a record of buddhistic kingdoms(佛都记录)-第30节
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NOTES
＇1＇ Karanda Venuvana； a park presented to Buddha by king Bimbisara；
who also built a vihara in it。 See the account of the transaction in M。 B。； p。
194。 The place was called Karanda； from a creature so named； which
awoke the king just as a snake was about to bite him； and thus saved his
life。 In Hardy the creature appears as a squirrel； but Eitel says that the
Karanda is a bird of sweet voice； resembling a magpie； but herding in
flocks； the /cuculus melanoleucus/。 See 〃Buddhist Birth Stories；〃 p。 118。
＇2＇ The language here is rather contemptuous； as if our author had no
sympathy with any other mode of disposing of the dead； but by his own
Buddhistic method of cremation。
＇3＇ The Chinese characters used for the name of this cavern serve also
to name the pippala （peepul） tree； the /ficus religiosa/。 They make us think
that there was such a tree overshadowing the cave； but Fa…hien would
hardly have neglected to mention such a circumstance。
＇4＇ A very great place in the annals of Buddhism。 The Council in the
Srataparna cave did not come together fortuitously； but appears to have
been convoked by the older members to settle the rules and doctrines of
the order。 The cave was prepared for the occasion by king Ajatasatru。
From the expression about the 〃bringing forth of the King；〃 it would seem
that the Sutras or some of them had been already committed to writing。
May not the meaning of King ｛。｝ here be extended to the Vinaya rules； as
well as the Sutras； and mean 〃the standards〃 of the system generally？ See
Davids' Manual； chapter ix； and Sacred Books of the East； vol。 xx； Vinaya
Texts； pp。 370…385。
＇5＇ So in the text； evidently for pari…nirvana。
＇6＇ Instead of 〃high〃 seats； the Chinese texts have 〃vacant。〃 The
character for 〃prepared〃 denotes 〃spread；〃they were carpeted； perhaps；
both cushioned and carpeted； being rugs spread on the ground； raised
higher than the other places for seats。
＇7＇ Did they not contrive to let him in； with some cachinnation； even in
so august an assembly； that so important a member should have been shut
out？
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＇8＇ 〃The life of this body〃 would； I think； fairly express the idea of the
bhikshu。
＇9＇ See the account of Buddha's preaching in chapter xviii。
＇10＇ The sentiment of this clause is not easily caught。
＇11＇ See E。 M。； p。 152：〃Buddha made a law forbidding the monks to
commit suicide。 He prohibited any one from discoursing on the miseries of
life in such a manner as to cause desperation。〃 See also M。 B。； pp。 464；
465。
＇12＇ Beal says：〃Evil desire； hatred； ignorance。〃
＇13＇ See chap。 xx； note 10。
＇14＇ The Anagamin belong to the third degree of Buddhistic saintship；
the third class of Aryas； who are no more liable to be reborn as men； but
are to be born once more as devas； when they will forthwith become
Arhats； and attain to nirvana。 E。 H。； pp。 8； 9。
＇15＇ Our author expresses no opinion of his own on the act of this
bhikshu。 Must it not have been a good act； when it was attended； in the
very act of performance； by such blessed consequences？ But if Buddhism
had not something better to show than what appears here； it would not
attract the interest which it now does。 The bhikshu was evidently rather
out of his mind； and the verdict of a coroner's inquest of this nineteenth
century would have pronounced that he killed himself 〃in a fit of insanity。〃
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A RECORD OF BUDDHISTIC KINGDOMS
CHAPTER XXXI
GAYA。 SAKYAMUNI'S ATTAINING TO THE BUDDHASHIP；
AND OTHER LEGENDS。
From this place； after travelling to the west for four yojanas； （the
pilgrims） came to the city of Gaya；＇1＇ but inside the city all was emptiness
and desolation。 Going on again to the south for twenty le； they arrived at
the place where the Bodhisattva for six years practised with himself
painful austerities。 All around was forest。
Three le west from here they came to the place where； when Buddha
had gone into the water to bathe； a deva bent down the branch of a tree； by
means of which he succeeded in getting out of the pool。＇2＇
Two le north from this was the place where the Gramika girls
presented to Buddha the rice…gruel made with milk；＇3＇ and two le north
from this （again） was the place where； seated on a rock under a great tree；
and facing the east； he ate （the gruel）。 The tree and the rock are there at the
present day。 The rock may be six cubits in breadth and length； and rather
more than two cubits in height。 In Central India the cold and heat are so
equally tempered that trees will live in it for several thousand and even for
ten thousand years。
Half a yojana from this place to the north…east there was a cavern in
the rocks； into which the Bodhisattva entered； and sat cross…legged with
his face to the west。 （As he did so）； he said to himself； 〃If I am to attain to
perfect wisdom （and become Buddha）； let there be a supernatural
attestation of it。〃 On the wall of the rock there appeared immediately the
shadow of a Buddha； rather more than three feet in length； which is still
bright at the present day。 At this moment heaven and earth were greatly
moved； and devas in the air spoke plainly； 〃This is not the place where any
Buddha of the past； or he that is to come； has attained； or will attain； to
perfect Wisdom。 Less than half a yojana from this to the south…west will
bring you to the patra＇4＇ tree； where all past Buddhas have attained； and
all to come must attain； to perfect Wisdom。〃 When they had spoken these
words； they immediately led the way forwards to the place； singing as they
did so。 As they thus went away； the Bodhisattva arose and walked （after
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them）。 At a distance of thirty paces from the tree； a deva gave him the
grass of lucky omen；＇5＇ which he received and went on。 After （he had
proceeded） fifteen paces； 500 green birds came flying towards him； went
round him thrice； and disappeared。 The Bodhisattva went forward to the
patra tree； placed the kusa grass at the foot of it； and sat down with his
face to the east。 Then king Mara sent three beautiful young ladies； who
came from the north； to tempt him； while he himself came from the south
to do the same。 The Bodhisattva put his toes down on the ground； and the
demon soldiers retired and dispersed； and the three young ladies were
changed into old （grand…）mothers。＇6＇
At the place mentioned above of the six years' painful austerities； and
at all these other places； men subsequently reared topes and set up images；
which all exist at the present day。
Where Buddha； after attaining to perfect wisdom； for seven days
contemplated the tree； and experienced the joy of vimukti；＇7＇ where； under
the patra tree； he walked backwards and forwards from west to east for
seven days； where the devas made a hall appear； composed of the seven
precious substances； and presented offerings to him for seven days； where
the blind dragon Muchilinda＇8＇ encircled him for seven days； where he sat
under the nyagrodha tree； on a square rock； with his face to the east； and
Brahma…deva＇9＇ came and made his request to him； where the four deva
kings brought to him their alms… bowls；＇10＇ where the 500 merchants＇11＇
presented to him the roasted flour and honey； and where he converted the
brothers Kasyapa and their thousand disciples；＇12＇at all these places
topes were reared。
At the place where Buddha attained to perfect Wisdom； there are three
monasteries； in all of which there are monks residing。 The families of their
people around supply the societies of these monks with an abundant
sufficiency of what they require； so that there is no lack or stint。＇13＇ The
disc
