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at　Tonsard　after　the　lapse　of　nearly　twenty…five　years。　The　walnut

wardrobe；　the　bedstead　with　the　tester　and　curtains；　and　the　ornaments

about　the　bedroom　were　doubtless　the　result　of　the　said　laughter。



Once　in　possession　of　his　care；　Tonsard　replied　to　the　first　person

who　happened　to　mention　that　Mademoiselle　Laguerre　had　given　it　to

him；　〃I've　bought　it　deuced　hard；　and　paid　well　for　it。　Do　rich　folks

ever　give　us　anything？　Are　one　hundred　days'　work　nothing？　It　has　cost

me　three　hundred　francs；　and　the　land　is　all　stones。〃　But　that　speech

never　got　beyond　the　regions　of　his　own　class。



Tonsard　built　his　house　himself；　picking　up　the　materials　here　and

there　as　he　could；getting　a　day's　work　out　of　this　one　and　that　one；

gleaning　in　the　rubbish　that　was　thrown　away；　often　asking　for　things

and　always　obtaining　them。　A　discarded　door　cut　in　two　for　convenience

in　carrying　away　became　the　door　of　the　stable；　the　window　was　the

sash　of　a　green…house。　In　short；　the　rubbish　of　the　chateau；　served　to

build　the　fatal　cottage。



Saved　from　the　draft　by　Gaubertin；　the　steward　of　Les　Aigues；　whose

father　was　prosecuting…attorney　of　the　department；　and　who；　moreover；

could　refuse　nothing　to　Mademoiselle　Cochet；　Tonsard　married　as　soon

as　his　house　was　finished　and　his　vines　had　begun　to　bear。　A　well…

grown　fellow　of　twenty…three；　in　everybody's　good　graces　at　Les

Aigues；　on　whom　Mademoiselle　had　bestowed　an　acre　of　her　land；　and　who

appeared　to　be　a　good　worker；　he　had　the　art　to　ring　the　praises　of

his　negative　merits；　and　so　obtained　the　daughter　of　a　farmer　on　the

Ronquerolles　estate；　which　lies　beyond　the　forest　of　Les　Aigues。



This　farmer　held　the　lease　of　half　a　farm；　which　was　going　to　ruin　in

his　hands　for　want　of　a　helpmate。　A　widower；　and　inconsolable　for　the

loss　of　his　wife；　he　tried　to　drown　his　troubles；　like　the　English；　in

wine；　and　then；　when　he　had　put　the　poor　deceased　out　of　his　mind；　he

found　himself　married；　so　the　village　maliciously　declared；　to　a　woman

named　Boisson。　From　being　a　farmer　he　became　once　more　a　laborer；　but

an　idle　and　drunken　laborer；　quarrelsome　and　vindictive；　capable　of

any　ill…deed；　like　most　of　his　class　when　they　fall　from　a　well…to…do

state　of　life　into　poverty。　This　man；　whose　practical　information　and

knowledge　of　reading　and　writing　placed　him　far　above　his　fellow…

workmen；　while　his　vices　kept　him　at　the　level　of　pauperism；　you　have

already　seen　on　the　banks　of　the　Avonne；　measuring　his　cleverness　with

that　of　one　of　the　cleverest　men　in　Paris；　in　a　bucolic　overlooked　by

Virgil。



Pere　Fourchon；　formerly　a　schoolmaster　at　Blangy；　lost　that　place

through　misconduct　and　his　singular　ideas　as　to　public　education。　He

helped　the　children　to　make　paper　boats　with　their　alphabets　much

oftener　than　he　taught　them　how　to　spell；　he　scolded　them　in　so

remarkable　a　manner　for　pilfering　fruit　that　his　lectures　might　really

have　passed　for　lessons　on　the　best　way　of　scaling　the　walls。　From

teacher　he　became　a　postman。　In　this　capacity；　which　serves　as　a

refuge　to　many　an　old　soldier；　Pere　Fourchon　was　daily　reprimanded。

Sometimes　he　forgot　the　letters　in　a　tavern；　at　other　times　he　kept

them　in　his　pocket。　When　he　was　drunk　he　left　those　for　one　village　in

another　village；　when　he　was　sober　he　read　them。　Consequently；　he　was

soon　dismissed。　No　longer　able　to　serve　the　State；　Pere　Fourchon　ended

by　becoming　a　manufacturer。　In　the　country　a　poor　man　can　always　get

something　to　do；　and　make　at　least　a　pretence　of　gaining　an　honest

livelihood。　At　sixty…eight　years　of　age　the　old　man　started　his　rope…

walk；　a　manufactory　which　requires　the　very　smallest　capital。　The

workshop　is；　as　we　have　seen；　any　convenient　wall；　the　machinery　costs

about　ten　francs。　The　apprentice　slept；　like　his　master；　in　a　hay…

loft；　and　lived　on　whatever　he　could　pick　up。　The　rapacity　of　the　law

in　the　matter　of　doors　and　windows　expires　〃sub　dio。〃　The　tow　to　make

the　first　rope　can　be　borrowed。　But　the　principal　revenue　of　Pere

Fourchon　and　his　satellite　Mouche；　the　natural　son　of　one　of　his

natural　daughters；　came　from　the　otters；　and　then　there　were

breakfasts　and　dinners　given　them　by　peasants　who　could　neither　read

nor　write；　and　were　glad　to　use　the　old　fellow's　talents　when　they　had

a　bill　to　make　out；　or　a　letter　to　dispatch。　Besides　all　this；　he　knew

how　to　play　the　clarionet；　and　he　went　about　with　his　friend

Vermichel；　the　miller　of　Soulanges；　to　village　weddings　and　the　grand

balls　given　at　the　Tivoli　of　Soulanges。



Vermichel's　name　was　Michel　Vert；　but　the　transposition　was　so

generally　used　that　Brunet；　the　clerk　of　the　municipal　court　of

Soulanges；　was　in　the　habit　of　writing　Michel…Jean…Jerome　Vert；　called

Vermichel；　practitioner。　Vermichel；　a　famous　violin　in　the　Burgundian

regiment　of　former　days；　had　procured　for　Pere　Fourchon；　in

recognition　of　certain　services；　a　situation　as　practitioner；　which　in

remote　country…places　usually　devolves　on　those　who　are　able　to　sign

their　name。　Pere　Fourchon　therefore　added　to　his　other　avocations　that

of　witness；　or　practitioner　of　legal　papers；　whenever　the　Sieur　Brunet

came　to　draw　them　in　the　districts　of　Cerneux；　Conches；　and　Blangy。

Vermichel　and　Fourchon；　allied　by　a　friendship　of　twenty　years'

tippling；　might　really　be　considered　a　business　firm。



Mouche　and　Fourchon；　bound　together　by　vice　as　Mentor　and　Telemachus

by　virtue；　travelled　like　the　latter；　in　search　of　their　father；

〃panis　angelorum；〃the　only　Latin　words　which　the　old　fellow's　memory

had　retained。　They　went　about　scraping　up　the　pickings　of　the　Grand…I…

Vert；　and　those　of　the　adjacent　chateaux；　for　between　them；　in　their

busiest　and　most　prosperous　years；　they　had　never　contrived　to　make　as

much　as　three　hundred　and　sixty　fathoms　of　rope。　In　the　first　place；

no　dealer　within　a　radius　of　fifty　miles　would　have　trusted　his　tow　to

either　Mouche　or　Fourchon。　The　old　man；　surpassing　the　miracles　of

modern　chemistry；　knew　too　well　how　to　resolve　the　tow　into　the　all…

benignant　juice　of　the　grape。　Moreover；　his　triple　functions　of　public

writer　for　three　townships；　legal　practitioner　for　one；　and　clarionet…

player　at　large；　hindered；　so　he　said；　the　development　of　his

business。



Thus　it　happened　that　Tonsard　was　disappointed　from　the　start　in　the

hope　he　had　indulged　of　increasing　his　comfort　by　an　increase　of

property　in　marriage。　The　idle　son…in…law　had　chanced；　by　a　very

common　accident；　on　an　idler　father…in…law。　Matters　went　all　the　worse

because　Tonsard's　wife；　gifted　with　a　sort　of　rustic　beauty；　being

tall　and　well…made；　was　not　fond　of　work　in　the　open　air。　Tonsard

blamed　his　wife　for　her　father's　short…comings；　and　ill…treated　her；

with　the　customary　revenge　of　the　common　people；　whose　minds　take　in

only　an　effect　and　rarely　look　back　to　causes。



Finding　her　fetters　heavy；　the　woman　lightened　them。　She　used

Tonsard's　vices　to　get　the　better　of　him。　Loving　comfort　and　good

eating　herself；　she　encouraged　his　idleness　and　gluttony。　In　the　first

place；　she　managed　to　procure　the　good…will　of　the　servants　of　the

chateau；　and　Tonsard；　in　view　of　the　results；　made　no　complaint　as　to

the　means。　He　cared　very　little　what　his　wife　did；　so　long　as　she　did

all　he　wanted　of　her。　That　is　the　secret　agreement　of　many　a

household。　Madame　Tonsard　established　the　wine…shop　of　the　Grand…I…

Vert；　her　first　customers　being　the　servants　of　Les　Aigues　and　the

keepers　and　huntsmen。



Gaubertin；　formerly　steward　to　Mademoiselle　Laguerre；　one　of　La

Tonsard's　chief　patrons；　gave　her　several　puncheons　of　excellent　wine

to　attract　custom。　The　effect　of　these　gifts　（continued　as　long　as

Gaubertin　remained　a　bachelor）　and　the　fame　of　her　rather　lawless

beauty　commended　this　beauty　to　the　Don　Juans　of　the　valley；　and

filled　the　wine…shop　of　the　Grand…I…Vert。　Being　a　lover　of　good

eating；　La　Tonsard　was　naturally　an　excellent　cook；　and　though　her

talents　were　only　exercised　on　the　common　dishes　of　the　country；

jugged　hare；　game　sauce；　stewed　fish　and　omelets；　she　was　considered

in　all　the　country　round　to　be　an　admirable　cook　of　the　sort　of　food

which　is　eaten　at　a　counter　and　spiced　in　a　way　to　excite　a　desire　for

drink。　By　the　end　of　two　years；　she　had　managed　to　rule　Tonsard；　and

turn　him　to　evil　courses；　which；　indeed；　he　asked　no　better　than　to

indulge　in。



The　rascal　was　continually　poaching；　and　with　nothing　to　fear　from　it。

The　intimacies　of　his　wife　with　Gaubertin　and　the　keepers　and　the

rural　authorities；　together　with　the　laxity　of　the　times；　secured　him

impunity。　As　soon　as　his　children　were　large　enough　he　made　them

serviceable　to　his　comfort；　caring　no　more　for　their　morality　than　for

that　of　his　wife。　He　had　two　sons　and　two　daughters。　Tonsard；　who

lived；　as　did　his　wife；　from　hand　to　mouth；　might　have　come　to　an　end

of　this　easy　life　if　he　had　not　maintained　a　sort　of　martial　law　over

his　family；　whi