of essay writing-第1节
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David Hume
1742
OF ESSAY WRITING
The elegant part of mankind; who are not immersed in the
animal life; but employ themselves in the operations of the mind;
may be divided into the and 。 The learned
are such as have chosen for their portion the higher and more
difficult operations of the mind; which require leisure and
solitude; and cannot be brought to perfection; without long
preparation and severe labour。 The conversible world join to a
sociable disposition; and a taste of pleasure; an inclination to
the easier and more gentle exercises of the understanding; to
obvious reflections on human affairs; and the duties of common
life; and to the observation of the blemishes or perfections of
the particular objects; that surround them。 Such subjects of
thought furnish not sufficient employment in solitude; but
require the company and conversation of our fellow…creatures; to
render them a proper exercise for the mind: and this brings
mankind together in society; where every one displays his
thoughts and observations in the best manner he is able; and
mutually gives and receives information; as well as pleasure。
The separation of the learned from the conversible world
seems to have been the great defect of the last age; and must
have had a very bad influence both on books and company: for what
possibility is there of finding topics of conversation fit for
the entertainment of rational creatures; without having recourse
sometimes to history; poetry; politics; and the more obvious
principles; at least; of philosophy? Must our whole discourse be
a continued series of gossipping stories and idle remarks? Must
the mind never rise higher; but be perpetually
Stun'd and worn out with endless chat
Of Will did this; and Nan said that?'2'
This would be to render the time spent in company the most
unentertaining; as well as the most unprofitable part of our
lives。
On the other hand; learning has been as great a loser by
being shut up in colleges and cells; and secluded from the world
and good company。 By that means; every thing of what we call
became totally barbarous; being cultivated by
men without any taste of life or manners; and without that
liberty and facility of thought and expression; which can only be
acquired by conversation。 Even philosophy went to wrack by this
moaping recluse method of study; and became as chimerical in her
conclusions as she was unintelligible in her stile and manner of
delivery。 And indeed; what could be expected from men who never
consulted experience in any of their reasonings; or who never
searched for that experience; where alone it is to be found; in
common life and conversation?
'Tis with great pleasure I observe; that men of letters; in
this age; have lost; in a great measure; that shyness and
bashfulness of temper; which kept them at a distance from
mankind; and; at the same time; that men of the world are proud
of borrowing from books their most agreeable topics of
conversation。 'Tis to be hoped; that this league betwixt the
learned and conversible worlds; which is so happily begun; will
be still farther improved; to their mutual advantage; and to that
end; I know nothing more advantageous than such as these
with which I endeavour to entertain the public。 In this view; I
cannot but consider myself as a kind of resident or ambassador
from the dominions of learning to those of conversation; and
shall think it my constant duty to promote a good correspondence
betwixt these two states; which have so great a dependence on
each other。 I shall give intelligence to the learned of whatever
passes in company; and shall endeavour to import into company
whatever commodities I find in my native country proper for their
use and entertainment。 The balance of trade we need not be
jealous of; nor will there be any difficulty to preserve it on
both sides。 The materials of this commerce must chiefly be
furnished by conversation and common life: the manufacturing of
them alone belongs to learning。
As 'twould be an unpardonable negligence in an ambassador
not to pay his respects to the sovereign of the state where he is
commissioned to reside; so it would be altogether inexcusable in
me not to address myself; with a particular respect; to the fair
sex; who are the sovereigns of the empire of conversation。 I
approach them with reverence; and were not my countrymen; the
learned; a stubborn independent race of mortals; extremely
jealous of their liberty; and unaccustomed to subjection; I
should resign into their fair hands the sovereign authority over
the republic of letters。 As the case stands; my commission
extends no farther; than to desire a league; offensive and
defensive; against our common enemies; against the enemies of
reason and beauty; people of dull heads and cold hearts。 From
this moment let us pursue them with the severest vengeance: let
no quarter be given; but to those of sound understandings and
delicate affections; and these characters; 'tis to be presumed;
we shall always find inseparable。
To be serious; and to quit the allusion before it be worn
thread…bare; I am of opinion; that women; that is; women of sense
and education (for to such alone I address myself) are much
better judges of all polite writing than men of the same degree
of understanding; and that 'tis a vain pannic; if they be so far
terrified with the common ridicule that is levelled against
learned ladies; as utterly to abandon every kind of books and
study to our sex。 Let the dread of that ridicule have no other
effect; than to make them conceal their knowledge before fools;
who are not worthy of it; nor of them。 Such will still presume
upon the vain title of the male sex to affect a superiority above
them: but my fair readers may be assured; that all men of sense;
who know the world; have a great deference for their judgment of
such books as ly within the compass of their knowledge; and
repose more confidence in the delicacy of their taste; though
unguided by rules; than in all the dull labours of pedants and
commentators。 In a neighbouring nation; equally famous for good
taste; and for gallantry; the ladies are; in a manner; the
sovereigns of the world; as well as of the
; and no polite writer pretends to venture upon the
public; without the approbation of some celebrated judges of that
sex。 Their verdict is; indeed; sometimes complained of; and; in
particular; I find; that the admirers of Corneille; to save that
great poet's honour upon the ascendant that Racine began to take
over him; always said; that it was not to be expected; that so
old a man could dispute the prize; before such judges; with so
young a man as his rival。 But this observation has been found
unjust; since posterity seems to have ratified the verdict of
that tribunal: and Racine; though dead; is still the favourite of
the fair sex; as well as of the best judges among the men。
There is only one subject; on which I am apt to distrust the
judgment of females; and that is; concerning books of gallantry
and devotion; which they commonly affect as high flown as
possible; and most of them seem more delighted with the warmth;
than with the justness of the passion。 I mention gallantry and
devotion as the same subject; because; in reality; they become
the same when treated in this manner; and we may observe; that
they both depend upon the very same complexion。 As the fair sex
have a great share of the tender and amorous disposition; it
perverts their judgment on this occasion; and makes them be
easily affected; even by what has no propriety in the expression
nor nature in the sentiment。 Mr。 Addison's elegant discourses of
religion have no relish with them; in comparison of books of
mystic devotion: and Otway's tragedies are rejected for the rants
of Mr。 Dryden。
Would the ladies correct their false taste in this
particular; let them accustom themselves a little more to books
of all kinds: let them give encouragement to men of sense and
knowledge to frequent their company: and finally; let them concur
heartily in that union I have projected betwixt the learned and
conversible wor1ds。 They may; perhaps; meet with more
complaisance from their usual followers than from men of
learning; but they cannot reasonably expect so sincere an
affection: and; I hope; they will never be guilty of so wrong a
choice; as to sacrifice the substance to the shadow。