itinerary of archibishop-第4节

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。　　He　had　lived　in　the　Paris　of　St。　Louis　and　Philip　Augustus；　and　was　never　tired　of　exalting　the　House　of　Capet　over　the　tyrannical　and　bloodthirsty　House　of　Anjou。　　He　had　no　love　of　England；　for　her　Plantagenet　kings　or　her　Saxon　serfs。　　During　the　French　invasion　in　the　time　of　King　John　his　sympathies　were　openly　with　the　Dauphin　as　against　the　〃brood　of　vipers；〃　who　were　equally　alien　to　English　soil。　　For　the　Saxon；　indeed；　he　felt　the　twofold　hatred　of　Welshman　and　Norman。　　One　of　his　opponents　is　denounced　to　the　Pope　as　an　〃untriwe　Sax；〃　and　the　Saxons　are　described　as　the　slaves　of　the　Normans；　the　mere　hewers　of　wood　and　drawers　of　water　for　their　conquerors。　　He　met　Innocent　III。；　the　greatest　of　Popes；　in　familiar　converse；　he　jested　and　gossiped　with　him　in　slippered　ease；　he　made　him　laugh　at　his　endless　stories　of　the　glory　of　Wales；　the　iniquities　of　the　Angevins；　and　the　bad　Latin　of　Archbishop　Walter。　　He　knew　Richard　Coeur…de…Lion；　the　flower　of　chivalry；　and　saw　him　as　he　was　and　〃not　through　a　glass　darkly。〃　He　knew　John；　the　cleverest　and　basest　of　his　house。　　He　knew　and　loved　Stephen　Langton；　the　precursor　of　a　long　line　of　statesmen　who　have　made　English　liberty　broad　…　based　upon　the　people's　will。　　He　was　a　friend　of　St。　Hugh　of　Lincoln；　the　sweetest　and　purest　spirit　in　the　Anglican　Church　of　the　Middle　Ages；　the　one　man　who　could　disarm　the　wrath　of　the　fierce　king　with　a　smile；　and　he　was　the　friend　and　patron　of　Robert　Grosstete；　afterwards　the　great　Bishop　of　Lincoln。　　He　lived　much　in　company　with　Ranulph　de　Glanville；　the　first　English　jurist；　and　he　has　〃Boswellised〃　some　of　his　conversations　with　him。　　He　was　intimate　with　Archbishop　Baldwin；　the　saintly　prelate　who　laid　down　his　life　in　the　Third　Crusade　on　the　burning　plains　of　Palestine；　heart…broken　at　the　unbridled　wickedness　of　the　soldiers　of　the　Cross。　　He　was　the　near　kinsman　and　confidant　of　the　Cambro…Normans；　who；　landing　in　Leinster　in　1165；　effected　what　may　be　described　as　the　first　conquest　of　Ireland。　　There　was　scarcely　a　man　of　note　in　his　day　whom　he　had　not　seen　and　conversed　with；　or　of　whom　he　does　not　relate　some　piquant　story。　　He　had　travelled　much；　and　had　observed　closely。　Probably　the　most　valuable　of　all　his　works；　from　the　strictly　historical　point　of　view；　are　the　〃Itinerary〃　and　〃Description　of　Wales；〃　which　are　reprinted　in　the　present　volume。　｛10｝　　Here　he　is　impartial　in　his　evidence；　and　judicial　in　his　decisions。　　If　he　errs　at　all；　it　is　not　through　racial　prejudice。　　〃I　am　sprung；〃　he　once　told　the　Pope　in　a　letter；　〃from　the　princes　of　Wales　and　from　the　barons　of　the　Marches；　and　when　I　see　injustice　in　either　race；　I　hate　it。〃

The　text　is　that　of　Sir　Richard　Colt　Hoare；　who　published　an　English　translation；　chiefly　from　the　texts　of　Camden　and　Wharton；　in　1806。　The　valuable　historical　notes　have　been　curtailed；　as　being　too　elaborate　for　such　a　volume　as　this；　and　a　few　notes　have　been　added　by　the　present　editor。　　These　will　be　found　within　brackets。　Hoare's　translation；　and　also　translations　（edited　by　Mr。　Foster）　of　the　Irish　books　have　been　published　in　Bohn's　Antiquarian　Library。

The　first　of　the　seven　volumes　of　the　Latin　text　of　Gerald；　published　in　the　Rolls　Series；　appeared　in　1861。　　The　first　four　volumes　were　edited　by　Professor　Brewer；　the　next　two　by　Mr。　Dimmock；　and　the　seventh　by　Professor　Freeman。

W。　LLEWELYN　WILLIAMS。　　January　1908。


The　following　is　a　list　of　the　more　important　of　the　works　of　Gerald：…

Topographia　Hibernica；　Expugnatio　Hibernica；　Itinerarium　Kambriae；　Descriptio　Kambriae；　Gemma　Ecclesiastica；　Libellus　Invectionum；　De　Rebus　a　se　Gestis；　Dialogus　de　jure　et　statu　Menevensis　Ecclesiae；　De　Instructione　Principum；　De　Legendis　Sanctorum；　Symbolum　Electorum。



FIRST　PREFACE　…　TO　STEPHEN　LANGTON；　ARCHBISHOP　OF　CANTERBURY



As　the　times　are　affected　by　the　changes　of　circumstances；　so　are　the　minds　of　men　influenced　by　different　manners　and　customs。　　The　satirist　＇Persius＇　exclaims；


〃Mille　hominum　species　et　mentis　discolor　usus；　Velle　suum　cuique　est；　nec　voto　vivitur　uno。〃

〃Nature　is　ever　various　in　her　name；　Each　has　a　different　will；　and　few　the　same。〃


The　comic　poet　also　says；　〃Quot　capita　tot　sententiae；　suus　cuique　mos　est。〃　　〃As　many　men；　so　many　minds；　each　has　his　way。〃　　Young　soldiers　exult　in　war；　and　pleaders　delight　in　the　gown；　others　aspire　after　riches；　and　think　them　the　supreme　good。　　Some　approve　Galen；　some　Justinian。　　Those　who　are　desirous　of　honours　follow　the　court；　and　from　their　ambitious　pursuits　meet　with　more　mortification　than　satisfaction。　　Some；　indeed；　but　very　few；　take　pleasure　in　the　liberal　arts；　amongst　whom　we　cannot　but　admire　logicians；　who；　when　they　have　made　only　a　trifling　progress；　are　as　much　enchanted　with　the　images　of　Dialectics；　as　if　they　were　listening　to　the　songs　of　the　Syrens。

But　among　so　many　species　of　men；　where　are　to　be　found　divine　poets？　　Where　the　noble　assertors　of　morals？　　Where　the　masters　of　the　Latin　tongue？　　Who　in　the　present　times　displays　lettered　eloquence；　either　in　history　or　poetry？　　Who；　I　say；　in　our　own　age；　either　builds　a　system　of　ethics；　or　consigns　illustrious　actions　to　immortality？　　Literary　fame；　which　used　to　be　placed　in　the　highest　rank；　is　now；　because　of　the　depravity　of　the　times；　tending　to　ruin　and　degraded　to　the　lowest；　so　that　persons　attached　to　study　are　at　present　not　only　not　imitated　nor　venerated；　but　even　detested。　〃Happy　indeed　would　be　the　arts；〃　observes　Fabius；　〃if　artists　alone　judged　of　the　arts；〃　but；　as　Sydonius　says；　〃it　is　a　fixed　principle　in　the　human　mind；　that　they　who　are　ignorant　of　the　arts　despise　the　artist。〃

But　to　revert　to　our　subject。　　Which；　I　ask；　have　rendered　more　service　to　the　world；　the　arms　of　Marius　or　the　verses　of　Virgil？　The　sword　of　Marius　has　rusted；　while　the　fame　of　him　who　wrote　the　AEneid　is　immortal；　and　although　in　his　time　letters　were　honoured　by　lettered　persons；　yet　from　his　own　pen　we　find；


〃　…　tantum　Carmina　nostra　valent　tela　inter　Martia；　quantum　Chaonias　dicunt；　aquila　veniente；　columbas。〃


Who　would　hesitate　in　deciding　which　are　more　profitable；　the　works　of　St。　Jerom；　or　the　riches　of　Croesus？　but　where　now　shine　the　gold　and　silver　of　Croesus？　whilst　the　world　is　instructed　by　the　example　and　enlightened　by　the　learning　of　the　poor　coenobite。　　Yet　even　he；　through　envy；　suffered　stripes　and　contumely　at　Rome；　although　his　character　was　so　illustrious；　and　at　length　being　driven　beyond　the　seas；　found　a　refuge　for　his　studies　in　the　solitude　of　Bethlehem。　Thus　it　appears；　that　gold　and　arms　may　support　us　in　this　life；　but　avail　nothing　after　death；　and　that　letters　through　envy　profit　nothing　in　this　world；　but；　like　a　testament；　acquire　an　immortal　value　from　the　seal　of　death。

According　to　the　poet；


〃Pascitur　in　vivis　livor；　post　fata　quiescit；　Cum　suus　ex　merito　quemque　tuetur　honor。〃


And　also


〃Denique　si　quis　adhuc　praetendit　nubila；　livor　Occidet；　et　meriti　post　me　referentur　honores。〃


Those　who　by　artifice　endeavour　to　acquire　or　preserve　the　reputation　of　abilities　or　ingenuity；　while　they　abound　in　the　words　of　others；　have　little　cause　to　boast　of　their　own　inventions。　　For　the　composers　of　that　polished　language；　in　which　such　various　cases　as　occur　in　the　great　body　of　law　are　treated　with　such　an　appropriate　elegance　of　style；　must　ever　stand　forward　in　the　first　ranks　of　praise。　　I　should　indeed　have　said；　that　the　authors　of　refined　language；　not　the　hearers　only；　the　inventors；　not　the　reciters；　are　most　worthy　of　commendation。　　You　will　find；　however；　that　the　practices　of　the　court　and　of　the　schools　are　extremely　similar；　as　well　in　the　subtleties　they　employ　to　lead　you　forward；　as　in　the　steadiness　with　which　they　generally　maintain　their　own　positions。　　Yet　it　is　certain　that　the　knowledge　of　logic　（the　acumen；　if　I　may　so　express　it；　of　all　other　sciences　as　well　as　arts）　is　very　useful；　when　restricted　within　proper　bounds；　whilst　the　court　（i。e。　courtly　language）；　excepting　to　sycophants　or　ambitious　men；　is　by　no　means　necessary。　　For　if　you　are　successful　at　court；　ambition　never　wholly　quits　its　hold　till　satiated；　and　allures　and　draws　you　still　closer；　but　if　your　labour　is　thrown　away；　you　still　continue　the　pursuit；　and；　together　with　your　substance；　lose　your　time；　the　greatest　and　most　irretrievable　of　all　losses。　　There　is　likewise　some　resemblance　between　the　court　and　the　game　of　dice；　as　the　poet　observes：…


〃Sic　ne　perdiderit　non　cessat　perdere　lusor；

Dum　revocat　cupidas　alea　blanda　manus；〃


which；　by　substituting　the　word　CURIA　for　ALEA；　may　be　applied　to　the　court。　　This　further　proof　of　their　resemblance　may　be　added；　that　as　the　chances　of　the　dice　and　court　are　not　productive　of　any　real　delight；　so　they　are　equally　distributed　to　the　worthy　and　the　unworthy。

Since；　therefore；　among　so　many　species　of　men；　each　follows　his　own　inclination；　and　each　is　actuated　by　different　desires；　a　regard　for　posterity　has　induced　me　to　choose　the　study　of　composition；　and；　as　this　life　is　temporary　and　mutable；　it　is　grateful　to　live　in　the　memory　of　future　ages；　and　to　be　immortalized　by　fame；　for　to　to