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history of florence-µÚ62½Ú

С˵£º history of florence ×ÖÊý£º ÿҳ4000×Ö

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or¡¡another¡¡they¡¡had¡¡always¡¡been¡¡wholly¡¡set¡¡aside¡£¡¡He¡¡now£»¡¡to¡¡give¡¡the

count¡¡greater¡¡confidence£»¡¡added¡¡deeds¡¡to¡¡his¡¡words£»¡¡and¡¡sent¡¡him

thirty¡¡thousand¡¡florins£»¡¡which£»¡¡by¡¡the¡¡terms¡¡of¡¡the¡¡marriage¡¡contract£»

he¡¡had¡¡engaged¡¡to¡¡pay¡£



Still¡¡the¡¡war¡¡in¡¡Lombardy¡¡proceeded¡¡with¡¡greater¡¡vehemence¡¡than¡¡ever£»

the¡¡Venetians¡¡constantly¡¡suffered¡¡fresh¡¡losses¡¡of¡¡territory£»¡¡and¡¡the

fleets¡¡they¡¡equipped¡¡upon¡¡the¡¡rivers¡¡were¡¡taken¡¡by¡¡the¡¡duke's¡¡forces£»

the¡¡country¡¡around¡¡Verona¡¡and¡¡Brescia¡¡was¡¡entirely¡¡occupied£»¡¡and¡¡the

two¡¡cities¡¡themselves¡¡so¡¡pressed£»¡¡that¡¡their¡¡speedy¡¡fall¡¡was¡¡generally

anticipated¡£¡¡The¡¡marquis¡¡of¡¡Mantua£»¡¡who¡¡for¡¡many¡¡years¡¡had¡¡led¡¡the

forces¡¡of¡¡their¡¡republic£»¡¡quite¡¡unexpectedly¡¡resigned¡¡his¡¡command£»¡¡and

went¡¡over¡¡to¡¡the¡¡duke's¡¡service¡£¡¡Thus¡¡the¡¡course¡¡which¡¡pride¡¡prevented

them¡¡from¡¡adopting¡¡at¡¡the¡¡commencement¡¡of¡¡the¡¡war£»¡¡fear¡¡compelled¡¡them

to¡¡take¡¡during¡¡its¡¡progress£»¡¡for¡¡knowing¡¡there¡¡was¡¡no¡¡help¡¡for¡¡them

but¡¡in¡¡the¡¡friendship¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Florentines¡¡and¡¡the¡¡count£»¡¡they¡¡began¡¡to

make¡¡overtures¡¡to¡¡obtain¡¡it£»¡¡though¡¡with¡¡shame¡¡and¡¡apprehension£»¡¡for

they¡¡were¡¡afraid¡¡of¡¡receiving¡¡a¡¡reply¡¡similar¡¡to¡¡that¡¡which¡¡they¡¡had

given¡¡the¡¡Florentines£»¡¡when¡¡the¡¡latter¡¡applied¡¡for¡¡assistance¡¡in¡¡the

enterprise¡¡against¡¡Lucca¡¡and¡¡the¡¡count's¡¡affairs¡£¡¡However£»¡¡they¡¡found

the¡¡Florentines¡¡more¡¡easily¡¡induced¡¡to¡¡render¡¡aid¡¡than¡¡they¡¡expected£»

or¡¡their¡¡conduct¡¡deserved£»¡¡so¡¡much¡¡more¡¡were¡¡the¡¡former¡¡swayed¡¡by

hatred¡¡of¡¡their¡¡ancient¡¡enemy£»¡¡than¡¡by¡¡resentment¡¡of¡¡the¡¡ingratitude

of¡¡their¡¡old¡¡and¡¡habitual¡¡friends¡£¡¡Having¡¡foreseen¡¡the¡¡necessity¡¡into

which¡¡the¡¡Venetians¡¡must¡¡come£»¡¡they¡¡had¡¡informed¡¡the¡¡count¡¡that¡¡their

ruin¡¡must¡¡involve¡¡his¡¡own£»¡¡that¡¡he¡¡was¡¡deceived¡¡if¡¡he¡¡thought¡¡the

duke£»¡¡while¡¡fortune£»¡¡would¡¡esteem¡¡him¡¡more¡¡than¡¡if¡¡he¡¡were¡¡in

adversity£»¡¡that¡¡the¡¡duke¡¡was¡¡induced¡¡to¡¡promise¡¡him¡¡his¡¡daughter¡¡by

the¡¡fear¡¡he¡¡entertained¡¡of¡¡him£»¡¡that¡¡what¡¡necessity¡¡occasions¡¡to¡¡be

promised£»¡¡it¡¡also¡¡causes¡¡to¡¡be¡¡performed£»¡¡and¡¡it¡¡was¡¡therefore

desirable¡¡to¡¡keep¡¡the¡¡duke¡¡in¡¡that¡¡necessity£»¡¡which¡¡could¡¡be¡¡done

without¡¡supporting¡¡the¡¡power¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Venetians¡£¡¡Therefore¡¡he¡¡might

perceive£»¡¡that¡¡if¡¡the¡¡Venetians¡¡were¡¡compelled¡¡to¡¡abandon¡¡their¡¡inland

territories£»¡¡he¡¡would¡¡not¡¡only¡¡lose¡¡the¡¡advantages¡¡derivable¡¡from

them£»¡¡but¡¡also¡¡those¡¡to¡¡be¡¡obtained¡¡from¡¡such¡¡as¡¡feared¡¡them£»¡¡and¡¡that

if¡¡he¡¡considered¡¡well¡¡the¡¡powers¡¡of¡¡Italy£»¡¡he¡¡would¡¡see¡¡that¡¡some¡¡were

poor£»¡¡and¡¡others¡¡hostile£»¡¡that¡¡the¡¡Florentines¡¡alone¡¡were¡¡not£»¡¡as¡¡he

had¡¡often¡¡said£»¡¡sufficient¡¡for¡¡his¡¡support£»¡¡so¡¡that¡¡on¡¡every¡¡account

it¡¡was¡¡best¡¡to¡¡keep¡¡the¡¡Venetians¡¡powerful¡¡by¡¡land¡£¡¡These¡¡arguments£»

conjoined¡¡with¡¡the¡¡hatred¡¡which¡¡the¡¡count¡¡had¡¡conceived¡¡against

Filippo£»¡¡by¡¡supposing¡¡himself¡¡duped¡¡with¡¡regard¡¡to¡¡the¡¡promised

alliance£»¡¡induced¡¡him¡¡to¡¡consent¡¡to¡¡a¡¡new¡¡treaty£»¡¡but¡¡still¡¡he¡¡would

not¡¡consent¡¡to¡¡cross¡¡the¡¡Po¡£¡¡The¡¡agreement¡¡was¡¡concluded¡¡in¡¡February£»

1438£»¡¡the¡¡Venetians¡¡agreeing¡¡to¡¡pay¡¡two¡­thirds¡¡of¡¡the¡¡expense¡¡of¡¡the

war£»¡¡the¡¡Florentines¡¡one¡­third£»¡¡and¡¡each¡¡engaging¡¡to¡¡defend¡¡the¡¡states

which¡¡the¡¡count¡¡possessed¡¡in¡¡La¡¡Marca¡£¡¡Nor¡¡were¡¡these¡¡the¡¡only¡¡forces

of¡¡the¡¡league£»¡¡for¡¡the¡¡lord¡¡of¡¡Faenza£»¡¡the¡¡sons¡¡of¡¡Pandolfo¡¡Malatesti

da¡¡Rimino¡¡and¡¡Pietro¡¡Giampagolo¡¡Orsini¡¡also¡¡joined¡¡them¡£¡¡They

endeavored£»¡¡by¡¡very¡¡liberal¡¡offers£»¡¡to¡¡gain¡¡over¡¡the¡¡marquis¡¡of

Mantua£»¡¡but¡¡could¡¡not¡¡prevail¡¡against¡¡the¡¡friendship¡¡and¡¡stipend¡¡of

the¡¡duke£»¡¡and¡¡the¡¡lord¡¡of¡¡Faenza£»¡¡after¡¡having¡¡entered¡¡into¡¡compact

with¡¡the¡¡league£»¡¡being¡¡tempted¡¡by¡¡more¡¡advantageous¡¡terms£»¡¡went¡¡over

to¡¡him¡£¡¡This¡¡made¡¡them¡¡despair¡¡of¡¡being¡¡able¡¡to¡¡effect¡¡an¡¡early

settlement¡¡of¡¡the¡¡troubles¡¡of¡¡Romagna¡£



The¡¡affairs¡¡of¡¡Lombardy¡¡were¡¡in¡¡this¡¡condition£º¡¡Brescia¡¡was¡¡so¡¡closely

besieged¡¡by¡¡the¡¡duke's¡¡forces£»¡¡that¡¡constant¡¡apprehensions¡¡were

entertained¡¡of¡¡her¡¡being¡¡compelled¡¡by¡¡famine¡¡to¡¡a¡¡surrender£»¡¡while

Verona¡¡was¡¡so¡¡pressed£»¡¡that¡¡a¡¡similar¡¡fate¡¡was¡¡expected¡¡to¡¡await¡¡her£»

and¡¡if¡¡one¡¡of¡¡these¡¡cities¡¡were¡¡lost£»¡¡all¡¡the¡¡other¡¡preparations¡¡for

the¡¡war¡¡might¡¡be¡¡considered¡¡useless£»¡¡and¡¡the¡¡expenses¡¡already¡¡incurred

as¡¡completely¡¡wasted¡£¡¡For¡¡this¡¡there¡¡was¡¡no¡¡remedy£»¡¡but¡¡to¡¡send¡¡the

count¡¡into¡¡Lombardy£»¡¡and¡¡to¡¡this¡¡measure¡¡three¡¡obstacles¡¡presented

themselves¡£¡¡The¡¡first¡¡was£»¡¡to¡¡induce¡¡him¡¡to¡¡cross¡¡the¡¡Po£»¡¡and

prosecute¡¡the¡¡war¡¡in¡¡whatever¡¡locality¡¡might¡¡be¡¡found¡¡most¡¡advisable£»

the¡¡second£»¡¡that¡¡the¡¡count¡¡being¡¡at¡¡a¡¡distance£»¡¡the¡¡Florentines¡¡would

be¡¡left¡¡almost¡¡at¡¡the¡¡mercy¡¡of¡¡the¡¡duke£»¡¡who£»¡¡issuing¡¡from¡¡any¡¡of¡¡his

fortresses£»¡¡might¡¡with¡¡part¡¡of¡¡his¡¡troops¡¡keep¡¡the¡¡count¡¡at¡¡bay£»¡¡and


with¡¡the¡¡rest¡¡introduce¡¡into¡¡Tuscany¡¡the¡¡Florentine¡¡exiles£»¡¡whom¡¡the

existing¡¡government¡¡already¡¡dreaded£»¡¡the¡¡third¡¡was£»¡¡to¡¡determine¡¡what

route¡¡the¡¡count¡¡should¡¡take¡¡to¡¡arrive¡¡safely¡¡in¡¡the¡¡Paduan¡¡territory£»

and¡¡join¡¡the¡¡Venetian¡¡forces¡£¡¡Of¡¡these¡¡three¡¡difficulties£»¡¡the¡¡second£»

which¡¡particularly¡¡regarded¡¡the¡¡Florentines£»¡¡was¡¡the¡¡most¡¡serious£»

but£»¡¡knowing¡¡the¡¡necessity¡¡of¡¡the¡¡case£»¡¡and¡¡wearied¡¡out¡¡by¡¡the

Venetians£»¡¡who¡¡with¡¡unceasing¡¡importunity¡¡demanded¡¡the¡¡count£»

intimating¡¡that¡¡without¡¡him¡¡they¡¡should¡¡abandon¡¡all¡¡hope£»¡¡they

resolved¡¡to¡¡relieve¡¡their¡¡allies¡¡rather¡¡than¡¡listen¡¡to¡¡the¡¡suggestions

of¡¡their¡¡own¡¡fears¡£¡¡There¡¡still¡¡remained¡¡the¡¡question¡¡about¡¡the¡¡route

to¡¡be¡¡taken£»¡¡for¡¡the¡¡safety¡¡of¡¡which¡¡they¡¡determined¡¡the¡¡Venetians

should¡¡provide£»¡¡and¡¡as¡¡they¡¡had¡¡sent¡¡Neri¡¡Capponi¡¡to¡¡treat¡¡with¡¡the

count¡¡and¡¡induce¡¡him¡¡to¡¡cross¡¡the¡¡Po£»¡¡they¡¡determined¡¡that¡¡the¡¡same

person¡¡should¡¡also¡¡proceed¡¡to¡¡Venice£»¡¡in¡¡order¡¡to¡¡make¡¡the¡¡benefit¡¡the

more¡¡acceptable¡¡to¡¡the¡¡Signory£»¡¡and¡¡see¡¡that¡¡all¡¡possible¡¡security

were¡¡given¡¡to¡¡the¡¡passage¡¡of¡¡the¡¡forces¡£



Neri¡¡embarked¡¡at¡¡Cesena¡¡and¡¡went¡¡to¡¡Venice£»¡¡nor¡¡was¡¡any¡¡prince¡¡ever

received¡¡with¡¡so¡¡much¡¡honor¡¡as¡¡he¡¡was£»¡¡for¡¡upon¡¡his¡¡arrival£»¡¡and¡¡the

matters¡¡which¡¡his¡¡intervention¡¡was¡¡to¡¡decide¡¡and¡¡determine£»¡¡the¡¡safety

of¡¡the¡¡republic¡¡seemed¡¡to¡¡depend¡£¡¡Being¡¡introduced¡¡to¡¡the¡¡senate£»¡¡and

in¡¡presence¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Doge£»¡¡he¡¡said£»¡¡¡¨The¡¡Signory¡¡of¡¡Florence£»¡¡most

serene¡¡prince£»¡¡has¡¡always¡¡perceived¡¡in¡¡the¡¡duke's¡¡greatness¡¡the¡¡source

of¡¡ruin¡¡both¡¡to¡¡this¡¡republic¡¡and¡¡our¡¡own£»¡¡and¡¡that¡¡the¡¡safety¡¡of¡¡both

states¡¡depends¡¡upon¡¡their¡¡separate¡¡strength¡¡and¡¡mutual¡¡confidence¡£¡¡If

such¡¡had¡¡been¡¡the¡¡opinion¡¡of¡¡this¡¡illustrious¡¡Signory£»¡¡we¡¡should

ourselves¡¡have¡¡been¡¡in¡¡better¡¡condition£»¡¡and¡¡your¡¡republic¡¡would¡¡have

been¡¡free¡¡from¡¡the¡¡dangers¡¡that¡¡now¡¡threaten¡¡it¡£¡¡But¡¡as¡¡at¡¡the¡¡proper

crisis¡¡you¡¡withheld¡¡from¡¡us¡¡confidence¡¡and¡¡aid£»¡¡we¡¡could¡¡not¡¡come¡¡to

the¡¡relief¡¡of¡¡your¡¡distress£»¡¡nor¡¡could¡¡you£»¡¡being¡¡conscious¡¡of¡¡this£»

freely¡¡ask¡¡us£»¡¡for¡¡neither¡¡in¡¡your¡¡prosperity¡¡nor¡¡adversity¡¡have¡¡you

clearly¡¡perceived¡¡our¡¡motives¡£¡¡You¡¡have¡¡not¡¡observed£»¡¡that¡¡those¡¡whose

deeds¡¡have¡¡once¡¡incurred¡¡our¡¡hatred£»¡¡can¡¡never¡¡become¡¡entitled¡¡to¡¡our

regard£»¡¡nor¡¡can¡¡those¡¡who¡¡have¡¡once¡¡merited¡¡our¡¡affection¡¡ever¡¡after

absolutely¡¡cancel¡¡their¡¡claim¡£¡¡Our¡¡attachment¡¡to¡¡your¡¡most¡¡serene

Signory¡¡is¡¡well¡¡known¡¡to¡¡you¡¡all£»¡¡for¡¡you¡¡have¡¡often¡¡seen¡¡Lombardy

filled¡¡with¡¡our¡¡forces¡¡and¡¡our¡¡money¡¡for¡¡your¡¡assistance¡£¡¡Our

hereditary¡¡enmity¡¡to¡¡Filippo¡¡and¡¡his¡¡house¡¡is¡¡universally¡¡known£»¡¡and

it¡¡is¡¡impossible¡¡that¡¡love¡¡or¡¡hatred£»¡¡strengthened¡¡by¡¡the¡¡growth¡¡of

years£»¡¡can¡¡be¡¡eradicated¡¡from¡¡our¡¡minds¡¡by¡¡any¡¡recent¡¡act¡¡either¡¡of

kindness¡¡or¡¡neglect¡£¡¡We¡¡have¡¡always¡¡thought£»¡¡and¡¡are¡¡still¡¡of¡¡the¡¡same

opinion£»¡¡that¡¡we¡¡might¡¡now¡¡remain¡¡neutral£»¡¡greatly¡¡to¡¡the¡¡duke's

satisfaction£»¡¡and¡¡with¡¡little¡¡hazard¡¡to¡¡ourselves£»¡¡for¡¡if¡¡by¡¡your¡¡ruin

he¡¡were¡¡to¡¡become¡¡lord¡¡of¡¡Lombardy£»¡¡we¡¡should¡¡still¡¡have¡¡sufficient

influence¡¡in¡¡Italy¡¡in¡¡free¡¡us¡¡from¡¡any¡¡apprehension¡¡on¡¡our¡¡own

account£»¡¡for¡¡every¡¡increase¡¡of¡¡power¡¡and¡¡territory¡¡augments¡¡that

animosity¡¡and¡¡envy£»¡¡from¡¡which¡¡arise¡¡wars¡¡and¡¡the¡¡dismemberment¡¡of

states¡£¡¡We¡¡are¡¡also¡¡aware¡¡what¡¡heavy¡¡expenses¡¡and¡¡imminent¡¡perils¡¡we

should¡¡avoid£»¡¡by¡¡declining¡¡to¡¡involve¡¡ourselves¡¡in¡¡these¡¡disputes£»¡¡and

how¡¡easily¡¡the¡¡field¡¡of¡¡battle¡¡may¡¡be¡¡transferred¡¡from¡¡Lombardy¡¡to

Tuscany£»¡¡by¡¡our¡¡interference¡¡in¡¡your¡¡behalf¡£¡¡Yet¡¡all¡¡these

apprehensions¡¡are¡¡at¡¡once¡¡overborne¡¡by¡¡our¡¡ancient¡¡affection¡¡for¡¡the

senate¡¡and¡¡people¡¡of¡¡Venice£»¡¡and¡¡we¡¡have¡¡resolved¡¡to¡¡come¡¡to¡¡your

relief¡¡with¡¡the¡¡same¡¡zeal¡¡with¡¡which¡¡we¡¡should¡¡have¡¡armed¡¡in¡¡our¡¡own

defense£»¡¡had¡¡we¡¡been¡¡attacked¡£¡¡Therefore£»¡¡the¡¡senate¡¡of¡¡Florence£»

judging¡¡it¡¡primarily¡¡necessary¡¡to¡¡relieve¡¡Verona¡¡and¡¡Brescia£»¡¡and

thinking¡¡this¡¡impossible¡¡without¡¡the¡¡count£»¡¡have¡¡sent¡¡me£»¡¡in¡¡the¡¡first

instance£»¡¡to¡¡persuade¡¡him¡¡to¡¡pass¡¡into¡¡Lombardy£»¡¡and¡¡carry¡¡on¡¡the¡¡war

wherever¡¡it¡¡may¡¡be¡¡most¡¡needful£»¡¡for¡¡you¡¡are¡¡aware¡¡he¡¡is¡¡under¡¡no

obligation¡¡to¡¡cross¡¡the¡¡Po¡£¡¡To¡¡induce¡¡him¡¡to¡¡do¡¡so£»¡¡I¡¡have¡¡advanced

such¡¡arguments¡¡as¡¡are¡¡suggested¡¡by¡¡the¡¡circumstances¡¡themselves£»¡¡and

which¡¡would¡¡prevail¡¡with¡¡us¡£¡¡He£»¡¡being¡¡invincible¡¡in¡¡arms£»¡¡cannot¡¡be

surpassed¡¡in¡¡courtesy£»¡¡and¡¡the¡¡liberality¡¡he¡¡sees¡¡the¡¡Florentines

exercise¡¡toward¡¡you£»¡¡he¡¡has¡¡resolved¡¡to¡¡outdo£»¡¡for¡¡he¡¡is¡¡well¡¡aware¡¡to

what¡¡dangers¡¡Tuscany¡¡will¡¡be¡¡exposed¡¡after¡¡his¡¡departure£»¡¡and¡¡since¡¡we

have¡¡made¡¡your¡¡affairs¡¡our¡¡primary¡¡consideration£»¡¡he¡¡has¡¡also¡¡resolved

to¡¡make¡¡his¡¡own¡¡subservient¡¡to¡¡yours¡£¡¡I¡¡come£»¡¡therefore£»¡¡to¡¡tender¡¡his

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