itinerary of archibishop-第34节

按键盘上方向键 ← 或 → 可快速上下翻页，按键盘上的 Enter 键可回到本书目录页，按键盘上方向键 ↑ 可回到本页顶部！
————未阅读完？加入书签已便下次继续阅读！


freely　by　the　sword；　as　the　king　himself　did　England　by　the　crown。〃

｛166｝　　This　church　is　at　Llandyfrydog；　a　small　village　in　Twrkelin　hundred；　not　far　distant　from　Llanelian；　and　about　three　miles　from　the　Bay　of　Dulas。　　St。　Tyvrydog；　to　whom　it　was　dedicated；　was　one　of　the　sons　of　Arwystyl　Glof；　a　saint　who　lived　in　the　latter　part　of　the　sixth　century。

｛167｝　　Ynys　Lenach；　now　known　by　the　name　of　Priestholme　Island；　bore　also　the　title　of　Ynys　Seiriol；　from　a　saint　who　resided　upon　it　in　the　sixth　century。　　It　is　also　mentioned　by　Dugdale　and　Pennant　under　the　appellation　of　Insula　Glannauch。

｛168｝　　Alberic　de　Veer；　or　Vere；　came　into　England　with　William　the　Conqueror；　and　as　a　reward　for　his　military　services；　received　very　extensive　possessions　and　lands；　particularly　in　the　county　of　Essex。　　Alberic；　his　eldest　son；　was　great　chamberlain　of　England　in　the　reign　of　king　Henry　I。；　and　was　killed　A。D。　1140；　in　a　popular　tumult　at　London。　　Henry　de　Essex　married　one　of　his　daughters　named　Adeliza。　　He　enjoyed；　by　inheritance；　the　office　of　standard…bearer；　and　behaved　himself　so　unworthily　in　the　military　expedition　which　king　Henry　undertook　against　Owen　Gwynedd；　prince　of　North　Wales；　in　the　year　1157；　by　throwing　down　his　ensign；　and　betaking　himself　to　flight；　that　he　was　challenged　for　this　misdemeanor　by　Robert　de　Mountford；　and　by　him　vanquished　in　single　combat；　whereby；　according　to　the　laws　of　his　country；　his　life　was　justly　forfeited。　But　the　king　interposing　his　royal　mercy；　spared　it；　but　confiscated　his　estates；　ordering　him　to　be　shorn　a　monk；　and　placed　in　the　abbey　of　Reading。　　There　appears　to　be　some　biographical　error　in　the　words　of　Giraldus　…　〃Filia　scilicet　Henrici　de　Essexia；〃　for　by　the　genealogical　accounts　of　the　Vere　and　Essex　families；　we　find　that　Henry　de　Essex　married　the　daughter　of　the　second　Alberic　de　Vere；　whereas　our　author　seems　to　imply；　that　the　mother　of　Alberic　the　second　was　daughter　to　Henry　de　Essex。

｛169｝　　〃And　Jacob　took　him　rods　of　green　poplar；　and　of　the　hazel；　and　of　the　chesnut　tree；　and　peeled　white　strakes　in　them；　and　made　the　white　appear　which　was　in　the　rods。　　And　he　set　the　rods；　which　he　had　peeled；　before　the　flocks　in　the　gutters　in　the　watering　troughs；　when　the　flocks　came　to　drink；　that　they　should　conceive　when　they　came　to　drink。　　And　the　flocks　conceived　before　the　rods；　and　brought　forth　cattle　speckled　and　spotted。〃　…　Gen。　xxx。

｛170｝　　Owen　Gwynedd；　the　son　of　Gruffydd　ap　Conan；　died　in　1169；　and　was　buried　at　Bangor。　　When　Baldwin；　during　his　progress；　visited　Bangor　and　saw　his　tomb；　he　charged　the　bishop　（Guy　Ruffus）　to　remove　the　body　out　of　the　cathedral；　when　he　had　a　fit　opportunity　so　to　do；　in　regard　that　archbishop　Becket　had　excommunicated　him　heretofore；　because　he　had　married　his　first　cousin；　the　daughter　of　Grono　ap　Edwyn；　and　that　notwithstanding　he　had　continued　to　live　with　her　till　she　died。　　The　bishop；　in　obedience　to　the　charge；　made　a　passage　from　the　vault　through　the　south　wall　of　the　church　underground；　and　thus　secretly　shoved　the　body　into　the　churchyard。　…　Hengwrt。　　MSS。　　Cadwalader　brother　of　Owen　Gwynedd；　died　in　1172。

｛171｝　　The　Merlin　here　mentioned　was　called　Ambrosius；　and　according　to　the　Cambrian　Biography　flourished　about　the　middle　of　the　fifth　century。　　Other　authors　say；　that　this　reputed　prophet　and　magician　was　the　son　of　a　Welsh　nun；　daughter　of　a　king　of　Demetia；　and　born　at　Caermarthen；　and　that　he　was　made　king　of　West　Wales　by　Vortigern；　who　then　reigned　in　Britain。

｛172｝　　Owen　Gwynedd　〃left　behind　him　manie　children　gotten　by　diverse　women；　which　were　not　esteemed　by　their　mothers　and　birth；　but　by　their　prowes　and　valiantnesse。〃　　By　his　first　wife；　Gladus；　the　daughter　of　Llywarch　ap　Trahaern　ap　Caradoc；　he　had　Orwerth　Drwyndwn；　that　is；　Edward　with　the　broken　nose；　for　which　defect　he　was　deemed　unfit　to　preside　over　the　principality　of　North　Wales　and　was　deprived　of　his　rightful　inheritance；　which　was　seized　by　his　brother　David；　who　occupied　it　for　the　space　of　twenty…four　years。

｛173｝　　The　travellers　pursuing　their　journey　along　the　sea　coast；　crossed　the　aestuary　of　the　river　Conway　under　Deganwy；　a　fortress　of　very　remote　antiquity。

｛174｝　　At　this　period　the　Cistercian　monastery　of　Conway　was　in　its　infancy；　for　its　foundation　has　been　attributed　to　Llewelyn　ap　Iorwerth；　in　the　year　1185；　（only　three　years　previous　to　Baldwin's　visitation；）　who　endowed　it　with　very　extensive　possessions　and　singular　privileges。　　Like　Stratflur；　this　abbey　was　the　repository　of　the　national　records；　and　the　mausoleum　of　many　of　its　princes。

｛175｝　　＇David　was　the　illegitimate　son　of　Owen　Gwynedd；　and　had　dispossessed　his　brother；　Iorwerth　Drwyndwn。＇

｛176｝　　This　ebbing　spring　in　the　province　of　Tegeingl；　or　Flintshire；　has　been　placed　by　the　old　annotator　on　Giraldus　at　Kilken；　which　Humphrey　Llwyd；　in　his　Breviary；　also　mentions。

｛177｝　　See　before；　the　Topography　of　Ireland；　Distinc。　ii。　c。　7。

｛178｝　　Saint　Asaph；　in　size；　though　not　in　revenues；　may　deserve　the　epithet　of　〃paupercula〃　attached　to　it　by　Giraldus。　　From　its　situation　near　the　banks　of　the　river　Elwy；　it　derived　the　name　of　Llanelwy；　or　the　church　upon　the　Elwy。

｛179｝　　Leaving　Llanelwy；　or　St。　Asaph；　the　archbishop　proceeded　to　the　little　cell　of　Basinwerk；　where　he　and　his　attendants　passed　the　night。　　It　is　situated　at　a　short　distance　from　Holywell；　on　a　gentle　eminence　above　a　valley；　watered　by　the　copious　springs　that　issue　from　St。　Winefred's　well；　and　on　the　borders　of　a　marsh；　which　extends　towards　the　coast　of　Cheshire。

｛180｝　　Coleshill　is　a　township　in　Holywell　parish；　Flintshire；　which　gives　name　to　a　hundred；　and　was　so　called　from　its　abundance　of　fossil　fuel。　　Pennant；　vol。　i。　p。　42。

｛181｝　　The　three　military　expeditions　of　king　Henry　into　Wales；　here　mentioned；　were　A。D。　1157；　the　first　expedition　into　North　Wales；　A。D。　1162；　the　second　expedition　into　South　Wales；　A。D。　1165；　the　third　expedition　into　North　Wales。　　In　the　first；　the　king　was　obliged　to　retreat　with　considerable　loss；　and　the　king's　standard…　bearer；　Henry　de　Essex；　was　accused　of　having　in　a　cowardly　manner　abandoned　the　royal　standard　and　led　to　a　serious　disaster。

｛182｝　　The　lake　of　Penmelesmere；　or　Pymplwy　meer；　or　the　meer　of　the　five　parishes　adjoining　the　lake；　is；　in　modern　days；　better　known　by　the　name　of　Bala　Pool。　　The　assertion　made　by　Giraldus；　of　salmon　never　being　found　in　the　lake　of　Bala；　is　not　founded　on　truth。

｛183｝　　Giraldus　seems　to　have　been　mistaken　respecting　the　burial…　place　of　the　emperor　Henry　V。；　for　he　died　May　23；　A。D。　1125；　at　Utrecht；　and　his　body　was　conveyed　to　Spire　for　interment。

｛184｝　　This　legend；　which　represents　king　Harold　as　having　escaped　from　the　battle　of　Hastings；　and　as　having　lived　years　after　as　a　hermit　on　the　borders　of　Wales；　is　mentioned　by　other　old　writers；　and　has　been　adopted　as　true　by　some　modern　writers。

｛185｝　　Some　difficulty　occurs　in　fixing　the　situation　of　the　Album　Monasterium；　mentioned　in　the　text；　as　three　churches　in　the　county　of　Shropshire　bore　that　appellation；　the　first　at　Whitchurch；　the　second　at　Oswestry；　the　third　at　Alberbury。　　The　narrative　of　our　author　is　so　simple；　and　corresponds　so　well　with　the　topography　of　the　country　through　which　they　passed；　that　I　think　no　doubt　ought　to　be　entertained　about　the　course　of　their　route。　　From　Chester　they　directed　their　way　to　the　White　Monastery；　or　Whitchurch；　and　from　thence　towards　Oswestry；　where　they　slept；　and　were　entertained　by　William　Fitz…Alan；　after　the　English　mode　of　hospitality。

｛186｝　　By　the　Latin　context　it　would　appear　that　Reiner　was　bishop　of　Oswestree：　　〃Ab　episcopo　namque　loci　illius　Reinerio　multitudo　fuerat　ante　signata。〃　　Reiner　succeeded　Adam　in　the　bishopric　of　St。　Asaph　in　the　year　1186；　and　died　in　1220。　　He　had　a　residence　near　Oswestry；　at　which　place；　previous　to　the　arrival　of　Baldwin；　he　had　signed　many　of　the　people　with　the　cross。

｛187｝　　In　the　time　of　William　the　Conqueror；　Alan；　the　son　of　Flathald；　or　Flaald；　obtained；　by　the　gift　of　that　king；　the　castle　of　Oswaldestre；　with　the　territory　adjoining；　which　belonged　to　Meredith　ap　Blethyn；　a　Briton。　　This　Alan；　having　married　the　daughter　and　heir　to　Warine；　sheriff　of　Shropshire；　had　in　her　right　the　barony　of　the　same　Warine。　　To　him　succeeded　William；　his　son　and　heir。　　He　married　Isabel　de　Say；　daughter　and　heir　to　Helias　de　Say；　niece　to　Robert　earl　of　Gloucester；　lady　of　Clun；　and　left　issue　by　her；　William；　his　son　and　successor；　who；　in　the　19th　Henry　II。；　or　before；　departed　this　life；　leaving　William　Fitz…Alan　his　son　and　heir；　who　is　mentioned　in　the　text。

｛188｝　　Robert　de　Belesme；　earl　of　Shrewsbury；　was　son　of　Roger　de　Montgomery；　who　led　the　centre　division　of　the　army　in　that　memorable　battle　which　secured　to　William　the　conquest　of　England；　and　for　his　services　was　advanced　to　the　earldoms　of　Arundel　and　Shrewsbury。

｛189｝　　This　expedition　into　Wales　took　place　A。D。　1165；　and　has　been　already　spoken　of。

｛190｝　　The　princes　mentioned　by　Giraldus　as　most　distinguished　in　North　and　South　Wales；　and　most　celebrated　in　his　time；　were；　1。　Owen；　son　of　Gruffydd；　in　North　Wales；　2。　Meredyth；