itinerary of archibishop-第32节

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ords　Windsor；　who　have　since　been　created　earls　of　Plymouth：　　and　from　Gerald；　brother　of　William；　the　Geralds；　Fitz…geralds；　and　many　other　families　are　lineally　descended。　　The　Gerald　here　mentioned　by　Giraldus　is　sometimes　surnamed　De　Windsor；　and　also　Fitz…Walter；　i。e。　the　son　of　Walter；　having　slain　Owen；　son　of　Cadwgan　ap　Bleddyn；　chief　lord　of　Cardiganshire；　he　was　made　president　of　the　county　of　Pembroke。

｛112｝　　Wilfred　is　mentioned　by　Browne　Willis　in　his　list　of　bishops　of　St。　David's；　as　the　forty…seventh；　under　the　title　of　Wilfride；　or　Griffin：　　he　died　about　the　year　1116。

｛113｝　　Maenor　Pyrr；　now　known　by　the　name　of　Manorbeer；　is　a　small　village　on　the　sea　coast；　between　Tenby　and　Pembroke；　with　the　remaining　shell　of　a　large　castle。　　Our　author　has　given　a　farfetched　etymology　to　this　castle　and　the　adjoining　island；　in　calling　them　the　mansion　and　island　of　Pyrrhus：　　a　much　more　natural　and　congenial　conjecture　may　be　made　in　supposing　Maenor　Pyrr　to　be　derived　from　Maenor；　a　Manor；　and　Pyrr　the　plural　of　Por；　a　lord；　i。e。　the　Manor　of　the　lords；　and；　consequently；　Inys　Pyrr；　the　Island　of　the　lords。　　As　no　mention　whatever　is　made　of　the　castle　in　the　Welsh　Chronicle；　I　am　inclined　to　think　it　was　only　a　castellated　mansion；　and　therefore　considered　of　no　military　importance　in　those　days　of　continued　warfare　throughout　Wales。　　It　is　one　of　the　most　interesting　spots　in　our　author's　Itinerary；　for　it　was　the　property　of　the　Barri　family；　and　the　birth…place　of　Giraldus；　in　the　parish　church；　the　sepulchral　effigy　of　a　near　relation；　perhaps　a　brother；　is　still　extant；　in　good　preservation。　Our　author　has　evidently　made　a　digression　in　order　to　describe　this　place。

｛114｝　　The　house　of　Stephen　Wiriet　was；　I　presume；　Orielton。　　There　is　a　monument　in　the　church　of　St。　Nicholas；　at　Pembroke；　to　the　memory　of　John；　son　and　heir　of　Sir　Hugh　Owen；　of　Bodeon　in　Anglesea；　knight；　and　Elizabeth；　daughter　and　heir　of　George　Wiriet；　of　Orielton；　A。D。　1612。

｛115｝　　The　family　name　of　Not；　or　Nott；　still　exists　in　Pembrokeshire。　　＇The　descendants　of　Sir　Hugh　continued　to　live　at　Orielton；　and　the　title　is　still　in　existence。＇

｛116｝　　There　are　two　churches　in　Pembrokeshire　called　Stackpoole；　one　of　which；　called　Stackpoole　Elidor；　derived　its　name　probably　from　the　Elidore　de　Stakepole　mentioned　in　this　chapter　by　Giraldus。　It　contains　several　ancient　monuments；　and　amongst　them　the　effigies　of　a　cross…legged　knight；　which　has　been　for　many　years　attributed　to　the　aforesaid　Elidore。

｛117｝　　Ramsey　Island；　near　St。　David's；　was　always　famous　for　its　breed　of　falcons。

｛118｝　　Camros；　a　small　village；　containing　nothing　worthy　of　remark；　excepting　a　large　tumulus。　　It　appears；　by　this　route　of　the　Crusaders；　that　the　ancient　road　to　Menevia；　or　St。　David's；　led　through　Camros；　whereas　the　present　turnpike　road　lies　a　mile　and　a　half　to　the　left　of　it。　　It　then　descends　to　Niwegal　Sands；　and　passes　near　the　picturesque　little　harbour　of　Solvach；　situated　in　a　deep　and　narrow　cove；　surrounded　by　high　rocks。

｛119｝　　The　remains　of　vast　submerged　forests　are　commonly　found　on　many　parts　of　the　coast　of　Wales；　especially　in　the　north。　　Giraldus　has　elsewhere　spoken　of　this　event　in　the　Vaticinal　History；　book　i。　chap。　35。

｛120｝　　Giraldus；　ever　glad　to　pun　upon　words；　here　opposes　the　word　NOMEN　to　OMEN。　　〃Plus　nominis　habens　quem　ominis。〃　　He　may　have　perhaps　borrowed　this　expression　from　Plautus。　　Plautus　Delphini；　tom。　ii。　　p。　27。　…　Actus　iv。；　Scena　iv。

｛121｝　　Armorica　is　derived　from　the　Celtic　words　Ar　and　Mor；　which　signify　on　or　near　the　sea；　and　so　called　to　distinguish　it　from　the　more　inland　parts　of　Britany。　　The　maritime　cities　of　Gaul　were　called　〃Armoricae　civitates　…　Universis　civitatibus　quae　oceanum　attingunt；　quaeque　Gallorum　consuetudine　Armoricae　appellantur。〃　…　Caesar。　　Comment；　lib。　vii。

｛122｝　　The　bishops　of　Hereford；　Worcester；　Llandaff；　Bangor；　St。　Asaph；　Llanbadarn；　and　Margam；　or　Glamorgan。

｛123｝　　The　value　of　the　carucate　is　rather　uncertain；　or；　probably；　it　varied　in　different　districts　according　to　the　character　of　the　land；　but　it　is　considered　to　have　been　usually　equivalent　to　a　hide；　that　is；　to　about　240　statute　acres。

｛124｝　　This　little　brook　does　not；　in　modern　times；　deserve　the　title　here　given　to　it　by　Giraldus；　for　it　produces　trout　of　a　most　delicious　flavour。

｛125｝　　See　the　Vaticinal　History；　book　i。　c。　37。

｛126｝　Lechlavar；　so　called　from　the　words　in　Welsh；　Llec；　a　stone；　and　Llavar；　speech。

｛127｝　　Cemmeis；　Cemmaes；　Kemes；　and　Kemeys。　　Thus　is　the　name　of　this　district　variously　spelt。　　Cemmaes　in　Welsh　signifies　a　circle　or　amphitheatre　for　games。

｛128｝　　＇Cardigan。＇

｛129｝　　There　is　place　in　Cemmaes　now　called　Tre…liffan；　i。e。　Toad's　town；　and　over　a　chimney…piece　in　the　house　there　is　a　figure　of　a　toad　sculptured　in　marble；　said　to　have　been　brought　from　Italy；　and　intended　probably　to　confirm　and　commemorate　this　tradition　of　Giraldus。

｛130｝　　Preseleu；　Preselaw；　Prescelly；　Presselw。

｛131｝　　St。　Bernacus　is　said；　by　Cressy；　to　have　been　a　man　of　admirable　sanctity；　who；　through　devotion；　made　a　journey　to　Rome；　and　from　thence　returning　into　Britany；　filled　all　places　with　the　fame　of　his　piety　and　miracles。　　He　is　commemorated　on　the　7th　of　April。　　Several　churches　in　Wales　were　dedicated　to　him；　one　of　which；　called　Llanfyrnach；　or　the　church　of　St。　Bernach；　is　situated　on　the　eastern　side　of　the　Prescelley　mountain。

｛132｝　　The　〃castrum　apud　Lanhever〃　was　at　Nevern；　a　small　village　between　Newport　and　Cardigan；　situated　on　the　banks　of　a　little　river　bearing　the　same　name　which　discharges　itself　into　the　sea　at　Newport。　　On　a　hill　immediately　above　the　western　side　of　the　parish　church；　is　the　site　of　a　large　castle；　undoubtedly　the　one　alluded　to　by　Giraldus。

｛133｝　　On　the　Cemmaes；　or　Pembrokeshire　side　of　the　river　Teivi；　and　near　the　end　of　the　bridge；　there　is　a　place　still　called　Park　y　Cappel；　or　the　Chapel　Field；　which　is　undoubtedly　commemorative　of　the　circumstance　recorded　by　our　author。

｛134｝　　Now　known　by　the　name　of　Kenarth；　which　may　be　derived　from　Cefn　y　garth　…　the　back　of　the　wear；　a　ridge　of　land　behind　the　wear。

｛135｝　　The　name　of　St。　Ludoc　is　not　found　in　the　lives　of　the　saints。　　Leland　mentions　a　St。　Clitauc；　who　had　a　church　dedicated　to　him　in　South　Wales；　and　who　was　killed　by　some　of　his　companions　whilst　hunting。　　〃Clitaucus　Southe…Walliae　regulus　inter　venandum　a　suis　sodalibus　occisus　est。　　Ecciesia　S。　Clitauci　in　Southe　Wallia。〃　…　Leland；　Itin。；　tom。　viii。　p。　95。

｛136｝　　The　Teivy　is　still　very　justly　distinguished　for　the　quantity　and　quality　of　its　salmon；　but　the　beaver　no　longer　disturbs　its　streams。　　That　this　animal　did　exist　in　the　days　of　Howel　Dha　（though　even　then　a　rarity）；　the　mention　made　of　it　in　his　laws；　and　the　high　price　set　upon　its　skin；　most　clearly　evince；　but　if　the　castor　of　Giraldus；　and　the　avanc　of　Humphrey　Llwyd　and　of　the　Welsh　dictionaries；　be　really　the　same　animal；　it　certainly　was　not　peculiar　to　the　Teivi；　but　was　equally　known　in　North　Wales；　as　the　names　of　places　testify。　　A　small　lake　in　Montgomeryshire　is　called　Llyn　yr　Afangc；　a　pool　in　the　river　Conwy；　not　far　from　Bettws；　bears　the　same　name；　and　the　vale　called　Nant　Ffrancon；　upon　the　river　Ogwen；　in　Caernarvonshire；　is　supposed　by　the　natives　to　be　a　corruption　from　Nant　yr　Afan　cwm；　or　the　Vale　of　the　Beavers。　　Mr。　Owen；　in　his　dictionary；　says；　〃That　it　has　been　seen　in　this　vale　within　the　memory　of　man。〃　　Giraldus　has　previously　spoken　of　the　beaver　in　his　Topography　of　Ireland；　Distinc。　i。　c。　21。

｛137｝　　Our　author　having　made　a　long　digression；　in　order　to　introduce　the　history　of　the　beaver；　now　continues　his　Itinerary。　From　Cardigan；　the　archbishop　proceeded　towards　Pont…Stephen；　leaving　a　hill；　called　Cruc　Mawr；　on　the　left　hand；　which　still　retains　its　ancient　name；　and　agrees　exactly　with　the　position　given　to　it　by　Giraldus。　　On　its　summit　is　a　tumulus；　and　some　appearance　of　an　intrenchment。

｛138｝　　In　1135。

｛139｝　　Lampeter；　or　Llanbedr；　a　small　town　near　the　river　Teivi；　still　retains　the　name　of　Pont…Stephen。

｛140｝　　Leland　thus　speaks　of　Ystrad　Fflur　or　Strata　Florida：　〃Strateflere　is　set　round　about　with　montanes　not　far　distant；　except　on　the　west　parte；　where　Diffrin　Tyve　is。　　Many　hilles　therabout　hath　bene　well　woddid；　as　evidently　by　old　rotes　apperith；　but　now　in　them　is　almost　no　woode　…　the　causes　be　these。　　First；　the　wood　cut　down　was　never　copisid；　and　this　hath　beene　a　cause　of　destruction　of　wood　thorough　Wales。　　Secondly；　after　cutting　down　of　woodys；　the　gottys　hath　so　bytten　the　young　spring　that　it　never　grew　but　lyke　shrubbes。　　Thirddely；　men　for　the　monys　destroied　the　great　woddis　that　thei　should　not　harborow　theves。〃　　This　monastery　is　situated　in　the　wildest　part　of　Cardiganshire；　surrounded　on　three　sides　by　a　lofty　range　of　those　mountains；　called　by　our　author　Ellennith；　a　spot　admirably　suited　to　the　severe　and　recluse　order　of　the　Cistercians。

｛141｝　　＇Melenydd　or　Maelienydd。＇

｛142｝　　Leaving　Stratflur；　the　archbishop　and　his　train　returned　to　Llanddewi　Brefi；　and　from　thence　proceeded　to　Llanbadarn　Vawr。

｛143｝　　Llanbadarn　Fawr；　the　church　of　St