politics察the smaller the matter the prompter察as a
general rule察the settlement察on the other hand察the more
sweeping the change that is felt to be necessary察the longer it
will be deferred。
The advantages of dealing with the larger questions by more
cataclysmic methods are obvious。 For察in the first place察all
composite things must have a system察or arrangement of parts察so
that some parts shall depend upon and be grouped round others察as
in the articulation of a skeleton and the arrangement of muscles察
nerves察tendons察etc。察which are attached to it。 To meddle with
the skeleton is like taking up the street察or the flooring of
one's house察it so upsets our arrangements that we put it off
till whatever else is found wanted察or whatever else seems likely
to be wanted for a long time hence察can be done at the same time。
Another advantage is in the rest which is given to the attention
during the long hollows察so to speak察of the waves between the
periods of resettlement。 Passion and prejudice have time to calm
down察and when attention is next directed to the same question察
it is a refreshed and invigorated attention´an attention察
moreover察which may be given with the help of new lights derived
from other quarters that were not luminous when the question was
last considered。 Thirdly察it is more easy and safer to make such
alterations as experience has proved to be necessary than to
forecast what is going to be wanted。 Reformers are like
paymasters察of whom there are only two bad kinds察those who pay
too soon察and those who do not pay at all。
CHAPTER II
COMMON GROUND
I HAVE now察perhaps察sufficiently proved my sympathy with the
reluctance felt by many to tolerate discussion upon such a
subject as the existence and nature of God。 I trust that I may
have made the reader feel that he need fear no sarcasm or levity
in my treatment of the subject which I have chosen。 I will察
therefore察proceed to sketch out a plan of what I hope to
establish察and this in no doubtful or unnatural sense察but by
attaching the same meanings to words as those which we usually
attach to them察and with the same certainty察precision察and
clearness as anything else is established which is commonly
called known。
As to what God is察beyond the fact that he is the Spirit and the
Life which creates察governs察and upholds all living things察I can
say nothing。 I cannot pretend that I can show more than others
have done in what Spirit and the Life consists察which governs
living things and animates them。 I cannot show the connection
between consciousness and the will察and the organ察much less can
I tear away the veil from the face of God察so as to show wherein
will and consciousness consist。 No philosopher察whether Christian
or Rationalist察has attempted this without discomfiture察but I
can察I hope察do two things此Firstly察I can demonstrate察perhaps
more clearly than modern science is prepared to admit察that there
does exist a single Being or Animator of all living things ´ a
single Spirit察whom we cannot think of under any meaner name than
God察and察secondly察I can show something more of the
persona or bodily expression察mask察and mouthpiece of this
vast Living Spirit than I know of as having been familiarly
expressed elsewhere察or as being accessible to myself or others察
though doubtless many works exist in which what I am going to say
has been already said。
Aware that much of this is widely accepted under the name of
Pantheism察I venture to think it differs from Pantheism with all
the difference that exists between a coherent察intelligible
conception and an incoherent unintelligible one。 I shall
therefore proceed to examine the doctrine called Pantheism察and
to show how incomprehensible and valueless it is。
I will then indicate the Living and Personal God about whose
existence and about many of whose attributes there is no room for
question察I will show that man has been so far made in the
likeness of this Person or God察that He possesses all its
essential characteristics察and that it is this God who has called
man and all other living forms察whether animals or plants察into
existence察so that our bodies are the temples of His spirit察that
it is this which sustains them in their life and growth察who is
one with them察living察moving察and having His being in them察in
whom察also察they live and move察they in Him and He in them察He
being not a Trinity in Unity only察but an Infinity in Unity察and
a Unity in an Infinity察eternal in time past察for so much time at
least that our minds can come no nearer to eternity than this察
eternal for the future as long as the universe shall exist察ever
changing察yet the same yesterday察and to´day察and for ever。 And I
will show this with so little ambiguity that it shall be
perceived not as a phantom or hallucination following upon a
painful straining of the mind and a vain endeavour sicАto give
coherency to incoherent and inconsistent ideas察but with the same
ease察comfort察and palpable flesh´and´blood clearness with which
we see those near to us 察whom察though we see them at the best as
through a glass darkly察we still see face to face察even as we are
ourselves seen。
I will also show in what way this Being exercises a moral
government over the world察and rewards and punishes us according
to His own laws。
Having done this I shall proceed to compare this conception of
God with those that are currently accepted察and will endeavour
sicАto show that the ideas now current are in truth efforts to
grasp the one on which I shall here insist。 Finally察I shall
persuade the reader that the differences between the so´called
atheist and the so´called theist are differences rather about
words than things察inasmuch as not even the most prosaic of
modern scientists will be inclined to deny the existence of this
God察while few theists will feel that this察the natural
conception of God察is a less worthy one than that to which they
have been accustomed。
CHAPTER III
PANTHEISM。 I
THE Rev。 J。 H。 Blunt察in his ;Dictionary of Sects察Heresies察
etc。察─defines Pantheists as ;those who hold that God is
everything察and everything is God。;
If it is granted that the value of words lies in the definiteness
and coherency of the ideas that present themselves to us when the
words are heard or spoken´then such a sentence as ;God is
everything and everything is God; is worthless。
For we have so long associated the word ;God; with the idea of a
Living Person察who can see察hear察will察feel pleasure察
displeasure察etc。察that we cannot think of God察and also of
something which we have not been accustomed to think of as a
Living Person察at one and the same time察so as to connect the two
ideas and fuse them into a coherent thought。 While we are
thinking of the one察our minds involuntarily exclude the other察
and vice versa察so that it is as impossible for us to
think of anything as God察or as forming part of God察which we
cannot also think of as a Person察or as a part of a Person察as it
is to produce a hybrid between two widely distinct animals。 If I
am not mistaken察the barrenness of inconsistent ideas察and the
sterility of widely distant species or genera of plants and
animals察are one in principle´sterility of hybrids being due to
barrenness of ideas察and barrenness of ideas arising from
inability to fuse unfamiliar thoughts into a coherent conception。
I have insisted on this at some length in ;Life and Habit察─but
can do so no further here。 Footnote此Butler returned to this
subject in ;Luck察or cunning拭─which was originally published in
1887。
In like manner we have so long associated the word ;Person; with
the idea of a substantial visible body察limited in extent察and
animated by an invisible something which we call Spirit察that we
can think of nothing as a person which does not also bring these
ideas before us。 Any attempt to make us imagine God as a Person
who does not fulfil sicАthe conditions which our ideas attach
to the word ;person察─is ipso facto atheistic察as
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