the odyssey(奥德赛)-第1节
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THE ODYSSEY
by Homer
translated by Samuel Butler
BOOK I。
TELL ME； O MUSE； of that ingenious hero who travelled far and wide
after he had sacked the famous town of Troy。 Many cities did he visit；
and many were the nations with whose manners and customs he was
acquainted； moreover he suffered much by sea while trying to save
his own life and bring his men safely home； but do what he might he
could not save his men； for they perished through their own sheer
folly in eating the cattle of the Sun…god Hyperion； so the god
prevented them from ever reaching home。 Tell me； too； about all
these things； O daughter of Jove； from whatsoever source you may
know them。
So now all who escaped death in battle or by shipwreck had got
safely home except Ulysses； and he； though he was longing to return to
his wife and country； was detained by the goddess Calypso； who had got
him into a large cave and wanted to marry him。 But as years went by；
there came a time when the gods settled that he should go back to
Ithaca； even then； however； when he was among his own people； his
troubles were not yet over； nevertheless all the gods had now begun to
pity him except Neptune； who still persecuted him without ceasing
and would not let him get home。
Now Neptune had gone off to the Ethiopians； who are at the world's
end； and lie in two halves； the one looking West and the other East。
He had gone there to accept a hecatomb of sheep and oxen； and was
enjoying himself at his festival； but the other gods met in the
house of Olympian Jove； and the sire of gods and men spoke first。 At
that moment he was thinking of Aegisthus； who had been killed by
Agamemnon's son Orestes； so he said to the other gods：
〃See now； how men lay blame upon us gods for what is after all
nothing but their own folly。 Look at Aegisthus； he must needs make
love to Agamemnon's wife unrighteously and then kill Agamemnon； though
he knew it would be the death of him； for I sent Mercury to warn him
not to do either of these things； inasmuch as Orestes would be sure to
take his revenge when he grew up and wanted to return home。 Mercury
told him this in all good will but he would not listen； and now he has
paid for everything in full。〃
Then Minerva said； 〃Father； son of Saturn； King of kings； it
served Aegisthus right； and so it would any one else who does as he
did； but Aegisthus is neither here nor there； it is for Ulysses that
my heart bleeds； when I think of his sufferings in that lonely
sea…girt island； far away； poor man； from all his friends。 It is an
island covered with forest； in the very middle of the sea； and a
goddess lives there； daughter of the magician Atlas； who looks after
the bottom of the ocean； and carries the great columns that keep
heaven and earth asunder。 This daughter of Atlas has got hold of
poor unhappy Ulysses； and keeps trying by every kind of blandishment
to make him forget his home； so that he is tired of life； and thinks
of nothing but how he may once more see the smoke of his own chimneys。
You； sir； take no heed of this； and yet when Ulysses was before Troy
did he not propitiate you with many a burnt sacrifice？ Why then should
you keep on being so angry with him？〃
And Jove said； 〃My child； what are you talking about？ How can I
forget Ulysses than whom there is no more capable man on earth； nor
more liberal in his offerings to the immortal gods that live in
heaven？ Bear in mind； however； that Neptune is still furious with
Ulysses for having blinded an eye of Polyphemus king of the
Cyclopes。 Polyphemus is son to Neptune by the nymph Thoosa； daughter
to the sea…king Phorcys； therefore though he will not kill Ulysses
outright； he torments him by preventing him from getting home。
Still； let us lay our heads together and see how we can help him to
return； Neptune will then be pacified； for if we are all of a mind
he can hardly stand out against us。〃
And Minerva said； 〃Father； son of Saturn； King of kings； if； then；
the gods now mean that Ulysses should get home； we should first send
Mercury to the Ogygian island to tell Calypso that we have made up our
minds and that he is to return。 In the meantime I will go to Ithaca；
to put heart into Ulysses' son Telemachus； I will embolden him to call
the Achaeans in assembly； and speak out to the suitors of his mother
Penelope； who persist in eating up any number of his sheep and oxen； I
will also conduct him to Sparta and to Pylos； to see if he can hear
anything about the return of his dear father… for this will make
people speak well of him。〃
So saying she bound on her glittering golden sandals；
imperishable； with which she can fly like the wind over land or sea；
she grasped the redoubtable bronze…shod spear； so stout and sturdy and
strong； wherewith she quells the ranks of heroes who have displeased
her； and down she darted from the topmost summits of Olympus；
whereon forthwith she was in Ithaca； at the gateway of Ulysses' house；
disguised as a visitor； Mentes； chief of the Taphians； and she held
a bronze spear in her hand。 There she found the lordly suitors
seated on hides of the oxen which they had killed and eaten； and
playing draughts in front of the house。 Men…servants and pages were
bustling about to wait upon them； some mixing wine with water in the
mixing…bowls； some cleaning down the tables with wet sponges and
laying them out again； and some cutting up great quantities of meat。
Telemachus saw her long before any one else did。 He was sitting
moodily among the suitors thinking about his brave father； and how
he would send them flying out of the house； if he were to come to
his own again and be honoured as in days gone by。 Thus brooding as
he sat among them； he caught sight of Minerva and went straight to the
gate； for he was vexed that a stranger should be kept waiting for
admittance。 He took her right hand in his own； and bade her give him
her spear。 〃Welcome；〃 said he； 〃to our house； and when you have
partaken of food you shall tell us what you have come for。〃
He led the way as he spoke； and Minerva followed him。 When they were
within he took her spear and set it in the spear… stand against a
strong bearing…post along with the many other spears of his unhappy
father； and he conducted her to a richly decorated seat under which he
threw a cloth of damask。 There was a footstool also for her feet；
and he set another seat near her for himself； away from the suitors；
that she might not be annoyed while eating by their noise and
insolence； and that he might ask her more freely about his father。
A maid servant then brought them water in a beautiful golden ewer
and poured it into a silver basin for them to wash their hands； and
she drew a clean table beside them。 An upper servant brought them
bread； and offered them many good things of what there was in the
house； the carver fetched them plates of all manner of meats and set
cups of gold by their side； and a man…servant brought them wine and
poured it out for them。
Then the suitors came in and took their places on the benches and
seats。 Forthwith men servants poured water over their hands； maids
went round with the bread…baskets； pages filled the mixing…bowls
with wine and water； and they laid their hands upon the good things
that were before them。 As soon as they had had enough to eat and drink
they wanted music and dancing； which are the crowning embellishments
of a banquet； so a servant brought a lyre to Phemius； whom they
compelled perforce to sing to them。 As soon as he touched his lyre and
began to sing Telemachus spoke low to Minerva； with his head close
to hers that no man might hear。
〃I hope； sir；〃 said he； 〃that you will not be offended with what I
am going to say。 Singing comes cheap to those who do not pay for it；
and all this is done at the cost of one whose bones lie rotting in
some wilderness or grinding to powder in the surf。 If these men were
to see my father come back to Ithaca they would pray for longer legs
rather than a longer purse； for money would not serve them； but he；
alas； has fallen on an ill fate； and even when people do sometimes say
that he is coming； we no longer heed them； we shall never see him
again。 And now； sir； tell me and tell me true； who you are and where
you come from。 Tell me of your town and parents； what manner of ship
you came in； how your crew brought you to Ithaca； and of what nation
they declared themselves to be… for you cannot have come by land。 Tell
me also truly； for I want to know； are you a stranger to this house；
or have you been here in my father's time？ In the old days we had many
visitors for my father went about much himself。〃
And Minerva answered； 〃I will tell you truly and particularly all
about it。 I am Mentes； son of Anchialus； and I am King of the
Taphians。 I have come here with my ship and crew； on a voyage to men
of a foreign tongue being bound for Temesa with a cargo of iron； and I
shall bring back copper。 As for my ship； it lies over yonder off the
open country away from the town； in the harbour Rheithron under the
wooded mountain Neri
