the life of thomas telford-第66节

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impanelled　in　the　wall　over　the　parlour　mantelpiece；　made　for

Labelye　by　an　Italian　artist　whilst　the　bridge　works　were　in

progress。　　In　that　house　Telford　continued　to　live　until　the　close

of　his　life。



One　of　the　subjects　in　which　he　took　much　interest　during　his　later

years　was　the　establishment　of　the　Institute　of　Civil　Engineers。

In　1818　a　Society　had　been　formed；　consisting　principally　of　young

men　educated　to　civil　and　mechanical　engineering；　who　occasionally

met　to　discuss　matters　of　interest　relating　to　their　profession。

As　early　as　the　time　of　Smeaton；　a　social　meeting　of　engineers　was

occasionally　held　at　an　inn　in　Holborn；　which　was　discontinued　in

1792；　in　consequence　of　some　personal　differences　amongst　the

members。　　It　was　revived　in　the　following　year；　under　the　auspices

of　Mr。　Jessop；　Mr。　Naylor；　Mr。　Rennie；　and　Mr。　Whitworth；　and

joined　by　other　gentlemen　of　scientific　distinction。　　They　were

accustomed　to　dine　together　every　fortnight　at　the　Crown　and　Anchor

in　the　Strand；　spending　the　evening　in　conversation　on　engineering

subjects。　　But　as　the　numbers　and　importance　of　the　profession

increased；　the　desire　began　to　be　felt；　especially　among　the　junior

members　of　the　profession；　for　an　institution　of　a　more　enlarged

character。　　Hence　the　movement　above　alluded　to；　which　led　to　an

invitation　being　given　to　Mr。　Telford　to　accept　the　office　of

President　of　the　proposed　Engineers'　Institute。　　To　this　he　consented；

and　entered　upon　the　duties　of　the　office　on　the　21st　of　March；

1820。*＇1＇　　During　the　remainder　of　his　life；　Mr。　Telford　continued

to　watch　over　the　progress　of　the　Society；　which　gradually　grew　in

importance　and　usefulness。　　He　supplied　it　with　the　nucleus　of　a

reference　library；　now　become　of　great　value　to　its　members。

He　established　the　practice　of　recording　the　proceedings；*＇2＇　minutes

of　discussions；　and　substance　of　the　papers　read；　which　has　led　to

the　accumulation；　in　the　printed　records　of　the　Institute；　of　a

vast　body　of　information　as　to　engineering　practice。　　In　1828　he

exerted　himself　strenuously　and　successfully　in　obtaining　a　Charter

of　　Incorporation　for　the　Society；　and　finally；　at　his　death；　he

left　the　Institute　their　first　bequest　of　2000L。；　together　with

many　valuable　books；　and　a　large　collection　of　documents　which　had

been　subservient　to　his　own　professional　labours。



In　the　distinguished　position　which　he　occupied；　it　was　natural

that　Mr。　Telford　should　be　called　upon；　as　he　often　was；　towards

the　close　of　his　life；　to　give　his　opinion　and　advice　as　to

projects　of　public　importance。　　Where　strongly　conflicting　opinions

were　entertained　on　any　subject；　his　help　was　occasionally　found

most　valuable；　for　he　possessed　great　tact　and　suavity　of　manner；

which　often　enabled　him　to　reconcile　opposing　interests　when　they

stood　in　the　way　of　important　enterprises。



In　1828　he　was　appointed　one　of　the　commissioners　to　investigate

the　subject　of　the　supply　of　water　to　the　metropolis；　in　conjunction

with　Dr。　Roget　and　Professor　Brande；　and　the　result　was　the　very

able　report　published　in　that　year。　　Only　a　few　months　before　his

death；　in　1834；　he　prepared　and　sent　in　an　elaborate　separate

report；　containing　many　excellent　practical　suggestions；　which　had

the　effect　of　stimulating　the　efforts　of　the　water　companies；　and

eventually　leading；　to　great　improvements。



On　the　subject　of　roads；　Telford　continued　to　be　the　very　highest

authority；　his　friend　Southey　jocularly　styling　him　the　〃Colossus

of　Roads。〃　　The　Russian　Government　frequently　consulted　him　with

reference　to　the　new　roads　with　which　that　great　empire　was　being

opened　up。　　The　Polish　road　from　Warsaw　to　Briesc；　on　the　Russian

frontier；　120　miles　in　length；　was　constructed　after　his　plans；　and

it　remains；　we　believe；　the　finest　road　in　the　Russian　dominions　to

this　day。



＇Image＇　Section　of　Polish　Road



He　was　consulted　by　the　Austrian　Government　on　the　subject　of

bridges　as　well　as　roads。　　Count　Szechenyi　recounts　the　very

agreeable　and　instructive　interview　which　he　had　with　Telford　when

he　called　to　consult　him　as　to　the　bridge　proposed　to　be　erected

across　the　Danube；　between　the　towns　of　Buda　and　Pesth。　　On　a

suspension　bridge　being　suggested　by　the　English　engineer；　the

Count；　with　surprise；　asked　if　such　an　erection　was　possible　under

the　circumstances　he　had　described？　〃We　do　not　consider　anything　to

be　impossible；〃　replied　Telford；　〃impossibilities　exist　chiefly　in

the　prejudices　of　mankind；　to　which　some　are　slaves；　and　from　which

few　are　able　to　emancipate　themselves　and　enter　on　the　path　of

truth。〃　　But　supposing　a　suspension　bridge　were　not　deemed　advisable

under　the　circumstances；　and　it　were　considered　necessary

altogether　to　avoid　motion；　〃then；〃　said　he；　〃I　should　recommend

you　to　erect　a　cast　iron　bridge　of　three　spans；　each　400　feet；　such

a　bridge　will　have　no　motion；　and　though　half　the　world　lay　a

wreck；　it　would　still　stand。〃*＇3＇　　A　suspension　bridge　was

eventually　resolved　upon。　　It　was　constructed　by　one　of　Mr。　Telford's

ablest　pupils；　Mr。　Tierney　Clark；　between　the　years　1839　and　1850；

and　is　justly　regarded　as　one　of　the　greatest　triumphs　of　English

engineering；　the　Buda…Pesth　people　proudly　declaring　it　to　be　〃the

eighth　wonder　of　the　world。〃



At　a　time　when　speculation　was　very　rifein　the　year　1825

Mr。　Telford　was　consulted　respecting　a　grand　scheme　for　cutting　a

canal　across　the　Isthmus　of　Darien；　and　about　the　same　time　he　was

employed　to　resurvey　the　line　for　a　ship　canalwhich　had　before

occupied　the　attention　of　Whitworth　and　Renniebetween　Bristol　and

the　English　Channel。　　But　although　he　gave　great　attention　to　this

latter　project；　and　prepared　numerous　plans　and　reports　upon　it；

and　although　an　Act　was　actually　passed　enabling　it　to　be　carried

out；　the　scheme　was　eventually　abandoned；　like　the　preceding　ones

with　the　same　object；　for　want　of　the　requisite　funds。



Our　engineer　had　a　perfect　detestation　of　speculative　jobbing　in

all　its　forms；　though　on　one　occasion　he　could　not　help　being　used

as　an　instrument　by　schemers。　　A　public　company　was　got　up　at

Liverpool；　in　1827；　to　form　a　broad　and　deep　ship　canal；　of　about

seven　miles　in　length；　from　opposite　Liverpool　to　near　Helbre

Isle；　in　the　estuary　of　the　Dee；　its　object　being　to　enable　the

shipping　of　the　port　to　avoid　the　variable　shoals　and　sand…banks

which　obstruct　the　entrance　to　the　Mersey。　　Mr。　Telford　entered　on

the　project　with　great　zeal；　and　his　name　was　widely　quoted　in　its

support。　　It　appeared；　however；　that　one　of　its　principal　promoters；

who　had　secured　the　right　of　pre…emption　of　the　land　on　which　the

only　possible　entrance　to　the　canal　could　be　formed　on　the　northern

side；　suddenly　closed　with　the　corporation　of　Liverpool；　who　were

opposed　to　the　plan；　and　〃sold〃；　his　partners　as　well　as　the

engineer　for　a　large　sum　of　money。　　Telford；　disgusted　at　being　made

the　instrument　of　an　apparent　fraud　upon　the　public；　destroyed　all

the　documents　relating　to　the　scheme；　and　never　afterwards　spoke　of

it　except　in　terms　of　extreme　indignation。



About　the　same　time；　the　formation　of　locomotive　railways　was

extensively　discussed；　and　schemes　were　set　on　foot　to　construct

them　between　several　of　the　larger　towns。　　But　Mr。　Telford　was　now

about　seventy　years　old；　and；　desirous　of　limiting　the　range　of　his

business　rather　than　extending　it；　he　declined　to　enter　upon　this

new　branch　of　engineering。　　Yet；　in　his　younger　days；　he　had

surveyed　numerous　lines　of　railwayamongst　others；　one　as　early　as

the　year　1805；　from　Glasgow　to　Berwick；　down　the　vale　of　the　Tweed。

A　line　from　Newcastle…on…Tyne　to　Carlisle　was　also　surveyed　and

reported　on　by　him　some　years　later；　and　the　Stratford　and　Moreton

Railway　was　actually　constructed　under　his　direction。　　He　made　use

of　railways　in　all　his　large　works　of　masonry；　for　the　purpose　of

facilitating　the　haulage　of　materials　to　the　points　at　which　they

were　required　to　be　deposited　or　used。　　There　is　a　paper　of　his　on

the　Inland　Navigation　of　the　County　of　Salop；　contained　in

'The　Agricultural　Survey　of　Shropshire；'　in　which　he　speaks　of　the

judicious　use　of　railways；　and　recommends　that　in　all　future

surveys　〃it　be　an　instruction　to　the　engineers　that　they　do　examine

the　county　with　a　view　of　introducing　iron　railways　wherever

difficulties　may　occur　with　regard　to　the　making　of　navigable　canals。〃

When　the　project　of　the　Liverpool　and　Manchester　Railway　was　started；

we　are　informed　that　he　was　offered　the　appointment　of　engineer；

but　he　declined；　partly　because　of　his　advanced　age；　but　also　out

of　a　feeling　of　duty　to　his　employers；　the　Canal　Companies；　stating

that　he　could　not　lend　his　name　to　a　scheme　which；　if　carried　out；

must　so　materially　affect　their　interests。



Towards　the　close　of　his　life；　he　was　afflicted　by　deafness；　which

made　him　feel　exceedingly　uncomfortable　in　mixed