Ì«×ÓүС˵Íø > Ó¢Óïµç×ÓÊé > theologico-political treatise p4(ÉñѧÓëÕþÖÎרÌâÑо¿4) >

µÚ14½Ú

theologico-political treatise p4(ÉñѧÓëÕþÖÎרÌâÑо¿4)-µÚ14½Ú


°´¼üÅÌÉÏ·½Ïò¼ü ¡û »ò ¡ú ¿É¿ìËÙÉÏÏ·­Ò³£¬°´¼üÅÌÉ쵀 Enter ¼ü¿É»Øµ½±¾ÊéĿ¼ҳ£¬°´¼üÅÌÉÏ·½Ïò¼ü ¡ü ¿É»Øµ½±¾Ò³¶¥²¿£¡
¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ªÎ´ÔĶÁÍꣿ¼ÓÈëÊéÇ©ÒѱãÏ´μÌÐøÔĶÁ£¡




justice¡¡and¡¡charity£»¡¡leaving¡¡everyone's¡¡judgment¡¡in¡¡other¡¡respects¡¡free¡£¡¡£¨48£©¡¡

But¡¡I¡¡will¡¡speak¡¡of¡¡this¡¡more¡¡at¡¡length¡¡presently¡£¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡£§18£º3£§¡¡£¨49£©¡¡III¡£¡¡We¡¡see¡¡how¡¡necessary¡¡it¡¡is£»¡¡both¡¡in¡¡the¡¡interests¡¡of¡¡the¡¡

state¡¡and¡¡in¡¡the¡¡interests¡¡of¡¡religion£»¡¡to¡¡confer¡¡on¡¡the¡¡sovereign¡¡power¡¡the¡¡

right¡¡of¡¡deciding¡¡what¡¡is¡¡lawful¡¡or¡¡the¡¡reverse¡£¡¡£¨50£©¡¡If¡¡this¡¡right¡¡of¡¡judging¡¡

actions¡¡could¡¡not¡¡be¡¡given¡¡to¡¡the¡¡very¡¡prophets¡¡of¡¡God¡¡without¡¡great¡¡injury£»¡¡

to¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡state¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡religion£»¡¡¡¡¡¡how¡¡¡¡¡¡much¡¡¡¡¡¡less¡¡¡¡¡¡should¡¡¡¡¡¡it¡¡¡¡¡¡be¡¡¡¡¡¡entrusted¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡those¡¡

who¡¡can¡¡neither¡¡foretell¡¡the¡¡future¡¡nor¡¡work¡¡miracles£¡¡¡£¨51£©¡¡But¡¡this¡¡again¡¡I¡¡

will¡¡treat¡¡of¡¡more¡¡fully¡¡hereafter¡£¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡£¨18£º52£©¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡IV¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡Lastly£»£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡we¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡see¡¡¡¡¡¡how¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡disastrous¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡it¡¡¡¡is¡¡¡¡for¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡¡¡people¡¡

unaccustomed¡¡to¡¡kings£»¡¡and¡¡possessing¡¡a¡¡complete¡¡code¡¡of¡¡laws£»¡¡to¡¡set¡¡up¡¡

a¡¡monarchy¡£¡¡£¨53£©¡¡Neither¡¡can¡¡the¡¡subjects¡¡brook¡¡such¡¡a¡¡sway£»¡¡nor¡¡the¡¡royal¡¡

authority¡¡submit¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡laws¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡popular¡¡¡¡¡¡rights¡¡set¡¡up¡¡by¡¡¡¡anyone¡¡inferior¡¡to¡¡

itself¡£¡¡£¨54£©¡¡Still¡¡less¡¡can¡¡a¡¡king¡¡be¡¡expected¡¡to¡¡defend¡¡such¡¡laws£»¡¡for¡¡they¡¡

were¡¡not¡¡framed¡¡to¡¡support¡¡his¡¡dominion£»¡¡but¡¡the¡¡dominion¡¡of¡¡the¡¡people£»¡¡

or¡¡¡¡¡¡some¡¡¡¡¡¡council¡¡¡¡¡¡which¡¡¡¡¡¡formerly¡¡¡¡¡¡ruled£»¡¡¡¡¡¡so¡¡¡¡¡¡that¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡guarding¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡popular¡¡

rights¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡king¡¡¡¡¡¡would¡¡¡¡¡¡seem¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡be¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡¡¡slave¡¡¡¡¡¡rather¡¡¡¡¡¡than¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡¡¡master¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡£¨55£©¡¡The¡¡

representative¡¡of¡¡a¡¡new¡¡monarchy¡¡will¡¡employ¡¡all¡¡his¡¡zeal¡¡in¡¡attempting¡¡to¡¡

frame¡¡new¡¡laws£»¡¡so¡¡as¡¡to¡¡wrest¡¡the¡¡rights¡¡of¡¡dominion¡¡to¡¡his¡¡own¡¡use£»¡¡and¡¡

to¡¡reduce¡¡the¡¡people¡¡till¡¡they¡¡find¡¡it¡¡easier¡¡to¡¡increase¡¡than¡¡to¡¡curtail¡¡the¡¡

royal¡¡prerogative¡£¡¡£¨56£©¡¡I¡¡must¡¡not£»¡¡however£»¡¡omit¡¡to¡¡state¡¡that¡¡it¡¡is¡¡no¡¡less¡¡

dangerous¡¡to¡¡remove¡¡a¡¡monarch£»¡¡though¡¡he¡¡is¡¡on¡¡all¡¡hands¡¡admitted¡¡to¡¡be¡¡a¡¡

tyrant¡£¡¡£¨57£©¡¡For¡¡his¡¡people¡¡are¡¡accustomed¡¡to¡¡royal¡¡authority¡¡and¡¡will¡¡obey¡¡

no¡¡other£»¡¡despising¡¡and¡¡mocking¡¡at¡¡any¡¡less¡¡august¡¡control¡£¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡£¨18£º58£©¡¡It¡¡is¡¡therefore¡¡necessary£»¡¡as¡¡the¡¡prophets¡¡discovered¡¡of¡¡old£»¡¡if¡¡

one¡¡king¡¡be¡¡removed£»¡¡that¡¡he¡¡should¡¡be¡¡replaced¡¡by¡¡another£»¡¡who¡¡will¡¡be¡¡a¡¡

tyrant¡¡from¡¡necessity¡¡rather¡¡than¡¡choice¡£¡¡£¨59£©¡¡For¡¡how¡¡will¡¡he¡¡be¡¡able¡¡to¡¡

endure¡¡the¡¡sight¡¡of¡¡the¡¡hands¡¡of¡¡the¡¡citizens¡¡reeking¡¡with¡¡royal¡¡blood£»¡¡and¡¡

to¡¡¡¡¡¡rejoice¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡their¡¡¡¡¡¡regicide¡¡¡¡¡¡as¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡¡¡glorious¡¡¡¡¡¡exploit£¿¡¡¡¡¡¡£¨60£©¡¡¡¡¡¡Was¡¡¡¡¡¡not¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡deed¡¡

perpetrated¡¡as¡¡an¡¡example¡¡and¡¡warning¡¡for¡¡himself£¿¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡£¨18£º61£©¡¡¡¡¡¡If¡¡¡¡¡¡he¡¡¡¡¡¡really¡¡¡¡¡¡wishes¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡be¡¡¡¡¡¡king£»¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡not¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡acknowledge¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡

people¡¡¡¡¡¡as¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡judge¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡kings¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡master¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡himself£»¡¡¡¡¡¡or¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡wield¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡



¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡43¡¡


¡­¡¡Page¡¡44¡­

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡A¡¡Theologico¡­Political¡¡Treatise¡¡



precarious¡¡sway£»¡¡he¡¡must¡¡avenge¡¡the¡¡death¡¡of¡¡his¡¡predecessor£»¡¡making¡¡an¡¡

example¡¡¡¡¡¡for¡¡¡¡¡¡his¡¡¡¡¡¡own¡¡¡¡¡¡sake£»¡¡¡¡¡¡lest¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡people¡¡¡¡¡¡should¡¡¡¡¡¡venture¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡repeat¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡

similar¡¡¡¡¡¡crime¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡£¨62£©¡¡¡¡¡¡He¡¡¡¡¡¡will¡¡¡¡¡¡not£»¡¡¡¡¡¡however£»¡¡¡¡¡¡be¡¡¡¡¡¡able¡¡¡¡¡¡easily¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡avenge¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡

death¡¡of¡¡the¡¡tyrant¡¡by¡¡the¡¡slaughter¡¡of¡¡citizens¡¡unless¡¡he¡¡defends¡¡the¡¡cause¡¡

of¡¡tyranny¡¡and¡¡approves¡¡the¡¡deeds¡¡of¡¡his¡¡predecessor£»¡¡thus¡¡following¡¡in¡¡his¡¡

footsteps¡£¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡£¨18£º63£©¡¡Hence¡¡it¡¡comes¡¡to¡¡pass¡¡that¡¡peoples¡¡have¡¡often¡¡changed¡¡their¡¡

tyrants£»¡¡¡¡¡¡but¡¡¡¡¡¡never¡¡¡¡¡¡removed¡¡¡¡¡¡them¡¡¡¡¡¡or¡¡¡¡¡¡changed¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡monarchical¡¡¡¡¡¡form¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡

government¡¡into¡¡any¡¡other¡£¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡£§18£º4£§¡¡£¨64£©¡¡The¡¡English¡¡people¡¡furnish¡¡us¡¡with¡¡a¡¡terrible¡¡example¡¡of¡¡

this¡¡fact¡£¡¡£¨65£©¡¡They¡¡sought¡¡how¡¡to¡¡depose¡¡their¡¡monarch¡¡under¡¡the¡¡forms¡¡

of¡¡law£»¡¡but¡¡when¡¡he¡¡had¡¡been¡¡removed£»¡¡they¡¡were¡¡utterly¡¡unable¡¡to¡¡change¡¡

the¡¡form¡¡of¡¡government£»¡¡and¡¡after¡¡much¡¡bloodshed¡¡only¡¡brought¡¡it¡¡about£»¡¡

that¡¡a¡¡new¡¡monarch¡¡should¡¡be¡¡hailed¡¡under¡¡a¡¡different¡¡name¡¡£¨as¡¡though¡¡it¡¡

had¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡been¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡¡¡mere¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡question¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡names£©£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡this¡¡¡¡¡¡new¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡monarch¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡could¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡only¡¡

consolidate¡¡his¡¡power¡¡by¡¡completely¡¡destroying¡¡the¡¡royal¡¡stock£»¡¡putting¡¡to¡¡

death¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡king's¡¡¡¡¡¡friends£»¡¡¡¡¡¡real¡¡¡¡¡¡or¡¡¡¡¡¡supposed£»¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡disturbing¡¡¡¡¡¡with¡¡¡¡¡¡war¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡

peace¡¡which¡¡might¡¡encourage¡¡discontent£»¡¡in¡¡order¡¡that¡¡the¡¡populace¡¡might¡¡

be¡¡¡¡¡¡engrossed¡¡¡¡¡¡with¡¡¡¡¡¡novelties¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡divert¡¡¡¡¡¡its¡¡¡¡¡¡mind¡¡¡¡¡¡from¡¡¡¡¡¡brooding¡¡¡¡¡¡over¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡

slaughter¡¡of¡¡the¡¡king¡£¡¡£¨66£©¡¡At¡¡last£»¡¡however£»¡¡the¡¡people¡¡reflected¡¡that¡¡it¡¡had¡¡

accomplished¡¡¡¡¡¡nothing¡¡¡¡¡¡for¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡good¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡country¡¡¡¡¡¡beyond¡¡¡¡¡¡violating¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡

rights¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡lawful¡¡¡¡¡¡king¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡changing¡¡¡¡¡¡everything¡¡¡¡¡¡for¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡worse¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡£¨67£©¡¡¡¡¡¡It¡¡

therefore¡¡decided¡¡to¡¡retrace¡¡its¡¡steps¡¡as¡¡soon¡¡as¡¡possible£»¡¡and¡¡never¡¡rested¡¡

till¡¡it¡¡had¡¡seen¡¡a¡¡complete¡¡restoration¡¡of¡¡the¡¡original¡¡state¡¡of¡¡affairs¡£¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡£¨18£º68£©¡¡It¡¡may¡¡perhaps¡¡be¡¡objected¡¡that¡¡the¡¡Roman¡¡people¡¡was¡¡easily¡¡

able¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡remove¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡its¡¡¡¡tyrants£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡but¡¡¡¡¡¡I¡¡¡¡gather¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡from¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡its¡¡¡¡history¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡¡¡strong¡¡

confirmation¡¡of¡¡my¡¡contention¡£¡¡£¨69£©¡¡Though¡¡the¡¡Roman¡¡people¡¡was¡¡much¡¡

more¡¡than¡¡ordinarily¡¡capable¡¡of¡¡removing¡¡their¡¡tyrants¡¡and¡¡changing¡¡their¡¡

form¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡government£»¡¡¡¡inasmuch¡¡¡¡¡¡as¡¡¡¡¡¡it¡¡¡¡¡¡held¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡its¡¡own¡¡hands¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡power¡¡of¡¡

electing¡¡¡¡¡¡its¡¡¡¡¡¡king¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡his¡¡¡¡¡¡successor£»¡¡¡¡¡¡said¡¡¡¡¡¡being¡¡¡¡¡¡composed¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡rebels¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡

criminals¡¡had¡¡not¡¡long¡¡been¡¡used¡¡to¡¡the¡¡royal¡¡yoke¡¡£¨out¡¡of¡¡its¡¡six¡¡kings¡¡it¡¡

had¡¡put¡¡to¡¡death¡¡three£©£»¡¡nevertheless¡¡it¡¡could¡¡accomplish¡¡nothing¡¡beyond¡¡

electing¡¡¡¡¡¡several¡¡¡¡¡¡tyrants¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡place¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡one£»¡¡¡¡¡¡who¡¡¡¡¡¡kept¡¡¡¡¡¡it¡¡¡¡¡¡groaning¡¡¡¡¡¡under¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡

continual¡¡¡¡¡¡state¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡war£»¡¡¡¡¡¡both¡¡¡¡¡¡foreign¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡civil£»¡¡¡¡¡¡till¡¡¡¡¡¡at¡¡¡¡¡¡last¡¡¡¡¡¡it¡¡¡¡¡¡changed¡¡¡¡¡¡its¡¡



¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡44¡¡


¡­¡¡Page¡¡45¡­

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡A¡¡Theologico¡­Political¡¡Treatise¡¡



government¡¡again¡¡to¡¡a¡¡form¡¡differing¡¡from¡¡monarchy£»¡¡as¡¡in¡¡England£»¡¡only¡¡

in¡¡name¡£¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡£§18£º5£§¡¡¡¡¡¡£¨70£©¡¡¡¡¡¡As¡¡¡¡¡¡for¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡United¡¡¡¡¡¡States¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡Netherlands£»¡¡¡¡¡¡they¡¡¡¡¡¡have¡¡

never£»¡¡as¡¡we¡¡know£»¡¡had¡¡a¡¡king£»¡¡but¡¡only¡¡counts£»¡¡who¡¡never¡¡attained¡¡the¡¡full¡¡

rights¡¡of¡¡dominion¡£¡¡£¨71£©¡¡The¡¡States¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Netherlands¡¡evidently¡¡acted¡¡as¡¡

principals¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡settlement¡¡¡¡¡¡made¡¡¡¡¡¡by¡¡¡¡¡¡them¡¡¡¡¡¡at¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡time¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡Earl¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡

Leicester's¡¡mission£º¡¡they¡¡always¡¡reserved¡¡for¡¡themselves¡¡the¡¡authority¡¡to¡¡

keep¡¡the¡¡counts¡¡up¡¡to¡¡their¡¡duties£»¡¡and¡¡the¡¡power¡¡to¡¡preserve¡¡this¡¡authority¡¡

and¡¡the¡¡liberty¡¡of¡¡the¡¡citizens¡£¡¡£¨72£©¡¡They¡¡had¡¡ample¡¡means¡¡of¡¡vindicating¡¡

their¡¡rights¡¡if¡¡their¡¡rulers¡¡should¡¡prove¡¡tyrannical£»¡¡and¡¡could¡¡impose¡¡such¡¡

restraints¡¡that¡¡nothing¡¡could¡¡be¡¡done¡¡without¡¡their¡¡consent¡¡and¡¡approval¡£¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡£¨18£º73£©¡¡Thus¡¡the¡¡rights¡¡of¡¡sovereign¡¡power¡¡have¡¡always¡¡been¡¡vested¡¡in¡¡

the¡¡¡¡¡¡States£»¡¡¡¡¡¡though¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡last¡¡¡¡¡¡count¡¡¡¡¡¡endeavoured¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡usurp¡¡¡¡¡¡them¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡£¨74£©¡¡¡¡¡¡It¡¡¡¡¡¡is¡¡

therefore¡¡¡¡¡¡little¡¡¡¡¡¡likely¡¡¡¡¡¡that¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡States¡¡¡¡¡¡should¡¡¡¡¡¡give¡¡¡¡¡¡them¡¡¡¡¡¡up£»¡¡¡¡¡¡especially¡¡¡¡¡¡as¡¡

they¡¡have¡¡just¡¡restored¡¡their¡¡original¡¡dominion£»¡¡lately¡¡almost¡¡lost¡£¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡£¨18£º75£©¡¡¡¡¡¡These¡¡¡¡¡¡examples£»¡¡¡¡¡¡then£»¡¡¡¡¡¡confirm¡¡¡¡¡¡us¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡our¡¡¡¡¡¡belief£»¡¡¡¡¡¡that¡¡¡¡¡¡every¡¡

dominion¡¡¡¡¡¡should¡¡¡¡¡¡retain¡¡¡¡¡¡its¡¡¡¡¡¡original¡¡¡¡¡¡form£»¡¡¡¡¡¡and£»¡¡¡¡¡¡indeed£»¡¡¡¡¡¡cannot¡¡¡¡¡¡change¡¡¡¡¡¡it¡¡

without¡¡danger¡¡of¡¡the¡¡utter¡¡ruin¡¡of¡¡the¡¡whole¡¡state¡£¡¡£¨76£©¡¡Such¡¡are¡¡the¡¡points¡¡

I¡¡have¡¡here¡¡thought¡¡worthy¡¡of¡¡remark¡£¡¡



¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡45¡¡


¡­¡¡Page¡¡46¡­

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡A¡¡Theologico¡­Political¡¡Treatise¡¡



¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡CHAPTER¡¡XIX¡¡



¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡IT¡¡¡¡IS¡¡¡¡¡¡SHOWN¡¡¡¡THAT¡¡¡¡THE¡¡¡¡¡¡RIGHT¡¡¡¡¡¡OVER¡¡¡¡¡¡MATTERS¡¡¡¡¡¡SPIRITUAL¡¡

LIES¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡WHOLLY¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡WITH¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡THE¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡SOVEREIGN£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡AND¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡THAT¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡THE¡¡

OUTWARD¡¡FORMS¡¡OF¡¡RELIGION¡¡SHOULD¡¡BE¡¡IN¡¡ACCORDANCE¡¡

WITH¡¡PUBLIC¡¡PEACE£»¡¡IF¡¡WE¡¡WOULD¡¡OBEY¡¡GOD¡¡ARIGHT¡£¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡£¨1£©¡¡¡¡¡¡When¡¡¡¡¡¡I¡¡¡¡¡¡said¡¡¡¡¡¡that¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡possessors¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡sovereign¡¡¡¡¡¡power¡¡¡¡¡¡have¡¡¡¡¡¡rights¡¡

over¡¡everything£»¡¡and¡¡that¡¡all¡¡rights¡¡are¡¡dependent¡¡on¡¡their¡¡decree£»¡¡I¡¡did¡¡not¡¡

merely¡¡mean¡¡temporal¡¡rights£»¡¡but¡¡also¡¡spiritual¡¡rights£»¡¡of¡¡the¡¡latter£»¡¡no¡¡less¡¡

than¡¡the¡¡former£»¡¡they¡¡ought¡¡to¡¡be¡¡the¡¡interpreters¡¡and¡¡the¡¡champions¡£¡¡£¨2£©¡¡I¡¡

wish¡¡to¡¡draw¡¡special¡¡attention¡¡to¡¡this¡¡point£»¡¡and¡¡to¡¡discuss¡¡it¡¡fully¡¡in¡¡this¡¡

chapter£»¡¡¡¡¡¡because¡¡¡¡¡¡many¡¡¡¡¡¡persons¡¡¡¡¡¡deny¡¡¡¡¡¡that¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡right¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡deciding¡¡¡¡¡¡religious¡¡

questions¡¡belongs¡¡to¡¡the¡¡sovereign¡¡power£»¡¡and¡¡refuse¡¡to¡¡acknowledge¡¡it¡¡as¡¡

the¡¡interpreter¡¡of¡¡Divine¡¡right¡£¡¡£¨3£©¡¡They¡¡accordingly¡¡assume¡¡full¡¡licence¡¡to¡¡

accuse¡¡and¡¡arraign¡¡it£»¡¡nay£»¡¡even¡¡to¡¡excommunicate¡¡it¡¡from¡¡the¡¡Church£»¡¡as¡¡

Ambrosius¡¡¡¡¡¡treated¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡Emperor¡¡¡¡¡¡Theodosius¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡old¡¡¡¡¡¡time¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡£¨4£©¡¡¡¡¡¡However£»¡¡¡¡¡¡I¡¡

will¡¡show¡¡later¡¡on¡¡in¡¡this¡¡chapter¡¡that¡¡they¡¡take¡¡this¡¡means¡¡of¡¡dividing¡¡the¡¡

government£»¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡paving¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡way¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡their¡¡¡¡¡¡own¡¡¡¡¡¡ascendancy¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡£¨5£©¡¡¡¡¡¡I¡¡¡¡¡¡wish£»¡¡

however£»¡¡¡¡¡¡first¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡point¡¡¡¡¡¡out¡¡¡¡¡¡that¡¡¡¡¡¡religion¡¡¡¡¡¡acquires¡¡¡¡¡¡its¡¡¡¡¡¡force¡¡¡¡¡¡as¡¡¡¡¡¡law¡¡¡¡¡¡solely¡¡

from¡¡the¡¡decrees¡¡of¡¡the¡¡sovereign¡£¡¡£¨6£©¡¡God¡¡has¡¡no¡¡special¡¡kingdom¡¡among¡¡

men¡¡¡¡¡¡except¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡so¡¡¡¡¡¡far¡¡¡¡¡¡as¡¡¡¡¡¡He¡¡¡¡¡¡reigns¡¡¡¡¡¡through¡¡¡¡¡¡temporal¡¡¡¡¡¡rulers¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡£§19£º1£§¡¡¡¡¡¡£¨7£©¡¡

Moreover£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡rites¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡religion¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡outward¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡observances¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡piety¡¡

should¡¡be¡¡in¡¡accordance¡¡with¡¡the¡¡public¡¡peace¡¡and¡¡well¡­being£»¡¡and¡¡should¡¡

therefore¡¡¡¡¡¡be¡¡¡¡¡¡determined¡¡¡¡¡¡by¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡sovereign¡¡¡¡¡¡power¡¡¡¡¡¡alone¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡£¨8£©¡¡¡¡¡¡I¡¡¡¡¡¡speak¡¡¡¡¡¡here¡¡

only¡¡of¡¡the¡¡outward¡¡observances¡¡of¡¡piety¡¡and¡¡the¡¡external¡¡rites¡¡of¡¡relig

·µ»ØĿ¼ ÉÏÒ»Ò³ ÏÂÒ»Ò³ »Øµ½¶¥²¿ ÔÞ£¨0£© ²È£¨0£©

Äã¿ÉÄÜϲ»¶µÄ