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f　the　faith；　profitably　and　happily　engaged　for　the　service　of　Christ；　if　the　expedition　of　the　Holy　Cross　had　been　forwarded　with　an　alacrity　equal　to　the　diligence　and　devotion　with　which　the　forces　were　collected。　　But　by　the　secret；　though　never　unjust；　judgment　of　God；　the　journey　of　the　Roman　emperor　was　delayed；　and　dissensions　arose　amongst　our　kings。　　The　premature　and　fatal　hand　of　death　arrested　the　king　of　Sicily；　who　had　been　the　foremost　sovereign　in　supplying　the　holy　land　with　corn　and　provisions　during　the　period　of　their　distress。　　In　consequence　of　his　death；　violent　contentions　arose　amongst　our　princes　respecting　their　several　rights　to　the　kingdom；　and　the　faithful　beyond　sea　suffered　severely　by　want　and　famine；　surrounded　on　all　sides　by　enemies；　and　most　anxiously　waiting　for　supplies。　　But　as　affliction　may　strengthen　the　understanding；　as　gold　is　tried　by　fire；　and　virtue　may　be　confirmed　in　weakness；　these　things　are　suffered　to　happen；　since　adversity　（as　Gregory　testifies）　opposed　to　good　prayers　is　the　probation　of　virtue；　not　the　judgment　of　reproof。　　For　who　does　not　know　how　fortunate　a　circumstance　it　was　that　Paul　went　to　Italy；　and　suffered　so　dreadful　a　shipwreck？　　But　the　ship　of　his　heart　remained　unbroken　amidst　the　waves　of　the　sea。



CHAPTER　XIV



A　description　of　Baldwin；　archbishop　of　Canterbury　｛193｝


Let　it　not　be　thought　superfluous　to　describe　the　exterior　and　inward　qualities　of　that　person；　the　particulars　of　whose　embassy；　and　as　it　were　holy　peregrination；　we　have　briefly　and　succinctly　related。　　He　was　a　man　of　a　dark　complexion；　of　an　open　and　venerable　countenance；　of　a　moderate　stature；　a　good　person；　and　rather　inclined　to　be　thin　than　corpulent。　　He　was　a　modest　and　grave　man；　of　so　great　abstinence　and　continence；　that　ill　report　scarcely　ever　presumed　to　say　any　thing　against　him；　a　man　of　few　words；　slow　to　anger；　temperate　and　moderate　in　all　his　passions　and　affections；　swift　to　hear；　slow　to　speak；　he　was　from　an　early　age　well　instructed　in　literature；　and　bearing　the　yoke　of　the　Lord　from　his　youth；　by　the　purity　of　his　morals　became　a　distinguished　luminary　to　the　people；　wherefore　voluntarily　resigning　the　honour　of　the　archlevite；　｛194｝　which　he　had　canonically　obtained；　and　despising　the　pomps　and　vanities　of　the　world；　he　assumed　with　holy　devotion　the　habit　of　the　Cistercian　order；　and　as　he　had　been　formerly　more　than　a　monk　in　his　manners；　within　the　space　of　a　year　he　was　appointed　abbot；　and　in　a　few　years　afterwards　preferred　first　to　a　bishopric；　and　then　to　an　archbishopric；　and　having　been　found　faithful　in　a　little；　had　authority　given　him　over　much。　　But；　as　Cicero　says；　〃Nature　had　made　nothing　entirely　perfect；〃　when　he　came　into　power；　not　laying　aside　that　sweet　innate　benignity　which　he　had　always　shewn　when　a　private　man；　sustaining　his　people　with　his　staff　rather　than　chastising　them　with　rods；　feeding　them　as　it　were　with　the　milk　of　a　mother；　and　not　making　use　of　the　scourges　of　the　father；　he　incurred　public　scandal　for　his　remissness。　　So　great　was　his　lenity　that　he　put　an　end　to　all　pastoral　rigour；　and　was　a　better　monk　than　abbot；　a　better　bishop　than　archbishop。　Hence　pope　Urban　addressed　him；　〃Urban；　servant　of　the　servants　of　God；　to　the　most　fervent　monk；　to　the　warm　abbot；　to　the　luke…warm　bishop；　to　the　remiss　archbishop；　health；　etc。〃

This　second　successor　to　the　martyr　Thomas；　having　heard　of　the　insults　offered　to　our　Saviour　and　his　holy　cross；　was　amongst　the　first　who　signed　themselves　with　the　cross；　and　manfully　assumed　the　office　of　preaching　its　service　both　at　home　and　in　the　most　remote　parts　of　the　kingdom。　　Pursuing　his　journey　to　the　Holy　Land；　he　embarked　on　board　a　vessel　at　Marseilles；　and　landed　safely　in　a　port　at　Tyre；　from　whence　he　proceeded　to　Acre；　where　he　found　our　army　both　attacking　and　attacked；　our　forces　dispirited　by　the　defection　of　the　princes；　and　thrown　into　a　state　of　desolation　and　despair；　fatigued　by　long　expectation　of　supplies；　greatly　afflicted　by　hunger　and　want；　and　distempered　by　the　inclemency　of　the　air：　finding　his　end　approaching；　he　embraced　his　fellow　subjects；　relieving　their　wants　by　liberal　acts　of　charity　and　pious　exhortations；　and　by　the　tenor　of　his　life　and　actions　strengthened　them　in　the　faith；　whose　ways；　life；　and　deeds；　may　he　who　is　alone　the　〃way；　the　truth；　and　the　life；〃　the　way　without　offence；　the　truth　without　doubt；　and　the　life　without　end；　direct　in　truth；　together　with　the　whole　body　of　the　faithful；　and　for　the　glory　of　his　name　and　the　palm　of　faith　which　he　hath　planted；　teach　their　hands　to　war；　and　their　fingers　to　fight。



Footnotes：


｛1｝　　It　is　a　somewhat　curious　coincidence　that　the　island　of　Barry　is　now　owned　by　a　descendant　of　Gerald　de　Windor's　elder　brother　…　the　Earl　of　Plymouth。

｛2｝　　〃Mirror　of　the　Church；〃　ii。　33。

｛3｝　　〃Social　England；〃　vol。　i。　p。　342。

｛4｝　　Published　in　the　first　instance　in　the　〃Transactions　of　the　Cymmrodaian　Society；〃　and　subsequently　amplified　and　brought　out　in　book　form。

｛5｝　　Introduction　to　Borrow's　〃Wild　Wales〃　in　the　Everyman　Series。

｛6｝　　Geoffrey；　who　ended　his　life　as　Bishop　of　St。　Asaph；　was　supposed　to　have　found　the　material　for　his　〃History　of　the　British　Kings〃　in　a　Welsh　book；　containing　a　history　of　the　Britons；　which　Waltor　Colenius；　Archdeacon　of　Oxford；　picked　up　during　a　journey　in　Brittany。

｛7｝　　Walter　Map；　another　Archdeacon　of　Oxford；　was　born　in　Glamorganshire；　the　son　of　a　Norman　knight　by　a　Welsh　mother。　　Inter　alia　he　was　the　author　of　a　Welsh　work　on　agriculture。

｛8｝　　Green；　〃Hist。　Eng。　People；〃　i。　172。

｛9｝　　〃England　under　the　Angevin　Kings；〃　vol。　ii。　457。

｛10｝　　Project　Gutenberg　has　released　〃The　Description　of　Wales〃　as　a　separate　eText　…　David　Price。

｛11｝　　Giraldus　has　committed　an　error　in　placing　Urban　III。　at　the　head　of　the　apostolic　see；　for　he　died　at　Ferrara　in　the　month　of　October；　A。D。　1187；　and　was　succeeded　by　Gregory　VIII。；　whose　short　reign　expired　in　the　month　of　December　following。　　Clement　III。　was　elected　pontiff　in　the　year　1188。　　Frederick　I。；　surnamed　Barbarossa；　succeeded　Conrad　III。　in　the　empire　of　Germany；　in　March；　1152；　and　was　drowned　in　a　river　of　Cilicia　whilst　bathing；　in　1190。　　Isaac　Angelus　succeeded　Andronicus　I。　as　emperor　of　Constantinople；　in　1185；　and　was　dethroned　in　1195。　　Philip　II。；　surnamed　Augustus；　from　his　having　been　born　in　the　month　of　August；　was　crowned　at　Rheims；　in　1179；　and　died　at　Mantes；　in　1223。　William　II。；　king　of　Sicily；　surnamed　the　Good；　succeeded　in　1166　to　his　father；　William　the　Bad；　and　died　in　1189。　　Bela　III。；　king　of　Hungary；　succeeded　to　the　throne　in　1174；　and　died　in　1196。　　Guy　de　Lusignan　was　crowned　king　of　Jerusalem　in　1186；　and　in　the　following　year　his　city　was　taken　by　the　victorious　Saladin。

｛12｝　　New　Radnor。

｛13｝　　Rhys　ap　Gruffydd　was　grandson　to　Rhys　ap　Tewdwr；　prince　of　South　Wales；　who；　in　1090；　was　slain　in　an　engagement　with　the　Normans。　　He　was　a　prince　of　great　talent；　but　great　versatility　of　character；　and　made　a　conspicuous　figure　in　Welsh　history。　　He　died　in　1196；　and　was　buried　in　the　cathedral　of　St。　David's；　where　his　effigy；　as　well　as　that　of　his　son　Rhys　Gryg；　still　remain　in　a　good　state　of　preservation。

｛14｝　　Peter　de　Leia；　prior　of　the　Benedictine　monastery　of　Wenlock；　in　Shropshire；　was　the　successful　rival　of　Giraldus　for　the　bishopric　of　Saint　David's；　vacant　by　the　death　of　David　Fitzgerald；　the　uncle　of　our　author；　but　he　did　not　obtain　his　promotion　without　considerable　opposition　from　the　canons；　who　submitted　to　the　absolute　sequestration　of　their　property　before　they　consented　to　his　election；　being　desirous　that　the　nephew　should　have　succeeded　his　uncle。　　He　was　consecrated　in　1176；　and　died　in　1199。

｛15｝　　In　the　Latin　of　Giraldus；　the　name　of　Eineon　is　represented　by　AEneas；　and　Eineon　Clyd　by　AEneas　Claudius。

｛16｝　　Cruker　Castle。　　The　corresponding　distance　between　Old　and　New　Radnor　evidently　places　this　castle　at　Old　Radnor；　which　was　anciently　called　Pen…y…craig；　Pencraig；　or　Pen…crug；　from　its　situation　on　a　rocky　eminence。　　Cruker　is　a　corruption；　probably；

from　Crug…caerau；　the　mount；　or　height；　of　the　fortifications。

｛17｝　　Buelth　or　Builth；　a　large　market　town　on　the　north…west　edge　of　the　county　of　Brecon；　on　the　southern　banks　of　the　Wye；　over　which　there　is　a　long　and　handsome　bridge　of　stone。　　It　had　formerly　a　strong　castle；　the　site　and　earthworks　of　which　still　remain；　but　the　building　is　destroyed。

｛18｝　　Llan…Avan；　a　small　church　at　the　foot　of　barren　mountains　about　five　or　six　miles　north…west　of　Buelth。　　The　saint　from　whom　it　takes　its　name；　was　one　of　the　sons　of　Cedig　ab　Cunedda；　whose　ancestor；　Cunedda；　king　of　the　Britons；　was　the　head　of　one　of　the　three　holy　families　of　Britain。　　He　is　said　to　have　lived　in　the　beginning　of　the　sixth　century。

｛19｝　Melenia；　Warthrenion；　Elevein；　Elvenia；　Melenyth；　and　Elvein；　places　mentioned　in　this　first　chapter；　and　varying　in　their　orthography；　were　three　different　districts　in　Radnorshire：　Melenyth　is　a　hundred　in　the　northern　part　of　the　county；　extending　into　Montgomeryshire；　in　which　is　the　church　of　Keri：　　Elvein　retains　in　modern　days