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King and Priest; not in a fleshly and earthly sense。 For His 
kingdom is not of this world; it is in heavenly and spiritual 
things that He reigns and acts as Priest; and these are 
righteousness; truth; wisdom; peace; salvation; etc。 Not but that 
all things; even those of earth and hell; are subject to Himfor 
otherwise how could He defend and save us from them?but it is 
not in these; nor by these; that His kingdom stands。

So; too; His priesthood does not consist in the outward display 
of vestments and gestures; as did the human priesthood of Aaron 
and our ecclesiastical priesthood at this day; but in spiritual 
things; wherein; in His invisible office; He intercedes for us 
with God in heaven; and there offers Himself; and performs all 
the duties of a priest; as Paul describes Him to the Hebrews 
under the figure of Melchizedek。 Nor does He only pray and 
intercede for us; He also teaches us inwardly in the spirit with 
the living teachings of His Spirit。 Now these are the two special 
offices of a priest; as is figured to us in the case of fleshly 
priests by visible prayers and sermons。

As Christ by His birthright has obtained these two dignities; so 
He imparts and communicates them to every believer in Him; under 
that law of matrimony of which we have spoken above; by which all 
that is the husband's is also the wife's。 Hence all we who 
believe on Christ are kings and priests in Christ; as it is said; 
〃Ye are a chosen generation; a royal priesthood; a holy nation; a 
peculiar people; that ye should show forth the praises of Him who 
hath called you out of darkness into His marvellous light〃 (1 
Peter ii。 9)。

These two things stand thus。 First; as regards kingship; every 
Christian is by faith so exalted above all things that; in 
spiritual power; he is completely lord of all things; so that 
nothing whatever can do him any hurt; yea; all things are subject 
to him; and are compelled to be subservient to his salvation。 
Thus Paul says; 〃All things work together for good to them who 
are the called〃 (Rom。 viii。 28); and also; 〃Whether life; or 
death; or things present; or things to come; all are yours; and 
ye are Christ's〃 (1 Cor。 iii。 22; 23)。

Not that in the sense of corporeal power any one among Christians 
has been appointed to possess and rule all things; according to 
the mad and senseless idea of certain ecclesiastics。 That is the 
office of kings; princes; and men upon earth。 In the experience 
of life we see that we are subjected to all things; and suffer 
many things; even death。 Yea; the more of a Christian any man is; 
to so many the more evils; sufferings; and deaths is he subject; 
as we see in the first place in Christ the First…born; and in all 
His holy brethren。

This is a spiritual power; which rules in the midst of enemies; 
and is powerful in the midst of distresses。 And this is nothing 
else than that strength is made perfect in my weakness; and that 
I can turn all things to the profit of my salvation; so that even 
the cross and death are compelled to serve me and to work 
together for my salvation。 This is a lofty and eminent dignity; a 
true and almighty dominion; a spiritual empire; in which there is 
nothing so good; nothing so bad; as not to work together for my 
good; if only I believe。 And yet there is nothing of which I have 
needfor faith alone suffices for my salvationunless that in 
it faith may exercise the power and empire of its liberty。 This 
is the inestimable power and liberty of Christians。

Nor are we only kings and the freest of all men; but also priests 
for ever; a dignity far higher than kingship; because by that 
priesthood we are worthy to appear before God; to pray for 
others; and to teach one another mutually the things which are of 
God。 For these are the duties of priests; and they cannot 
possibly be permitted to any unbeliever。 Christ has obtained for 
us this favour; if we believe in Him: that just as we are His 
brethren and co…heirs and fellow…kings with Him; so we should be 
also fellow…priests with Him; and venture with confidence; 
through the spirit of faith; to come into the presence of God; 
and cry; 〃Abba; Father!〃 and to pray for one another; and to do 
all things which we see done and figured in the visible and 
corporeal office of priesthood。 But to an unbelieving person 
nothing renders service or work for good。 He himself is in 
servitude to all things; and all things turn out for evil to him; 
because he uses all things in an impious way for his own 
advantage; and not for the glory of God。 And thus he is not a 
priest; but a profane person; whose prayers are turned into sin; 
nor does he ever appear in the presence of God; because God does 
not hear sinners。

Who then can comprehend the loftiness of that Christian dignity 
which; by its royal power; rules over all things; even over 
death; life; and sin; and; by its priestly glory; is all…powerful 
with God; since God does what He Himself seeks and wishes; as it 
is written; 〃He will fulfil the desire of them that fear Him; He 
also will hear their cry; and will save them〃? (Psalm cxlv。 19)。 
This glory certainly cannot be attained by any works; but by 
faith only。

》From these considerations any one may clearly see how a Christian 
man is free from all things; so that he needs no works in order 
to be justified and saved; but receives these gifts in abundance 
from faith alone。 Nay; were he so foolish as to pretend to be 
justified; set free; saved; and made a Christian; by means of any 
good work; he would immediately lose faith; with all its 
benefits。 Such folly is prettily represented in the fable where a 
dog; running along in the water and carrying in his mouth a real 
piece of meat; is deceived by the reflection of the meat in the 
water; and; in trying with open mouth to seize it; loses the meat 
and its image at the same time。

Here you will ask; 〃If all who are in the Church are priests; by 
what character are those whom we now call priests to be 
distinguished from the laity?〃 I reply; By the use of these 
words; 〃priest;〃 〃clergy;〃 〃 spiritual person;〃 〃ecclesiastic;〃 
an injustice has been done; since they have been transferred from 
the remaining body of Christians to those few who are now; by 
hurtful custom; called ecclesiastics。 For Holy Scripture makes no 
distinction between them; except that those who are now 
boastfully called popes; bishops; and lords; it calls ministers; 
servants; and stewards; who are to serve the rest in the ministry 
of the word; for teaching the faith of Christ and the liberty of 
believers。 For though it is true that we are all equally priests; 
yet we cannot; nor; if we could; ought we all to; minister and 
teach publicly。 Thus Paul says; 〃Let a man so account of us as of 
the ministers of Christ and stewards of the mysteries of God〃 (1 
Cor。 iv。 1)。

This bad system has now issued in such a pompous display of power 
and such a terrible tyranny that no earthly government can be 
compared to it; as if the laity were something else than 
Christians。 Through this perversion of things it has happened 
that the knowledge of Christian grace; of faith; of liberty; and 
altogether of Christ; has utterly perished; and has been 
succeeded by an intolerable bondage to human works and laws; and; 
according to the Lamentations of Jeremiah; we have become the 
slaves of the vilest men on earth; who abuse our misery to all 
the disgraceful and ignominious purposes of their own will。

Returning to the subject which we had begun; I think it is made 
clear by these considerations that it is not sufficient; nor a 
Christian course; to preach the works; life; and words of Christ 
in a historic manner; as facts which it suffices to know as an 
example how to frame our life; as do those who are now held the 
best preachers; and much less so to keep silence altogether on 
these things and to teach in their stead the laws of men and the 
decrees of the Fathers。 There are now not a few persons who 
preach and read about Christ with the object of moving the human 
affections to sympathise with Christ; to indignation against the 
Jews; and other childish and womanish absurdities of that kind。

Now preaching ought to have the object of promoting faith in Him; 
so that He may not only be Christ; but a Christ for you and for 
me; and that what is said of Him; and what He is called; may work 
in us。 And this faith is produced and is maintained by preaching 
why Christ came; what He has brought us and given to us; and to 
what profit and advantage He is to be received。 This is done when 
the Christian liberty which we have from Christ Himself is 
rightly taught; and we are shown in what manner all we Christians 
are kings and priests; and how we are lords of all things; and 
may be confident that whatever we do in the presence of God is 
pleasing and acceptable to Him。

Whose heart would not rejoice in its inmost core at hearing these 
things? Whose heart; on receiving so great a consolation; would 
not become sweet with the love of Christ; a love to which it can 
never attain by any laws or works? Who can injure such a heart;

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