itinerary of archibishop-第21节
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CHAPTER III
Of the river Teivi； Cardigan； and Emelyn
The noble river Teivi flows here； and abounds with the finest salmon； more than any other river of Wales； it has a productive fishery near Cilgerran； which is situated on the summit of a rock； at a place called Canarch Mawr； ｛134｝ the ancient residence of St。 Ludoc； where the river； falling from a great height； forms a cataract； which the salmon ascend； by leaping from the bottom to the top of a rock； which is about the height of the longest spear； and would appear wonderful； were it not the nature of that species of fish to leap： hence they have received the name of salmon； from salio。 Their particular manner of leaping （as I have specified in my Topography of Ireland） is thus： fish of this kind； naturally swimming against the course of the river （for as birds fly against the wind； so do fish swim against the stream）； on meeting with any sudden obstacle； bend their tail towards their mouth； and sometimes； in order to give a greater power to their leap； they press it with their mouth； and suddenly freeing themselves from this circular form； they spring with great force （like a bow let loose） from the bottom to the top of the leap； to the great astonishment of the beholders。 The church dedicated to St。 Ludoc； ｛135｝ the mill； bridge； salmon leap； an orchard with a delightful garden； all stand together on a small plot of ground。 The Teivi has another singular particularity； being the only river in Wales； or even in England； which has beavers； ｛136｝ in Scotland they are said to be found in one river； but are very scarce。 I think it not a useless labour； to insert a few remarks respecting the nature of these animals … the manner in which they bring their materials from the woods to the water； and with what skill they connect them in the construction of their dwellings in the midst of rivers； their means of defence on the eastern and western sides against hunters； and also concerning their fish…like tails。
The beavers； in order to construct their castles in the middle of rivers； make use of the animals of their own species instead of carts； who； by a wonderful mode of carnage； convey the timber from the woods to the rivers。 Some of them； obeying the dictates of nature； receive on their bellies the logs of wood cut off by their associates； which they hold tight with their feet； and thus with transverse pieces placed in their mouths； are drawn along backwards； with their cargo； by other beavers； who fasten themselves with their teeth to the raft。 The moles use a similar artifice in clearing out the dirt from the cavities they form by scraping。 In some deep and still corner of the river； the beavers use such skill in the construction of their habitations； that not a drop of water can penetrate； or the force of storms shake them； nor do they fear any violence but that of mankind； nor even that； unless well armed。 They entwine the branches of willows with other wood； and different kinds of leaves； to the usual height of the water； and having made within…side a communication from floor to floor； they elevate a kind of stage； or scaffold； from which they may observe and watch the rising of the waters。 In the course of time； their habitations bear the appearance of a grove of willow trees； rude and natural without； but artfully constructed within。 This animal can remain in or under water at its pleasure； like the frog or seal； who shew； by the smoothness or roughness of their skins； the flux and reflux of the sea。 These three animals； therefore； live indifferently under the water； or in the air； and have short legs； broad bodies； stubbed tails； and resemble the mole in their corporal shape。 It is worthy of remark； that the beaver has but four teeth； two above； and two below； which being broad and sharp； cut like a carpenter's axe； and as such he uses them。 They make excavations and dry hiding places in the banks near their dwellings； and when they hear the stroke of the hunter； who with sharp poles endeavours to penetrate them； they fly as soon as possible to the defence of their castle； having first blown out the water from the entrance of the hole； and rendered it foul and muddy by scraping the earth； in order thus artfully to elude the stratagems of the well…armed hunter； who is watching them from the opposite banks of the river。 When the beaver finds he cannot save himself from the pursuit of the dogs who follow him； that he may ransom his body by the sacrifice of a part； he throws away that； which by natural instinct he knows to be the object sought for； and in the sight of the hunter castrates himself； from which circumstance he has gained the name of Castor； and if by chance the dogs should chase an animal which had been previously castrated； he has the sagacity to run to an elevated spot； and there lifting up his leg； shews the hunter that the object of his pursuit is gone。 Cicero speaking of them says； 〃They ransom themselves by that part of the body； for which they are chiefly sought。〃 And Juvenal says；
〃 … Qui se Eunuchum ipse facit； cupiens evadere damno Testiculi。〃
And St。 Bernard；
〃Prodit enim castor proprio de corpore velox Reddere quas sequitur hostis avarus opes。〃
Thus； therefore； in order to preserve his skin； which is sought after in the west； and the medicinal part of his body； which is coveted in the east； although he cannot save himself entirely； yet； by a wonderful instinct and sagacity； he endeavours to avoid the stratagems of his pursuers。 The beavers have broad； short tails； thick； like the palm of a hand； which they use as a rudder in swimming； and although the rest of their body is hairy； this part； like that of seals； is without hair； and smooth； upon which account； in Germany and the arctic regions； where beavers abound； great and religious persons； in times of fasting； eat the tails of this fish… like animal； as having both the taste and colour of fish。
We proceeded on our journey from Cilgerran towards Pont…Stephen； ｛137｝ leaving Cruc Mawr； i。e。 the great hill； near Aberteivi； on our left hand。 On this spot Gruffydd； son of Rhys ap Tewdwr； soon after the death of king Henry I。； by a furious onset gained a signal victory against the English army； which； by the murder of the illustrious Richard de Clare； near Abergevenny （before related）； had lost its leader and chief。 ｛138｝ A tumulus is to be seen on the summit of the aforesaid hill； and the inhabitants affirm that it will adapt itself to persons of all stature and that if any armour is left there entire in the evening； it will be found； according to vulgar tradition； broken to pieces in the morning。
CHAPTER IV
Of the journey by Pont Stephen； the abbey of Stratflur； Landewi Brevi； and Lhanpadarn Vawr
A sermon having been preached on the following morning at Pont Stephen； ｛139｝ by the archbishop and archdeacon； and also by two abbots of the Cistercian order； John of Albadomus； and Sisillus of Stratflur； ｛140｝ who faithfully attended us in those parts； and as far as North Wales； many persons were induced to take the cross。 We proceeded to Stratflur； where we passed the night。 On the following morning； having on our right the lofty mountains of Moruge； which in Welsh are called Ellennith； ｛141｝ we were met near the side of a wood by Cyneuric son of Rhys； accompanied by a body of light…armed youths。 This young man was of a fair complexion； with curled hair； tall and handsome； clothed only； according to the custom of his country； with a thin cloak and inner garment； his legs and feet； regardless of thorns and thistles were left bare； a man； not adorned by art； but nature； bearing in his presence an innate； not an acquired； dignity of manners。 A sermon having been preached to these three young men； Gruffydd； Malgon； and Cyneuric； in the presence of their father； prince Rhys； and the brothers disputing about taking the cross； at length Malgon strictly promised that he would accompany the archbishop to the king's court； and would obey the king's and archbishop's counsel； unless prevented by them。 From thence we passed through Landewi Brevi； ｛142｝ that is； the church of David of Brevi； situated on the summit of that hill which had formerly risen up under his feet whilst preaching； during the period of that celebrated synod； when all the bishops； abbots； and clergy of Wales； and many other persons； were collected thither on account of the Pelagian heresy； which； although formerly exploded from Britain by Germanus； bishop of Auxerre； had lately been revived in these parts。 At this place David was reluctantly raised to the archbishopric； by the unanimous consent and election of the whole assembly； who by loud acclamations testified their admiration of so great a miracle。 Dubricius had a short time before resigned to him this honour in due form at Caerleon； from which city the metropolitan see was transferred to St。 David's。
Having rested that night at Lhanpadarn Vawr； ｛143｝ or the church of Paternus the Great； we attracted many persons to the service of Christ on the following morning。 It is remarkable that this church； like many others in Wales and Ireland； has a lay abbot； for a bad custom has prevailed amongst the clergy； of appointing
