concerning christian liberty-第4节
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of Apostles; that of bishops; and that of the whole body of the
clergy; have been called and instituted for no object but the
ministry of the word。
But you will ask; What is this word; and by what means is it to
be used; since there are so many words of God? I answer; The
Apostle Paul (Rom。 i。) explains what it is; namely the Gospel of
God; concerning His Son; incarnate; suffering; risen; and
glorified; through the Spirit; the Sanctifier。 To preach Christ
is to feed the soul; to justify it; to set it free; and to save
it; if it believes the preaching。 For faith alone and the
efficacious use of the word of God; bring salvation。 〃If thou
shalt confess with thy mouth the Lord Jesus; and shalt believe in
thine heart that God hath raised Him from the dead; thou shalt be
saved〃 (Rom。 x。 9); and again; 〃Christ is the end of the law for
righteousness to every one that believeth〃 (Rom。 x。 4); and 〃The
just shall live by faith〃 (Rom。 i。 17)。 For the word of God
cannot be received and honoured by any works; but by faith alone。
Hence it is clear that as the soul needs the word alone for life
and justification; so it is justified by faith alone; and not by
any works。 For if it could be justified by any other means; it
would have no need of the word; nor consequently of faith。
But this faith cannot consist at all with works; that is; if you
imagine that you can be justified by those works; whatever they
are; along with it。 For this would be to halt between two
opinions; to worship Baal; and to kiss the hand to him; which is
a very great iniquity; as Job says。 Therefore; when you begin to
believe; you learn at the same time that all that is in you is
utterly guilty; sinful; and damnable; according to that saying;
〃All have sinned; and come short of the glory of God〃 (Rom。 iii。
23); and also: 〃There is none righteous; no; not one; they are
all gone out of the way; they are together become unprofitable:
there is none that doeth good; no; not one〃 (Rom。 iii。 10?2)。
When you have learnt this; you will know that Christ is necessary
for you; since He has suffered and risen again for you; that;
believing on Him; you might by this faith become another man; all
your sins being remitted; and you being justified by the merits
of another; namely of Christ alone。
Since then this faith can reign only in the inward man; as it is
said; 〃With the heart man believeth unto righteousness〃 (Rom。 x。
10); and since it alone justifies; it is evident that by no
outward work or labour can the inward man be at all justified;
made free; and saved; and that no works whatever have any
relation to him。 And so; on the other hand; it is solely by
impiety and incredulity of heart that he becomes guilty and a
slave of sin; deserving condemnation; not by any outward sin or
work。 Therefore the first care of every Christian ought to be to
lay aside all reliance on works; and strengthen his faith alone
more and more; and by it grow in the knowledge; not of works; but
of Christ Jesus; who has suffered and risen again for him; as
Peter teaches (1 Peter v。) when he makes no other work to be a
Christian one。 Thus Christ; when the Jews asked Him what they
should do that they might work the works of God; rejected the
multitude of works; with which He saw that they were puffed up;
and commanded them one thing only; saying; 〃This is the work of
God: that ye believe on Him whom He hath sent; for Him hath God
the Father sealed〃 (John vi。 27; 29)。
Hence a right faith in Christ is an incomparable treasure;
carrying with it universal salvation and preserving from all
evil; as it is said; 〃He that believeth and is baptised shall be
saved; but he that believeth not shall be damned〃 (Mark xvi。 16)。
Isaiah; looking to this treasure; predicted; 〃The consumption
decreed shall overflow with righteousness。 For the Lord God of
hosts shall make a consumption; even determined (verbum
abbreviatum et consummans); in the midst of the land〃 (Isa。 x。
22; 23)。 As if he said; 〃Faith; which is the brief and complete
fulfilling of the law; will fill those who believe with such
righteousness that they will need nothing else for
justification。〃 Thus; too; Paul says; 〃For with the heart man
believeth unto righteousness〃 (Rom。 x。 10)。
But you ask how it can be the fact that faith alone justifies;
and affords without works so great a treasure of good things;
when so many works; ceremonies; and laws are prescribed to us in
the Scriptures? I answer; Before all things bear in mind what I
have said: that faith alone without works justifies; sets free;
and saves; as I shall show more clearly below。
Meanwhile it is to be noted that the whole Scripture of God is
divided into two parts: precepts and promises。 The precepts
certainly teach us what is good; but what they teach is not
forthwith done。 For they show us what we ought to do; but do not
give us the power to do it。 They were ordained; however; for the
purpose of showing man to himself; that through them he may learn
his own impotence for good and may despair of his own strength。
For this reason they are called the Old Testament; and are so。
For example; 〃Thou shalt not covet;〃 is a precept by which we are
all convicted of sin; since no man can help coveting; whatever
efforts to the contrary he may make。 In order therefore that he
may fulfil the precept; and not covet; he is constrained to
despair of himself and to seek elsewhere and through another the
help which he cannot find in himself; as it is said; 〃O Israel;
thou hast destroyed thyself; but in Me is thine help〃 (Hosea
xiii。 9)。 Now what is done by this one precept is done by all;
for all are equally impossible of fulfilment by us。
Now when a man has through the precepts been taught his own
impotence; and become anxious by what means he may satisfy the
lawfor the law must be satisfied; so that no jot or tittle of
it may pass away; otherwise he must be hopelessly
condemnedthen; being truly humbled and brought to nothing in
his own eyes; he finds in himself no resource for justification
and salvation。
Then comes in that other part of Scripture; the promises of God;
which declare the glory of God; and say; 〃If you wish to fulfil
the law; and; as the law requires; not to covet; lo! believe in
Christ; in whom are promised to you grace; justification; peace;
and liberty。〃 All these things you shall have; if you believe;
and shall be without them if you do not believe。 For what is
impossible for you by all the works of the law; which are many
and yet useless; you shall fulfil in an easy and summary way
through faith; because God the Father has made everything to
depend on faith; so that whosoever has it has all things; and he
who has it not has nothing。 〃For God hath concluded them all in
unbelief; that He might have mercy upon all〃 (Rom。 xi。 32)。 Thus
the promises of God give that which the precepts exact; and
fulfil what the law commands; so that all is of God alone; both
the precepts and their fulfilment。 He alone commands; He alone
also fulfils。 Hence the promises of God belong to the New
Testament; nay; are the New Testament。
Now; since these promises of God are words of holiness; truth;
righteousness; liberty; and peace; and are full of universal
goodness; the soul; which cleaves to them with a firm faith; is
so united to them; nay; thoroughly absorbed by them; that it not
only partakes in; but is penetrated and saturated by; all their
virtues。 For if the touch of Christ was healing; how much more
does that most tender spiritual touch; nay; absorption of the
word; communicate to the soul all that belongs to the word! In
this way therefore the soul; through faith alone; without works;
is from the word of God justified; sanctified; endued with truth;
peace; and liberty; and filled full with every good thing; and is
truly made the child of God; as it is said; 〃To them gave He
power to become the sons of God; even to them that believe on His
name〃 (John i。 12)。
》From all this it is easy to understand why faith has such great
power; and why no good works; nor even all good works put
together; can compare with it; since no work can cleave to the
word of God or be in the soul。 Faith alone and the word reign in
it; and such as is the word; such is the soul made by it; just as
iron exposed to fire glows like fire; on account of its union
with the fire。 It is clear then that to a Christian man his faith
suffices for everything; and that he has no need of works for
justification。 But if he has no need of works; neither has he
need of the law; and if he has no need of the law; he is
certainly free from the law; and the saying is true; 〃The law is
not made for a righteous man〃 (1 Tim。 i。 9)。 This is that
Christian liberty; our faith; the effect of which is; not that we
should be careless or lead a bad life; but that no one should
need the law or works for justification and salvation。
Let us consider this as the first virtue of faith; and let us
look also to the second。 This also is an office of faith: that it
honours with the utmost vene