history of florence-µÚ62½Ú
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¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ªÎ´ÔĶÁÍꣿ¼ÓÈëÊéÇ©ÒѱãÏ´μÌÐøÔĶÁ£¡
or¡¡another¡¡they¡¡had¡¡always¡¡been¡¡wholly¡¡set¡¡aside¡£¡¡He¡¡now£»¡¡to¡¡give¡¡the
count¡¡greater¡¡confidence£»¡¡added¡¡deeds¡¡to¡¡his¡¡words£»¡¡and¡¡sent¡¡him
thirty¡¡thousand¡¡florins£»¡¡which£»¡¡by¡¡the¡¡terms¡¡of¡¡the¡¡marriage¡¡contract£»
he¡¡had¡¡engaged¡¡to¡¡pay¡£
Still¡¡the¡¡war¡¡in¡¡Lombardy¡¡proceeded¡¡with¡¡greater¡¡vehemence¡¡than¡¡ever£»
the¡¡Venetians¡¡constantly¡¡suffered¡¡fresh¡¡losses¡¡of¡¡territory£»¡¡and¡¡the
fleets¡¡they¡¡equipped¡¡upon¡¡the¡¡rivers¡¡were¡¡taken¡¡by¡¡the¡¡duke's¡¡forces£»
the¡¡country¡¡around¡¡Verona¡¡and¡¡Brescia¡¡was¡¡entirely¡¡occupied£»¡¡and¡¡the
two¡¡cities¡¡themselves¡¡so¡¡pressed£»¡¡that¡¡their¡¡speedy¡¡fall¡¡was¡¡generally
anticipated¡£¡¡The¡¡marquis¡¡of¡¡Mantua£»¡¡who¡¡for¡¡many¡¡years¡¡had¡¡led¡¡the
forces¡¡of¡¡their¡¡republic£»¡¡quite¡¡unexpectedly¡¡resigned¡¡his¡¡command£»¡¡and
went¡¡over¡¡to¡¡the¡¡duke's¡¡service¡£¡¡Thus¡¡the¡¡course¡¡which¡¡pride¡¡prevented
them¡¡from¡¡adopting¡¡at¡¡the¡¡commencement¡¡of¡¡the¡¡war£»¡¡fear¡¡compelled¡¡them
to¡¡take¡¡during¡¡its¡¡progress£»¡¡for¡¡knowing¡¡there¡¡was¡¡no¡¡help¡¡for¡¡them
but¡¡in¡¡the¡¡friendship¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Florentines¡¡and¡¡the¡¡count£»¡¡they¡¡began¡¡to
make¡¡overtures¡¡to¡¡obtain¡¡it£»¡¡though¡¡with¡¡shame¡¡and¡¡apprehension£»¡¡for
they¡¡were¡¡afraid¡¡of¡¡receiving¡¡a¡¡reply¡¡similar¡¡to¡¡that¡¡which¡¡they¡¡had
given¡¡the¡¡Florentines£»¡¡when¡¡the¡¡latter¡¡applied¡¡for¡¡assistance¡¡in¡¡the
enterprise¡¡against¡¡Lucca¡¡and¡¡the¡¡count's¡¡affairs¡£¡¡However£»¡¡they¡¡found
the¡¡Florentines¡¡more¡¡easily¡¡induced¡¡to¡¡render¡¡aid¡¡than¡¡they¡¡expected£»
or¡¡their¡¡conduct¡¡deserved£»¡¡so¡¡much¡¡more¡¡were¡¡the¡¡former¡¡swayed¡¡by
hatred¡¡of¡¡their¡¡ancient¡¡enemy£»¡¡than¡¡by¡¡resentment¡¡of¡¡the¡¡ingratitude
of¡¡their¡¡old¡¡and¡¡habitual¡¡friends¡£¡¡Having¡¡foreseen¡¡the¡¡necessity¡¡into
which¡¡the¡¡Venetians¡¡must¡¡come£»¡¡they¡¡had¡¡informed¡¡the¡¡count¡¡that¡¡their
ruin¡¡must¡¡involve¡¡his¡¡own£»¡¡that¡¡he¡¡was¡¡deceived¡¡if¡¡he¡¡thought¡¡the
duke£»¡¡while¡¡fortune£»¡¡would¡¡esteem¡¡him¡¡more¡¡than¡¡if¡¡he¡¡were¡¡in
adversity£»¡¡that¡¡the¡¡duke¡¡was¡¡induced¡¡to¡¡promise¡¡him¡¡his¡¡daughter¡¡by
the¡¡fear¡¡he¡¡entertained¡¡of¡¡him£»¡¡that¡¡what¡¡necessity¡¡occasions¡¡to¡¡be
promised£»¡¡it¡¡also¡¡causes¡¡to¡¡be¡¡performed£»¡¡and¡¡it¡¡was¡¡therefore
desirable¡¡to¡¡keep¡¡the¡¡duke¡¡in¡¡that¡¡necessity£»¡¡which¡¡could¡¡be¡¡done
without¡¡supporting¡¡the¡¡power¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Venetians¡£¡¡Therefore¡¡he¡¡might
perceive£»¡¡that¡¡if¡¡the¡¡Venetians¡¡were¡¡compelled¡¡to¡¡abandon¡¡their¡¡inland
territories£»¡¡he¡¡would¡¡not¡¡only¡¡lose¡¡the¡¡advantages¡¡derivable¡¡from
them£»¡¡but¡¡also¡¡those¡¡to¡¡be¡¡obtained¡¡from¡¡such¡¡as¡¡feared¡¡them£»¡¡and¡¡that
if¡¡he¡¡considered¡¡well¡¡the¡¡powers¡¡of¡¡Italy£»¡¡he¡¡would¡¡see¡¡that¡¡some¡¡were
poor£»¡¡and¡¡others¡¡hostile£»¡¡that¡¡the¡¡Florentines¡¡alone¡¡were¡¡not£»¡¡as¡¡he
had¡¡often¡¡said£»¡¡sufficient¡¡for¡¡his¡¡support£»¡¡so¡¡that¡¡on¡¡every¡¡account
it¡¡was¡¡best¡¡to¡¡keep¡¡the¡¡Venetians¡¡powerful¡¡by¡¡land¡£¡¡These¡¡arguments£»
conjoined¡¡with¡¡the¡¡hatred¡¡which¡¡the¡¡count¡¡had¡¡conceived¡¡against
Filippo£»¡¡by¡¡supposing¡¡himself¡¡duped¡¡with¡¡regard¡¡to¡¡the¡¡promised
alliance£»¡¡induced¡¡him¡¡to¡¡consent¡¡to¡¡a¡¡new¡¡treaty£»¡¡but¡¡still¡¡he¡¡would
not¡¡consent¡¡to¡¡cross¡¡the¡¡Po¡£¡¡The¡¡agreement¡¡was¡¡concluded¡¡in¡¡February£»
1438£»¡¡the¡¡Venetians¡¡agreeing¡¡to¡¡pay¡¡two¡thirds¡¡of¡¡the¡¡expense¡¡of¡¡the
war£»¡¡the¡¡Florentines¡¡one¡third£»¡¡and¡¡each¡¡engaging¡¡to¡¡defend¡¡the¡¡states
which¡¡the¡¡count¡¡possessed¡¡in¡¡La¡¡Marca¡£¡¡Nor¡¡were¡¡these¡¡the¡¡only¡¡forces
of¡¡the¡¡league£»¡¡for¡¡the¡¡lord¡¡of¡¡Faenza£»¡¡the¡¡sons¡¡of¡¡Pandolfo¡¡Malatesti
da¡¡Rimino¡¡and¡¡Pietro¡¡Giampagolo¡¡Orsini¡¡also¡¡joined¡¡them¡£¡¡They
endeavored£»¡¡by¡¡very¡¡liberal¡¡offers£»¡¡to¡¡gain¡¡over¡¡the¡¡marquis¡¡of
Mantua£»¡¡but¡¡could¡¡not¡¡prevail¡¡against¡¡the¡¡friendship¡¡and¡¡stipend¡¡of
the¡¡duke£»¡¡and¡¡the¡¡lord¡¡of¡¡Faenza£»¡¡after¡¡having¡¡entered¡¡into¡¡compact
with¡¡the¡¡league£»¡¡being¡¡tempted¡¡by¡¡more¡¡advantageous¡¡terms£»¡¡went¡¡over
to¡¡him¡£¡¡This¡¡made¡¡them¡¡despair¡¡of¡¡being¡¡able¡¡to¡¡effect¡¡an¡¡early
settlement¡¡of¡¡the¡¡troubles¡¡of¡¡Romagna¡£
The¡¡affairs¡¡of¡¡Lombardy¡¡were¡¡in¡¡this¡¡condition£º¡¡Brescia¡¡was¡¡so¡¡closely
besieged¡¡by¡¡the¡¡duke's¡¡forces£»¡¡that¡¡constant¡¡apprehensions¡¡were
entertained¡¡of¡¡her¡¡being¡¡compelled¡¡by¡¡famine¡¡to¡¡a¡¡surrender£»¡¡while
Verona¡¡was¡¡so¡¡pressed£»¡¡that¡¡a¡¡similar¡¡fate¡¡was¡¡expected¡¡to¡¡await¡¡her£»
and¡¡if¡¡one¡¡of¡¡these¡¡cities¡¡were¡¡lost£»¡¡all¡¡the¡¡other¡¡preparations¡¡for
the¡¡war¡¡might¡¡be¡¡considered¡¡useless£»¡¡and¡¡the¡¡expenses¡¡already¡¡incurred
as¡¡completely¡¡wasted¡£¡¡For¡¡this¡¡there¡¡was¡¡no¡¡remedy£»¡¡but¡¡to¡¡send¡¡the
count¡¡into¡¡Lombardy£»¡¡and¡¡to¡¡this¡¡measure¡¡three¡¡obstacles¡¡presented
themselves¡£¡¡The¡¡first¡¡was£»¡¡to¡¡induce¡¡him¡¡to¡¡cross¡¡the¡¡Po£»¡¡and
prosecute¡¡the¡¡war¡¡in¡¡whatever¡¡locality¡¡might¡¡be¡¡found¡¡most¡¡advisable£»
the¡¡second£»¡¡that¡¡the¡¡count¡¡being¡¡at¡¡a¡¡distance£»¡¡the¡¡Florentines¡¡would
be¡¡left¡¡almost¡¡at¡¡the¡¡mercy¡¡of¡¡the¡¡duke£»¡¡who£»¡¡issuing¡¡from¡¡any¡¡of¡¡his
fortresses£»¡¡might¡¡with¡¡part¡¡of¡¡his¡¡troops¡¡keep¡¡the¡¡count¡¡at¡¡bay£»¡¡and
with¡¡the¡¡rest¡¡introduce¡¡into¡¡Tuscany¡¡the¡¡Florentine¡¡exiles£»¡¡whom¡¡the
existing¡¡government¡¡already¡¡dreaded£»¡¡the¡¡third¡¡was£»¡¡to¡¡determine¡¡what
route¡¡the¡¡count¡¡should¡¡take¡¡to¡¡arrive¡¡safely¡¡in¡¡the¡¡Paduan¡¡territory£»
and¡¡join¡¡the¡¡Venetian¡¡forces¡£¡¡Of¡¡these¡¡three¡¡difficulties£»¡¡the¡¡second£»
which¡¡particularly¡¡regarded¡¡the¡¡Florentines£»¡¡was¡¡the¡¡most¡¡serious£»
but£»¡¡knowing¡¡the¡¡necessity¡¡of¡¡the¡¡case£»¡¡and¡¡wearied¡¡out¡¡by¡¡the
Venetians£»¡¡who¡¡with¡¡unceasing¡¡importunity¡¡demanded¡¡the¡¡count£»
intimating¡¡that¡¡without¡¡him¡¡they¡¡should¡¡abandon¡¡all¡¡hope£»¡¡they
resolved¡¡to¡¡relieve¡¡their¡¡allies¡¡rather¡¡than¡¡listen¡¡to¡¡the¡¡suggestions
of¡¡their¡¡own¡¡fears¡£¡¡There¡¡still¡¡remained¡¡the¡¡question¡¡about¡¡the¡¡route
to¡¡be¡¡taken£»¡¡for¡¡the¡¡safety¡¡of¡¡which¡¡they¡¡determined¡¡the¡¡Venetians
should¡¡provide£»¡¡and¡¡as¡¡they¡¡had¡¡sent¡¡Neri¡¡Capponi¡¡to¡¡treat¡¡with¡¡the
count¡¡and¡¡induce¡¡him¡¡to¡¡cross¡¡the¡¡Po£»¡¡they¡¡determined¡¡that¡¡the¡¡same
person¡¡should¡¡also¡¡proceed¡¡to¡¡Venice£»¡¡in¡¡order¡¡to¡¡make¡¡the¡¡benefit¡¡the
more¡¡acceptable¡¡to¡¡the¡¡Signory£»¡¡and¡¡see¡¡that¡¡all¡¡possible¡¡security
were¡¡given¡¡to¡¡the¡¡passage¡¡of¡¡the¡¡forces¡£
Neri¡¡embarked¡¡at¡¡Cesena¡¡and¡¡went¡¡to¡¡Venice£»¡¡nor¡¡was¡¡any¡¡prince¡¡ever
received¡¡with¡¡so¡¡much¡¡honor¡¡as¡¡he¡¡was£»¡¡for¡¡upon¡¡his¡¡arrival£»¡¡and¡¡the
matters¡¡which¡¡his¡¡intervention¡¡was¡¡to¡¡decide¡¡and¡¡determine£»¡¡the¡¡safety
of¡¡the¡¡republic¡¡seemed¡¡to¡¡depend¡£¡¡Being¡¡introduced¡¡to¡¡the¡¡senate£»¡¡and
in¡¡presence¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Doge£»¡¡he¡¡said£»¡¡¡¨The¡¡Signory¡¡of¡¡Florence£»¡¡most
serene¡¡prince£»¡¡has¡¡always¡¡perceived¡¡in¡¡the¡¡duke's¡¡greatness¡¡the¡¡source
of¡¡ruin¡¡both¡¡to¡¡this¡¡republic¡¡and¡¡our¡¡own£»¡¡and¡¡that¡¡the¡¡safety¡¡of¡¡both
states¡¡depends¡¡upon¡¡their¡¡separate¡¡strength¡¡and¡¡mutual¡¡confidence¡£¡¡If
such¡¡had¡¡been¡¡the¡¡opinion¡¡of¡¡this¡¡illustrious¡¡Signory£»¡¡we¡¡should
ourselves¡¡have¡¡been¡¡in¡¡better¡¡condition£»¡¡and¡¡your¡¡republic¡¡would¡¡have
been¡¡free¡¡from¡¡the¡¡dangers¡¡that¡¡now¡¡threaten¡¡it¡£¡¡But¡¡as¡¡at¡¡the¡¡proper
crisis¡¡you¡¡withheld¡¡from¡¡us¡¡confidence¡¡and¡¡aid£»¡¡we¡¡could¡¡not¡¡come¡¡to
the¡¡relief¡¡of¡¡your¡¡distress£»¡¡nor¡¡could¡¡you£»¡¡being¡¡conscious¡¡of¡¡this£»
freely¡¡ask¡¡us£»¡¡for¡¡neither¡¡in¡¡your¡¡prosperity¡¡nor¡¡adversity¡¡have¡¡you
clearly¡¡perceived¡¡our¡¡motives¡£¡¡You¡¡have¡¡not¡¡observed£»¡¡that¡¡those¡¡whose
deeds¡¡have¡¡once¡¡incurred¡¡our¡¡hatred£»¡¡can¡¡never¡¡become¡¡entitled¡¡to¡¡our
regard£»¡¡nor¡¡can¡¡those¡¡who¡¡have¡¡once¡¡merited¡¡our¡¡affection¡¡ever¡¡after
absolutely¡¡cancel¡¡their¡¡claim¡£¡¡Our¡¡attachment¡¡to¡¡your¡¡most¡¡serene
Signory¡¡is¡¡well¡¡known¡¡to¡¡you¡¡all£»¡¡for¡¡you¡¡have¡¡often¡¡seen¡¡Lombardy
filled¡¡with¡¡our¡¡forces¡¡and¡¡our¡¡money¡¡for¡¡your¡¡assistance¡£¡¡Our
hereditary¡¡enmity¡¡to¡¡Filippo¡¡and¡¡his¡¡house¡¡is¡¡universally¡¡known£»¡¡and
it¡¡is¡¡impossible¡¡that¡¡love¡¡or¡¡hatred£»¡¡strengthened¡¡by¡¡the¡¡growth¡¡of
years£»¡¡can¡¡be¡¡eradicated¡¡from¡¡our¡¡minds¡¡by¡¡any¡¡recent¡¡act¡¡either¡¡of
kindness¡¡or¡¡neglect¡£¡¡We¡¡have¡¡always¡¡thought£»¡¡and¡¡are¡¡still¡¡of¡¡the¡¡same
opinion£»¡¡that¡¡we¡¡might¡¡now¡¡remain¡¡neutral£»¡¡greatly¡¡to¡¡the¡¡duke's
satisfaction£»¡¡and¡¡with¡¡little¡¡hazard¡¡to¡¡ourselves£»¡¡for¡¡if¡¡by¡¡your¡¡ruin
he¡¡were¡¡to¡¡become¡¡lord¡¡of¡¡Lombardy£»¡¡we¡¡should¡¡still¡¡have¡¡sufficient
influence¡¡in¡¡Italy¡¡in¡¡free¡¡us¡¡from¡¡any¡¡apprehension¡¡on¡¡our¡¡own
account£»¡¡for¡¡every¡¡increase¡¡of¡¡power¡¡and¡¡territory¡¡augments¡¡that
animosity¡¡and¡¡envy£»¡¡from¡¡which¡¡arise¡¡wars¡¡and¡¡the¡¡dismemberment¡¡of
states¡£¡¡We¡¡are¡¡also¡¡aware¡¡what¡¡heavy¡¡expenses¡¡and¡¡imminent¡¡perils¡¡we
should¡¡avoid£»¡¡by¡¡declining¡¡to¡¡involve¡¡ourselves¡¡in¡¡these¡¡disputes£»¡¡and
how¡¡easily¡¡the¡¡field¡¡of¡¡battle¡¡may¡¡be¡¡transferred¡¡from¡¡Lombardy¡¡to
Tuscany£»¡¡by¡¡our¡¡interference¡¡in¡¡your¡¡behalf¡£¡¡Yet¡¡all¡¡these
apprehensions¡¡are¡¡at¡¡once¡¡overborne¡¡by¡¡our¡¡ancient¡¡affection¡¡for¡¡the
senate¡¡and¡¡people¡¡of¡¡Venice£»¡¡and¡¡we¡¡have¡¡resolved¡¡to¡¡come¡¡to¡¡your
relief¡¡with¡¡the¡¡same¡¡zeal¡¡with¡¡which¡¡we¡¡should¡¡have¡¡armed¡¡in¡¡our¡¡own
defense£»¡¡had¡¡we¡¡been¡¡attacked¡£¡¡Therefore£»¡¡the¡¡senate¡¡of¡¡Florence£»
judging¡¡it¡¡primarily¡¡necessary¡¡to¡¡relieve¡¡Verona¡¡and¡¡Brescia£»¡¡and
thinking¡¡this¡¡impossible¡¡without¡¡the¡¡count£»¡¡have¡¡sent¡¡me£»¡¡in¡¡the¡¡first
instance£»¡¡to¡¡persuade¡¡him¡¡to¡¡pass¡¡into¡¡Lombardy£»¡¡and¡¡carry¡¡on¡¡the¡¡war
wherever¡¡it¡¡may¡¡be¡¡most¡¡needful£»¡¡for¡¡you¡¡are¡¡aware¡¡he¡¡is¡¡under¡¡no
obligation¡¡to¡¡cross¡¡the¡¡Po¡£¡¡To¡¡induce¡¡him¡¡to¡¡do¡¡so£»¡¡I¡¡have¡¡advanced
such¡¡arguments¡¡as¡¡are¡¡suggested¡¡by¡¡the¡¡circumstances¡¡themselves£»¡¡and
which¡¡would¡¡prevail¡¡with¡¡us¡£¡¡He£»¡¡being¡¡invincible¡¡in¡¡arms£»¡¡cannot¡¡be
surpassed¡¡in¡¡courtesy£»¡¡and¡¡the¡¡liberality¡¡he¡¡sees¡¡the¡¡Florentines
exercise¡¡toward¡¡you£»¡¡he¡¡has¡¡resolved¡¡to¡¡outdo£»¡¡for¡¡he¡¡is¡¡well¡¡aware¡¡to
what¡¡dangers¡¡Tuscany¡¡will¡¡be¡¡exposed¡¡after¡¡his¡¡departure£»¡¡and¡¡since¡¡we
have¡¡made¡¡your¡¡affairs¡¡our¡¡primary¡¡consideration£»¡¡he¡¡has¡¡also¡¡resolved
to¡¡make¡¡his¡¡own¡¡subservient¡¡to¡¡yours¡£¡¡I¡¡come£»¡¡therefore£»¡¡to¡¡tender¡¡his
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