itinerary of archibishop-第30节

按键盘上方向键 ← 或 → 可快速上下翻页，按键盘上的 Enter 键可回到本书目录页，按键盘上方向键 ↑ 可回到本页顶部！
————未阅读完？加入书签已便下次继续阅读！



｛70｝　　Leland　divides　this　district　into　Low；　Middle；　and　High　Venteland；　extending　from　Chepstow　to　Newport　on　one　side；　and　to　Abergavenny　on　the　other；　the　latter　of　which；　he　says；　〃maketh　the　cumpace　of　Hye　Venteland。〃　　He　adds；　〃The　soyle　of　al　Venteland　is　of　a　darke　reddische　yerth　ful　of　slaty　stones；　and　other　greater　of　the　same　color。　　The　countrey　is　also　sumwhat　montayneus；　and　welle　replenishid　with　woodes；　also　very　fertyle　of　corne；　but　men　there　study　more　to　pastures；　the　which　be　well　inclosed。〃　…　Leland；　Itin。　tom。　v。　p。　6。　　Ancient　Gwentland　is　now　comprised　within　the　county　of　Monmouth。

｛71｝　　William　de　Salso　Marisco；　who　succeeded　to　the　bishopric　of　Llandaff；　A。D。　1185；　and　presided　over　that　see　during　the　time　of　Baldwin's　visitation；　in　1188。

｛72｝　　Alexander　was　the　fourth　archdeacon　of　the　see　of　Bangor。

｛73｝　　Once　at　Usk；　then　at　Caerleon；　and　afterwards　on　entering　the　town　of　Newport。

｛74｝　　Gouldcliffe；　or　Goldcliff；　is　situated　a　few　miles　S。E。　of　Newport；　on　the　banks　of　the　Severn。　　In　the　year　1113；　Robert　de　Candos　founded　and　endowed　the　church　of　Goldclive；　and；　by　the　advice　of　king　Henry　I。；　gave　it　to　the　abbey　of　Bec；　in　Normandy；　its　religious　establishment　consisted　of　a　prior　and　twelve　monks　of　the　order　of　St。　Benedict。

｛75｝　　＇Geoffrey　of　Monmouth。＇

｛76｝　　The　Cistercian　abbey　here　alluded　to　was　known　by　the　several　names　of　Ystrat　Marchel；　Strata　Marcella；　Alba　domus　de　Stratmargel；　Vallis　Crucis；　or　Pola；　and　was　situated　between　Guilsfield　and　Welshpool；　in　Montgomeryshire。　　Authors　differ　in　opinion　about　its　original　founder。　　Leland　attributes　it　to　Owen　Cyveilioc；　prince　of　Powys；　and　Dugdale　to　Madoc；　the　son　of　Gruffydh；　giving　for　his　authority　the　original　grants　and　endowments　of　this　abbey。　According　to　Tanner；　about　the　beginning　of　the　reign　of　king　Edward　III。；　the　Welsh　monks　were　removed　from　hence　into　English　abbeys；　and　English　monks　were　placed　here；　and　the　abbey　was　made　subject　to　the　visitation　of　the　abbot　and　convent　of　Buildwas；　in　Shropshire。

｛77｝　　Cardiff；　i。e。；　the　fortress　on　the　river　Taf。

｛78｝　　Gwentluc　…　so　called　from　Gwent；　the　name　of　the　province；　and　llug；　open；　to　distinguish　it　from　the　upper　parts　of　Wentland；　is　an　extensive　tract　of　flat；　marshy　ground；　reaching　from　Newport　to　the　shores　of　the　river　Severn。

｛79｝　　Nant　Pencarn；　or　the　brook　of　Pencarn。　…　After　a　very　attentive　examination　of　the　country　round　Newport；　by　natives　of　that　place；　and　from　the　information　I　have　received　on　the　subject；　I　am　inclined　to　think　that　the　river　here　alluded　to　was　the　Ebwy；　which　flows　about　a　mile　and　a　half　south　of　Newport。　　Before　the　new　turnpike　road　and　bridge　were　made　across　Tredegar　Park；　the　old　road　led　to　a　ford　lower　down　the　river；　and　may　still　be　travelled　as　far　as　Cardiff；　and　was　probably　the　ford　mentioned　in　the　text；　as　three　old　farm…houses　in　its　neighbourhood　still　retain　the　names　of　Great　Pencarn；　Little　Pencarn；　and　Middle　Pencarn。

｛80｝　　Robert　Fitz…Hamon；　earl　of　Astremeville；　in　Normandy；　came　into　England　with　William　the　Conqueror；　and；　by　the　gift　of　William　Rufus；　obtained　the　honour　of　Gloucester。　　He　was　wounded　with　a　spear　at　the　siege　of　Falaise；　in　Normandy；　died　soon　afterwards；　and　was　buried；　A。D。　1102；　in　the　abbey　of　Tewkesbury；　which　he　had　founded。　　Leaving　no　male　issue；　king　Henry　gave　his　eldest　daughter；　Mabel；　or　Maude；　who；　in　her　own　right；　had　the　whole　honour　of　Gloucester；　to　his　illegitimate　son　Robert；　who　was　advanced　to　the　earldom　of　Gloucester　by　the　king；　his　father。　　He　died　A。D。　1147；　and　left　four　sons：　　William；　the　personage　here　mentioned　by　Giraldus；　who　succeeded　him　in　his　titles　and　honours；　Roger；　bishop　of　Worcester；　who　died　at　Tours　in　France；　A。D。　1179；　Hamon；　who　died　at　the　siege　of　Toulouse；　A。D。　1159；　and　Philip。

｛81｝　　The　Coychurch　Manuscript　quoted　by　Mr。　Williams；　in　his　History　of　Monmouthshire；　asserts　that　Morgan；　surnamed　Mwyn…fawr；　or　the　Gentle；　the　son　of　Athrwy；　not　having　been　elected　to　the　chief　command　of　the　British　armies；　upon　his　father's　death　retired　from　Caerleon；　and　took　up　his　residence　in　Glamorganshire；　sometimes　at　Radyr；　near　Cardiff；　and　at　other　times　at　Margam；　and　from　this　event　the　district　derived　its　name；　quasi　Gwlad…Morgan；　the　country　of　Morgan。

｛82｝　　St。　Piranus；　otherwise　called　St。　Kiaran；　or　Piran；　was　an　Irish　saint；　said　to　have　been　born　in　the　county　of　Ossory；　or　of　Cork；　about　the　middle　of　the　fourth　century；　and　after　that　by　his　labours　the　Gospel　had　made　good　progress；　he　forsook　all　worldly　things；　and　spent　the　remainder　of　his　life　in　religious　solitude。　The　place　of　his　retirement　was　on　the　sea…coast　of　Cornwall；　and　not　far　from　Padstow；　where；　as　Camden　informs　us；　there　was　a　chapel　on　the　sands　erected　to　his　memory。　　Leland　has　informed　us；　that　the　chapel　of　St。　Perine；　at　Caerdiff；　stood　in　Shoemaker　Street。

｛83｝　　So　called　from　a　parish　of　that　name　in　Glamorganshire；　situated　between　Monk　Nash　and　St。　Donat's；　upon　the　Bristol　Channel。

｛84｝　　Barri　Island　is　situated　on　the　coast　of　Glamorganshire；　and；　according　to　Cressy；　took　its　name　from　St。　Baruc；　the　hermit；　who　resided；　and　was　buried　there。　　The　Barrys　in　Ireland；　as　well　as　the　family　of　Giraldus；　who　were　lords　of　it；　are　said　to　have　derived　their　names　from　this　island。　　Leland；　in　speaking　of　this　island；　says；　〃The　passage　into　Barrey　isle　at　ful　se　is　a　flite　shot　over；　as　much　as　the　Tamise　is　above　the　bridge。　　At　low　water；　there　is　a　broken　causey　to　go　over；　or　els　over　the　shalow　streamelet　of　Barrey…brook　on　the　sands。　　The　isle　is　about　a　mile　in　cumpace；　and　hath　very　good　corne；　grasse；　and　sum　wood；　the　ferme　of　it　worth　a　10　pounds　a　yere。　　There　ys　no　dwelling　in　the　isle；　but　there　is　in　the　middle　of　it　a　fair　little　chapel　of　St。　Barrok；　where　much　pilgrimage　was　usid。〃　　＇The　〃fair　little　chapel〃　has　disappeared；　and　〃Barry　Island〃　is　now；　since　the　construction　of　the　great　dock；　connected　with　the　mainland；　it　is　covered　with　houses；　and　its　estimated　capital　value　is　now　250；000　pounds＇。

｛85｝　　William　de　Salso　Marisco。

｛86｝　　The　see　of　Llandaff　is　said　to　have　been　founded　by　the　British　king　Lucius　as　early　as　the　year　180。

｛87｝　　From　Llandaff；　our　crusaders　proceeded　towards　the　Cistercian　monastery　of　Margam；　passing　on　their　journey　near　the　little　cell　of　Benedictines　at　Ewenith；　or　Ewenny。　　This　religious　house　was　founded　by　Maurice　de　Londres　towards　the　middle　of　the　twelfth　century。　　It　is　situated　in　a　marshy　plain　near　the　banks　of　the　little　river　Ewenny。

｛88｝　　The　Cistercian　monastery　of　Margam；　justly　celebrated　for　the　extensive　charities　which　its　members　exercised；　was　founded　A。D。　1147；　by　Robert　earl　of　Gloucester；　who　died　in　the　same　year。　　Of　this　once…famed　sanctuary　nothing　now　remains　but　the　shell　of　its　chapter…house；　which；　by　neglect；　has　lost　its　most　ornamental　parts。　　When　Mr。　Wyndham　made　the　tour　of　Wales　in　the　year　1777；　this　elegant　building　was　entire；　and　was　accurately　drawn　and　engraved　by　his　orders。

｛89｝　　In　continuing　their　journey　from　Neath　to　Swansea；　our　travellers　directed　their　course　by　the　sea…coast　to　the　river　Avon；　which　they　forded；　and；　continuing　their　road　along　the　sands；　were　probably　ferried　over　the　river　Neath；　at　a　place　now　known　by　the　name　of　Breton　Ferry；　leaving　the　monastery　of　Neath　at　some　distance　to　the　right：　　from　thence　traversing　another　tract　of　sands；　and　crossing　the　river　Tawe；　they　arrived　at　the　castle　of　Swansea；　where　they　passed　the　night。

｛90｝　　The　monastery　of　Neath　was　situated　on　the　banks　of　a　river　bearing　the　same　name；　about　a　mile　to　the　westward　of　the　town　and　castle。　　It　was　founded　in　1112；　by　Richard　de　Grainville；　or　Greenefeld；　and　Constance；　his　wife；　for　the　safety　of　the　souls　of　Robert；　earl　of　Gloucester；　Maude；　his　wife；　and　William；　his　son。　Richard　de　Grainville　was　one　of　the　twelve　Norman　knights　who　accompanied　Robert　Fitz…Hamon；　and　assisted　him　in　the　conquest　of　Glamorganshire。　　In　the　time　of　Leland　this　abbey　was　in　a　high　state　of　preservation；　for　he　says；　〃Neth　abbay　of　white　monkes；　a　mile　above　Neth　town；　standing　in　the　ripe　of　Neth；　semid　to　me　the　fairest　abbay　of　al　Wales。〃　…　Leland；　Itin。　tom。　v。　p。　14。　　The　remains　of　the　abbey　and　of　the　adjoining　priory…house　are　considerable；　but　this　ancient　retirement　of　the　grey　and　white　monks　is　now　occupied　by　the　inhabitants　of　the　neighbouring　copper…　works。

｛91｝　　Gower；　the　western　district　of　Glamorganshire；　appears　to　have　been　first　conquered　by　Henry　de　Newburg；　earl　of　Warwick；　soon　after　Robert；　duke　of　Gloucester；　had　made　the　conquest　of　the　other　part　of　Glamorganshire。

｛92｝　　Sweynsei；　Swansea；　or　Abertawe；　situated　at　the　confluence　of　the　river　Tawe　with　the　Severn　sea；　is　a　town　of　considerable　commerce；　and　much　frequented　during　the　summer　months　as　a　bathing…　place。　　The　old　castle；　now　made　use　of　as　a　prison；　is　so　surrounded　by　houses　in　the　middle　of　the　town；　that　a　stranger　might　visit　Swansea　without　knowing　that　such　a　building　existed。　The　Welsh　Chronicle　informs　us；　that　it　was　built　by　Henry　de　Beaumont；　earl　of　Warwick；　and　that　in　the　year　1113　it　was