life is a dream-第1节
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Life Is A Dream
by Pedro Calderon de la Barca
Translated by Edward Fitzgerald
INTRODUCTORY NOTE
Pedro Calderon de la Barca was born in Madrid； January 17； 1600； of
good family。 He was educated at the Jesuit College in Madrid and at
the University of Salamanca； and a doubtful tradition says that he
began to write plays at the age of thirteen。 His literary activity was
interrupted for ten years； 1625…1635； by military service in Italy and
the Low Countries； and again for a year or more in Catalonia。 In 1637
he became a Knight of the Order of Santiago； and in 1651 he entered
the priesthood； rising to the dignity of Superior of the Brotherhood
of San Pedro in Madrid。 He held various offices in the court of Philip
IV； who rewarded his services with pensions； and had his plays
produced with great splendor。 He died May 5； 1681。
At the time when Calderon began to compose for the stage； the Spanish
drama was at its height。 Lope de Vega； the most prolific and； with
Calderon； the greatest； of Spanish dramatists； was still alive； and by
his applause gave encouragement to the beginner whose fame was to
rival his own。 The national type of drama which Lope had established
was maintained in its essential characteristics by Calderon； and he
produced abundant specimens of all its varieties。 Of regular plays he
has left a hundred and twenty； of 〃Autos Sacramentales；〃 the peculiar
Spanish allegorical development of the medieval mystery； we have
seventy…three； besides a considerable number of farces。
The dominant motives in Calderon's dramas are characteristically
national： fervid loyalty to Church and King； and a sense of honor
heightened almost to the point of the fantastic。 Though his plays are
laid in a great variety of scenes and ages； the sentiment and the
characters remain essentially Spanish； and this intensely local
quality has probably lessened the vogue of Calderon in other
countries。 In the construction and conduct of his plots he showed
great skill； yet the ingenuity expended in the management of the story
did not restrain the fiery emotion and opulent imagination which mark
his finest speeches and give them a lyric quality which some critics
regard as his greatest distinction。
Of all Calderon's works； 〃Life is a Dream〃 may be regarded as the most
universal in its theme。 It seeks to teach a lesson that may be learned
from the philosophers and religious thinkers of many agesthat the
world of our senses is a mere shadow； and that the only reality is to
be found in the invisible and eternal。 The story which forms its basis
is Oriental in origin； and in the form of the legend of 〃Barlaam and
Josaphat〃 was familiar in all the literatures of the Middle Ages。
Combined with this in the plot is the tale of Abou Hassan from the
〃Arabian Nights；〃 the main situations in which are turned to farcical
purposes in the Induction to the Shakespearean 〃Taming of the Shrew。〃
But with Calderon the theme is lifted altogether out of the atmosphere
of comedy； and is worked up with poetic sentiment and a touch of
mysticism into a symbolic drama of profound and universal
philosophical significance。
LIFE IS A DREAM
DRAMATIS PERSONAE
Basilio King of Poland。
Segismund his Son。
Astolfo his Nephew。
Estrella his Niece。
Clotaldo a General in Basilio's Service。
Rosaura a Muscovite Lady。
Fife her Attendant。
Chamberlain； Lords in Waiting； Officers； Soldiers； etc。； in Basilio's
Service。
The Scene of the first and third Acts lies on the Polish frontier： of
the second Act； in Warsaw。
As this version of Calderon's drama is not for acting； a higher and
wider mountain…scene than practicable may be imagined for Rosaura's
descent in the first Act and the soldiers' ascent in the last。 The bad
watch kept by the sentinels who guarded their state…prisoner； together
with much else （not all！） that defies sober sense in this wild drama；
I must leave Calderon to answer for； whose audience were not critical
of detail and probability； so long as a good story； with strong；
rapid； and picturesque action and situation； was set before them。
ACT I
SCENE IA pass of rocks； over which a storm is rolling away； and the
sun setting： in the foreground； half…way down； a fortress。
（Enter first from the topmost rock Rosaura； as from horseback； in
man's attire； and； after her； Fife。）
ROSAURA。
There； four…footed Fury； blast
Engender'd brute； without the wit
Of brute； or mouth to match the bit
Of manart satisfied at last？
Who； when thunder roll'd aloof；
Tow'rd the spheres of fire your ears
Pricking； and the granite kicking
Into lightning with your hoof；
Among the tempest…shatter'd crags
Shattering your luckless rider
Back into the tempest pass'd？
There then lie to starve and die；
Or find another Phaeton
Mad…mettled as yourself； for I；
Wearied； worried； and for…done；
Alone will down the mountain try；
That knits his brows against the sun。
FIFE （as to his mule）。
There； thou mis…begotten thing；
Long…ear'd lightning； tail'd tornado；
Griffin…hoof…in hurricano；
（I might swear till I were almost
Hoarse with roaring Asonante）
Who forsooth because our betters
Would begin to kick and fling
You forthwith your noble mind
Must prove； and kick me off behind；
Tow'rd the very centre whither
Gravity was most inclined。
There where you have made your bed
In it lie； for； wet or dry；
Let what will for me betide you；
Burning； blowing； freezing； hailing；
Famine waste you： devil ride you：
Tempest baste you black and blue：
（To Rosaura。）
There！ I think in downright railing
I can hold my own with you。
ROS。
Ah； my good Fife； whose merry loyal pipe；
Come weal； come woe； is never out of tune
What； you in the same plight too？
FIFE。
Ay； And madamsirhereby desire；
When you your own adventures sing
Another time in lofty rhyme；
You don't forget the trusty squire
Who went with you Don…quixoting。
ROS。
Well； my good fellowto leave Pegasus
Who scarce can serve us than our horses worse
They say no one should rob another of
The single satisfaction he has left
Of singing his own sorrows； one so great；
So says some great philosopher； that trouble
Were worth encount'ring only for the sake
Of weeping overwhat perhaps you know
Some poet calls the 'luxury of woe。'
FIFE。
Had I the poet or philosopher
In the place of her that kick'd me off to ride；
I'd test his theory upon his hide。
But no bones broken； madamsir； I mean？
ROS。
A scratch here that a handkerchief will heal
And you？
FIFE。
A scratch in /quiddity/； or kind：
But not in '/quo/'my wounds are all behind。
But； as you say； to stop this strain；
Which； somehow； once one's in the vein；
Comes clattering afterthere again！
What are we twaindeuce take't！we two；
I mean； to dodrench'd through and through
Oh； I shall choke of rhymes； which I believe
Are all that we shall have to live on here。
ROS。
What； is our victual gone too？
FIFE。
Ay； that brute
Has carried all we had away with her；
Clothing； and cate； and all。
ROS。
And now the sun；
Our only friend and guide； about to sink
Under the stage of earth。
FIFE。
And enter Night；
With Capa y Espadaandpray heaven！
With but her lanthorn also。
ROS。
Ah； I doubt
To…night； if any； with a dark oneor
Almost burnt out after a month's consumption。
Well！ well or ill； on horseback or afoot；
This is the gate that lets me into Poland；
And； sorry welcome as she gives a guest
Who writes his own arrival on her rocks
In his own blood
Yet better on her stony threshold die；
Than live on unrevenged in Muscovy。
FIFE。
Oh； what a soul some women haveI mean
Some men
ROS。
Oh； Fife； Fife； as you love me； Fife；
Make yourself perfect in that little part；
Or all will go to ruin！
FIFE。
Oh； I will；
Please God we find some one to try it on。
But； truly； would not any one believe
Some fairy had exchanged us as we lay
Two tiny foster…children in one cradle？
ROS。
Well； be that as it may； Fife； it reminds me
Of what perhaps I should have thought before；
But better late than neverYou know I love you；
As you； I know； love me； and loyally
Have follow'd me thus far in my wild venture。
Well！ now thenhaving seen me safe thus far
Safe if not wholly soundover the rocks
Into the country where my business lies
Why should not you return the way we came；
The storm all clear'd away； and； leaving me
（Who now shall want you； though not thank you； less；
Now that our horses gone） this side the ridge；
Find your way back to dear old home again；
While ICome； come！
What； weeping my poor fellow？
FIFE。
Leave you here
Alonemy LadyLord！ I mean my Lord
I
