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                           David Hume

                                

                              1742

                                

                                

                            

                                  

                         OF ESSAY WRITING





  

     The elegant part of mankind; who are not immersed in the

animal life; but employ themselves in the operations of the mind;

may be divided into the  and 。 The learned

are such as have chosen for their portion the higher and more

difficult operations of the mind; which require leisure and

solitude; and cannot be brought to perfection; without long

preparation and severe labour。 The conversible world join to a

sociable disposition; and a taste of pleasure; an inclination to

the easier and more gentle exercises of the understanding; to

obvious reflections on human affairs; and the duties of common

life; and to the observation of the blemishes or perfections of

the particular objects; that surround them。 Such subjects of

thought furnish not sufficient employment in solitude; but

require the company and conversation of our fellow…creatures; to

render them a proper exercise for the mind: and this brings

mankind together in society; where every one displays his

thoughts and observations in the best manner he is able; and

mutually gives and receives information; as well as pleasure。

     The separation of the learned from the conversible world

seems to have been the great defect of the last age; and must

have had a very bad influence both on books and company: for what

possibility is there of finding topics of conversation fit for

the entertainment of rational creatures; without having recourse

sometimes to history; poetry; politics; and the more obvious

principles; at least; of philosophy? Must our whole discourse be

a continued series of gossipping stories and idle remarks? Must

the mind never rise higher; but be perpetually



     Stun'd and worn out with endless chat

     Of Will did this; and Nan said that?'2'



This would be to render the time spent in company the most

unentertaining; as well as the most unprofitable part of our

lives。

     On the other hand; learning has been as great a loser by

being shut up in colleges and cells; and secluded from the world

and good company。 By that means; every thing of what we call

 became totally barbarous; being cultivated by

men without any taste of life or manners; and without that

liberty and facility of thought and expression; which can only be

acquired by conversation。 Even philosophy went to wrack by this

moaping recluse method of study; and became as chimerical in her

conclusions as she was unintelligible in her stile and manner of

delivery。 And indeed; what could be expected from men who never

consulted experience in any of their reasonings; or who never

searched for that experience; where alone it is to be found; in

common life and conversation?

     'Tis with great pleasure I observe; that men of letters; in

this age; have lost; in a great measure; that shyness and

bashfulness of temper; which kept them at a distance from

mankind; and; at the same time; that men of the world are proud

of borrowing from books their most agreeable topics of

conversation。 'Tis to be hoped; that this league betwixt the

learned and conversible worlds; which is so happily begun; will

be still farther improved; to their mutual advantage; and to that

end; I know nothing more advantageous than such  as these

with which I endeavour to entertain the public。 In this view; I

cannot but consider myself as a kind of resident or ambassador

from the dominions of learning to those of conversation; and

shall think it my constant duty to promote a good correspondence

betwixt these two states; which have so great a dependence on

each other。 I shall give intelligence to the learned of whatever

passes in company; and shall endeavour to import into company

whatever commodities I find in my native country proper for their

use and entertainment。 The balance of trade we need not be

jealous of; nor will there be any difficulty to preserve it on

both sides。 The materials of this commerce must chiefly be

furnished by conversation and common life: the manufacturing of

them alone belongs to learning。

     As 'twould be an unpardonable negligence in an ambassador

not to pay his respects to the sovereign of the state where he is

commissioned to reside; so it would be altogether inexcusable in

me not to address myself; with a particular respect; to the fair

sex; who are the sovereigns of the empire of conversation。 I

approach them with reverence; and were not my countrymen; the

learned; a stubborn independent race of mortals; extremely

jealous of their liberty; and unaccustomed to subjection; I

should resign into their fair hands the sovereign authority over

the republic of letters。 As the case stands; my commission

extends no farther; than to desire a league; offensive and

defensive; against our common enemies; against the enemies of

reason and beauty; people of dull heads and cold hearts。 From

this moment let us pursue them with the severest vengeance: let

no quarter be given; but to those of sound understandings and

delicate affections; and these characters; 'tis to be presumed;

we shall always find inseparable。

     To be serious; and to quit the allusion before it be worn

thread…bare; I am of opinion; that women; that is; women of sense

and education (for to such alone I address myself) are much

better judges of all polite writing than men of the same degree

of understanding; and that 'tis a vain pannic; if they be so far

terrified with the common ridicule that is levelled against

learned ladies; as utterly to abandon every kind of books and

study to our sex。 Let the dread of that ridicule have no other

effect; than to make them conceal their knowledge before fools;

who are not worthy of it; nor of them。 Such will still presume

upon the vain title of the male sex to affect a superiority above

them: but my fair readers may be assured; that all men of sense;

who know the world; have a great deference for their judgment of

such books as ly within the compass of their knowledge; and

repose more confidence in the delicacy of their taste; though

unguided by rules; than in all the dull labours of pedants and

commentators。 In a neighbouring nation; equally famous for good

taste; and for gallantry; the ladies are; in a manner; the

sovereigns of the  world; as well as of the

; and no polite writer pretends to venture upon the

public; without the approbation of some celebrated judges of that

sex。 Their verdict is; indeed; sometimes complained of; and; in

particular; I find; that the admirers of Corneille; to save that

great poet's honour upon the ascendant that Racine began to take

over him; always said; that it was not to be expected; that so

old a man could dispute the prize; before such judges; with so

young a man as his rival。 But this observation has been found

unjust; since posterity seems to have ratified the verdict of

that tribunal: and Racine; though dead; is still the favourite of

the fair sex; as well as of the best judges among the men。

     There is only one subject; on which I am apt to distrust the

judgment of females; and that is; concerning books of gallantry

and devotion; which they commonly affect as high flown as

possible; and most of them seem more delighted with the warmth;

than with the justness of the passion。 I mention gallantry and

devotion as the same subject; because; in reality; they become

the same when treated in this manner; and we may observe; that

they both depend upon the very same complexion。 As the fair sex

have a great share of the tender and amorous disposition; it

perverts their judgment on this occasion; and makes them be

easily affected; even by what has no propriety in the expression

nor nature in the sentiment。 Mr。 Addison's elegant discourses of

religion have no relish with them; in comparison of books of

mystic devotion: and Otway's tragedies are rejected for the rants

of Mr。 Dryden。

     Would the ladies correct their false taste in this

particular; let them accustom themselves a little more to books

of all kinds: let them give encouragement to men of sense and

knowledge to frequent their company: and finally; let them concur

heartily in that union I have projected betwixt the learned and

conversible wor1ds。 They may; perhaps; meet with more

complaisance from their usual followers than from men of

learning; but they cannot reasonably expect so sincere an

affection: and; I hope; they will never be guilty of so wrong a

choice; as to sacrifice the substance to the shadow。




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